Rashin maye na Opioid

Magungunan opioid sun hada da morphine, oxycodone, da kuma roba (irin na mutum) kayan maye na opioid, kamar fentanyl. An tsara su don magance ciwo bayan tiyata ko tsarin hakori. Wani lokaci, ana amfani dasu don magance tsananin tari ko gudawa. Har ila yau, heroin miyagun ƙwayoyi ma opioid ne. Lokacin zagi, opioids yana sa mutum ya sami natsuwa da tsananin farin ciki (euphoria). A takaice, ana amfani da magungunan don yin sama.

Rashin maye na Opioid wani yanayi ne wanda ba kawai ku yi amfani da kwayar ba ne, amma kuma kuna da alamun bayyanar jiki wanda zai iya sa ku rashin lafiya da nakasa.

Rashin maye na Opioid na iya faruwa yayin da mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya ya ba da umarnin opioid, amma:

• Mai ba da sabis bai san cewa mutumin ya riga ya ɗauki wani opioid a gida ba.
• Mutum na da matsalar rashin lafiya, kamar matsalar hanta ko koda, wanda hakan kan iya haifar da maye.
• Mai ba da sabis ɗin ya ba da shawarar maganin bacci (mai kwantar da hankali) ban da opioid.
• Mai ba da sabis ɗin bai san cewa wani mai ba da sabis ya rigaya ya ba da odioid ba.

A cikin mutanen da suke amfani da opioids don samun girma, maye na iya haifar da:

• Yin amfani da magani da yawa
• Amfani da opioid tare da wasu magunguna, kamar magungunan bacci ko giya
• Shan opioid din ta hanyoyin da ba'a saba amfani dasu ba, kamar shan sigari ko shakar iska (hanci)

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da yawan maganin da aka sha.

Kwayar cututtukan maye na maye sun hada da:

• Matsayin tunanin da aka canza, kamar rikicewa, rashin hankali, ko ragin wayewa ko amsawa
• Matsalar numfashi (numfashi na iya yin jinkiri kuma daga ƙarshe ya tsaya)
• Matsanancin bacci ko rashin faɗuwa
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Pananan yara

Gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da umarnin sun dogara da damuwar mai bayarwa don ƙarin matsalolin likita. Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin jini
• CT scan na kwakwalwa, idan mutum yana fama da rauni ko zai iya samun rauni a kansa
• ECG (electrocardiogram) don auna aikin lantarki a cikin zuciya
• Kirjin x-ray don bincika cutar huhu
• Toxicology (guba) nunawa

Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai auna tare da lura da muhimman alamomin mutum, gami da yanayin zafi, bugun jini, yawan numfashi, da hawan jini. Kwayar cututtuka za a bi da su yadda ya dace. Mutumin na iya karɓar:

• Taimako na numfashi, gami da oxygen, ko bututu wanda ke bi ta cikin baki zuwa huhu da haɗewa da na'urar numfashi
• IV ruwaye
• Magungunan da ake kira naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) don toshe tasirin kwayar cutar akan tsarin mai juyayi
• Sauran magunguna kamar yadda ake buƙata

Tunda tasirin naloxone galibi gajere ne, ƙungiyar masu kula da lafiya za su kula da mai haƙuri na tsawon awanni 4 zuwa 6 a cikin sashin gaggawa. Wataƙila za a shigar da mutane masu matsakaiciyar maye a cikin asibiti na awanni 24 zuwa 48.

Ana buƙatar kimanta lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa idan mutum yana kashe kansa.

Yawancin dalilai suna ƙayyade sakamako na gajere da na dogon lokaci bayan maye opioid. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sune:

• Matsayin guba, alal misali, idan mutum ya daina numfashi, kuma tsawon wane lokaci
• Sau nawa ake amfani da magungunan
• Tasirin ƙazantar da aka gauraya da haramtattun abubuwa
• Raunin da ya faru sakamakon amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
• Conditionsarƙashin yanayin kiwon lafiya

Matsalolin kiwon lafiya da zasu iya faruwa sun haɗa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Lalacewar huhu na dindindin
• Kwacewa, rawar jiki
• Rage ikon tunani sosai
• Rashin kwanciyar hankali da wahalar tafiya
• Cututtuka ko ma lalacewar gabobi na dindindin sakamakon amfani da allura na magani

Rashin maye - opioids; Cin zarafin Opioid - maye; Amfani da opioid - buguwa

Aronson JK. Onwararrun masu karɓar opioid. A cikin: Aronson JK, ed. Hanyoyin Meyler na Magunguna. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 348-380.

Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa. Opioids. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. An shiga Afrilu 29, 2019.

Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa. Mene ne rikitarwa na likita na amfani da tabar heroin? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. An sabunta Yuni 2018. Samun damar Afrilu 29, 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 156.