Keratoconus

Keratoconus cuta ce ta ido wacce ke shafar tsarin cornea. Gyaran jiki shine kyallen takarda wanda ke rufe gaban ido.

Tare da wannan yanayin, sifar cornea a hankali tana canzawa daga sifa zagaye zuwa siffar mazugi. Hakanan yana kara siririya kuma idanuwa suna fitarwa. Wannan yana haifar da matsalar gani. A cikin yawancin mutane, waɗannan canje-canjen suna ci gaba da zama mafi muni.

Ba a san musabbabin hakan ba. Wataƙila yanayin haɓaka keratoconus ya kasance daga haihuwa. Yanayin na iya zama saboda lahani a cikin collagen. Wannan shine kyallen takarda wanda ke ba da sifa da ƙarfi ga masifa.

Allerji da goge ido na iya saurin saurin lalacewa.

Akwai hanyar haɗi tsakanin keratoconus da Down syndrome.

Alamar farko ita ce ɗan ɓata hangen nesa wanda ba za a iya gyara shi da tabarau ba. (Mafi yawan lokuta ana iya gyara hangen nesa zuwa 20/20 tare da daskararre, ruwan tabarau mai sauƙin gas.) Bayan lokaci, kuna iya ganin halos, da haske, ko wasu matsalolin hangen nesa na dare.

Yawancin mutane da ke haɓaka keratoconus suna da tarihin rashin hangen nesa. Rashin hangen nesa yana daɗa zama mafi muni a tsawon lokaci. Yayinda matsalar ke taɓarɓarewa, astigmatism yana tasowa kuma yana iya kara muni tsawon lokaci.

Keratoconus galibi ana gano shi a lokacin samartaka. Hakanan yana iya bunkasa cikin tsofaffi.

Gwajin da yafi dacewa game da wannan matsalar ana kiran shi yanayin yanayin kwalliya, wanda ke haifar da taswirar ƙirar cornea.

Gwajin fitilar fitilar gaɓar gawar na iya gano cutar a matakan gaba.

Gwajin da ake kira pachymetry za a iya amfani dashi don auna kaurin cornea.

Gilashin tabarau shine babban magani ga mafi yawan marasa lafiya tare da keratoconus. Gilashin tabarau na iya ba da hangen nesa mai kyau, amma ba su magance ko dakatar da yanayin ba. Ga mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin, sanya tabarau a waje bayan an gano su na iya taimakawa jinkirin ko hana ci gaban cutar. Shekaru da yawa, maganin tiyata kawai shine dasawa ta tsoka.

Sabbin fasahohi masu zuwa na iya jinkirta ko hana buƙata dasawar ƙashi:

• Radioarfin rediyo mai saurin ƙarfi (keratoplasty mai gudana) yana canza fasalin cornea don haka ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓi ya fi dacewa.
• Gwanin jiki (sassan zobe na intracorneal) canza siffar cornea don haka ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓa ya fi kyau
• Corneal collagen giciye-haɗawa magani ne da yake haifar da jijiyar wuya. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana hana yanayin yin muni. Yana iya yiwuwa a sake fasalta yanayin jijiyar tare da gyaran gani na laser.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya gyara hangen nesa da ruwan tabarau mai sauƙin gas.

Idan ana buƙatar dasa jiki, sakamakon yana da kyau sosai. Koyaya, lokacin dawowa zai iya zama mai tsayi. Mutane da yawa har yanzu suna buƙatar ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓar bayan tiyata.

Idan ba'a bar shi ba, cornea na iya zama sirara har zuwa inda rami ya ɓullo a ɓangaren mafi bakin ciki.

Akwai haɗarin ƙin yarda bayan dasawar ƙwayar gaɓar ciki, amma haɗarin ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake yi wa sauran sassan jikin.

Kada ku sami gyaran hangen nesa na laser (kamar LASIK) idan kuna da kowane digiri na keratoconus. An fara yin aikin kwalliya kafin a fitar da mutanen da ke wannan yanayin.

A cikin wasu lokuta, wasu hanyoyin gyaran hangen nesa na laser, kamar PRK, na iya zama mai aminci ga mutanen da keratoconus mai sauƙi. Wannan na iya zama mai yiwuwa a cikin mutanen da ke da alaƙa da haɗin haɗin gwal.

Matasa waɗanda ba za a iya gyara hangen nesa zuwa 20/20 tare da tabarau ya kamata likitan ido ya san keratoconus ya duba su ba. Iyaye masu keratoconus ya kamata suyi la'akari da yiwa yaransu gwajin cutar tun daga shekara 10.

Babu yadda za a hana wannan yanayin. Yawancin masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata mutane su ɗauki matakai don magance rashin lafiyar da kuma guje wa shafa idanunsu.

Gani ya canza - keratoconus

• Cornea

Hernández-Quintela E, Sánchez-Huerta V, García-Albisua AM, Gulias-Cañizo R. Gaban kimantawa na keratoconus da ectasia. A cikin: Azar DT, ed. Yin aikin tiyata. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 12.

Hersh PS, Stulting RD, Muller D, Durrie DS, Rajpal RK; Studyungiyar Nazarin Crosslinking ta Amurka. Clinwararren Clinwararren Likitocin ultasa da yawa na Amurka na Corneal Collagen Crosslinking don Kula da Keratoconus. Ilimin lafiyar ido. 2017; 124 (9): 1259-1270. PMID: 28495149 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495149/.

Sugar J, Garcia-Zalisnak DE. Keratoconus da sauran ectasias. A cikin: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ilimin lafiyar ido. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 4.18.