Opiate da opioid sun janye

Opiates ko opioids sune magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance ciwo. Kalmar narcotic tana nufin ko dai nau'in magani ne.

Idan ka daina ko rage wadannan kwayoyi bayan amfani mai nauyi na 'yan makonni ko sama da haka, zaka sami alamomi da dama. Wannan shi ake kira janyewa.

A cikin 2018 a Amurka, kimanin mutane 808,000 sun ba da rahoton yin amfani da heroin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. A cikin wannan shekarar, kimanin mutane miliyan 11.4 sun yi amfani da magungunan rage narcotic ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Magunguna masu saurin narkewa sun haɗa da:

• Codein
• Heroin
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• Methadone
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Morphine
• Oxycodone (Percocet ko Oxycontin)

Wadannan kwayoyi na iya haifar da dogaro da jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutum ya dogara da maganin don hana bayyanar cututtuka. Yawancin lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin magungunan don irin wannan tasirin. Wannan ana kiransa haƙuri da ƙwayoyi.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da za a yi don dogaro da jiki ya bambanta da kowane mutum.

Lokacin da mutum ya daina shan ƙwayoyi, jiki yana buƙatar lokaci don murmurewa. Wannan yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Ficewa daga opiates na iya faruwa kowane lokaci da aka tsaida amfani ko da daɗewa.

Alamomin farko na janyewar sun hada da:

• Gaggawa
• Tashin hankali
• Ciwon tsoka
• Karuwar hawaye
• Rashin bacci
• Hancin hanci
• Gumi
• Yin hamma

Late bayyanar cututtuka na janyewar sun hada da:

• Cutar ciki
• Gudawa
• Dananan yara
• Goose bumps
• Ciwan
• Amai

Wadannan alamun ba su da wata damuwa amma ba masu barazanar rai bane. Kwayar cutar yawanci tana farawa ne tsakanin awanni 12 na amfani da jaruntakar da ta gabata kuma a cikin awanni 30 na bayyanar methadone na ƙarshe.

Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambayoyi game da tarihin lafiyarku da amfani da kwayoyi.

Fitsari ko gwajin jini don yin gwajin kwayoyi na iya tabbatar da amfani da opiate.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje zasu dogara ne akan damuwar mai ba ku don sauran matsaloli. Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan jini da gwajin hanta kamar CHEM-20
• CBC (cikakken ƙidayar jini, yana auna jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da fari, da platelets, waɗanda ke taimakawa jini don daskarewa)
• Kirjin x-ray
• ECG (lantarki, ko gano zuciya)
• Gwajin cutar hepatitis C, HIV, da tarin fuka (TB), kamar yadda yawancin mutanen da ke cutar opiates suma suna da waɗannan cututtukan

Ficewa daga waɗannan kwayoyi da kan ka na iya zama da wahala sosai kuma yana iya zama mai haɗari. Jiyya galibi yakan ƙunshi magunguna, shawara, da tallafi. Ku da mai ba ku sabis za ku tattauna game da kulawa da burinku na magani.

Aukewa zai iya faruwa a cikin saituna da yawa:

• A-gida, ta amfani da magunguna da tsarin tallafi mai ƙarfi. (Wannan hanyar tana da wahala, kuma janyewa ya kamata ayi a hankali.)
• Yin amfani da kayan aikin da aka saita don taimakawa mutane da lalata jiki (detox).
• A cikin asibiti na yau da kullun, idan alamun suna da tsanani.

MAGUNGUNA

Methadone yana taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka na janyewa kuma yana taimakawa tare da detox. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman magani na dogon lokaci don dogaro da opioid. Bayan wani lokaci na kulawa, ana iya rage maganin a hankali tsawon lokaci. Wannan yana taimakawa rage karfin bayyanar cututtuka. Wasu mutane suna tsayawa akan methadone tsawon shekaru.

Buprenorphine (Subutex) yana magance janyewa daga opiates, kuma yana iya rage tsawon detox. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don kulawa na dogon lokaci, kamar methadone. Buprenorphine na iya haɗuwa da Naloxone (Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv), wanda ke taimakawa hana dogaro da rashin amfani.

Clonidine ana amfani dashi don taimakawa rage tashin hankali, tashin hankali, ciwon tsoka, zufa, hanci, da kuma matsi. Ba ya taimaka rage sha'awar.

Sauran magunguna na iya:

• Bi da amai da gudawa
• Taimako tare da bacci

Naltrexone na iya taimakawa hana sake dawowa. Akwai shi a cikin nau'in kwaya ko a matsayin allura. Hakanan, kodayake, na iya haifar da janyewar kwatsam da tsanani idan aka ɗauka yayin da opioids ke cikin tsarin ku.

Mutanen da suka bi ta hanyar janyewa sau da yawa ya kamata a bi da su tare da methadone na dogon lokaci ko kiyaye buprenorphine.

Yawancin mutane suna buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci bayan detox. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai, kamar Ba a sani da Narcotics Anonymous ko SMART Recovery
• Nasihun marasa lafiya
• Magungunan asibiti mai tsanani (kwanciya asibiti)
• Maganin asibiti

Duk wanda ya shiga cikin detox don masu maye sai a duba shi don damuwa da sauran cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa. Yin maganin waɗannan rikice-rikice na iya rage haɗarin sake dawowa. Ya kamata a ba da magunguna masu rage damuwa kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Groupsungiyoyin tallafi, kamar su Narcotics Anonymous da SMART Recovery, na iya ba da taimako ƙwarai ga mutanen da suka kamu da opiates:

• Ba a sani da ƙwayoyi ba - www.na.org
• Sake farfadowa da Smart - www.smartrecovery.org

Ficewa daga opiates yana da zafi, amma yawanci ba barazanar rai bane.

Matsalolin sun hada da yin amai da numfashi a cikin cikin huhu. Wannan shi ake kira buri, kuma yana iya haifar da cutar huhu. Amai da gudawa na iya haifar da bushewar jiki da rikicewar sinadaran jiki da ma'adinai (electrolyte).

Babban mawuyacin hali shine dawowa ga amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin mace-macen ƙwayoyi masu yawa suna faruwa ne a cikin mutanen da suka ɗan karkata. Janyewa yana ragewa mutum haquri da magani, saboda haka wa anda suka samu ci gaba kawai zasu iya yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyi fiye da yadda suke sha.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna amfani ko janyewa daga opiates.

Ficewa daga opioids; Ciwon rashin lafiya; Amfani da abu - opiate janyewar; Abun amfani da kayan abu - cire kuɗi; Amfani da ƙwayoyi - cire opiate; Zagi na narcotic - janyewar opiate; Methadone - janyewar opiate; Magungunan ciwo - cirewa daga opiate; Cin zarafin Heroin - ficewa daga opiate; Cin zarafin Morphine - janyewar opiate; Cutar da Opoid; Meperidine - janyewar opiate; Dilaudid - janyewar opiate; Oxycodone - janyewar opiate; Percocet - janyewar opiate; Oxycontin - janyewar opiate; Hydrocodone - janyewar opiate; Detox - opiates; Detoxification - opiates

Kampman K, Jarvis M. Americanungiyar Magungunan Magunguna ta Amurka (ASAM) Jagoran Practasa na forasa don amfani da magunguna a cikin maganin jaraba da amfani da opioid. J shan tabar wiwi Med. 2015; 9 (5): 358-367. PMID: 26406300 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26406300/.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 156.

Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP. Amfani da ƙwayoyi da dogaro A cikin: Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP, eds. Rang da Dale's Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 50.

Abuse da Abubuwan Kulawa da Ayyukan Hauka. Amfani da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da alamun kiwon lafiyar hankali a Amurka: Sakamako daga Nazarin Nationalasa na 2018 game da Amfani da Magunguna da Lafiya. www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf. An sabunta Agusta 2019. An shiga Yuni 23, 2020.