Acidosis

Acidosis wani yanayi ne wanda akwai ruwan acid a jiki sosai. Yana da akasin alkalosis (yanayin da yake akwai tushe da yawa a cikin ruwan jiki).

Kodan da huhu suna kula da daidaito (daidai matakin pH) na sunadarai da ake kira acid da sansanonin jiki. Acidosis yana faruwa lokacin da acid ya tashi ko kuma lokacin da aka rasa bicarbonate (tushe). An rarraba Acidosis a matsayin ko dai na numfashi ko na rayuwa acidosis.

Sinadarin numfashi yana tasowa lokacin da iskar carbon dioxide da yawa (acid) a jiki. Wannan nau'in acidosis yawanci ana haifar dashi lokacin da jiki ya kasa cire isashshen iskar ƙona ƙasa ta numfashi. Sauran sunaye don acidosis na numfashi sune hypercapnic acidosis da carbon dioxide acidosis. Abubuwan da ke haifar da acidosis na numfashi sun haɗa da:

• Lalacewar kirji, kamar su kyphosis
• Raunin kirji
• Raunin tsoka
• Dogon lokaci (na kullum) cutar huhu
• Uwayoyin cuta na jijiyoyin jini, kamar su myasthenia gravis, dystrophy na muscular
  
• Yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi

Cutar ƙwayar cuta na rayuwa yana tasowa lokacin da aka samar da acid mai yawa a jiki. Hakanan yana iya faruwa yayin da kodan ba za su iya cire isasshen acid daga jiki ba. Akwai nau'ikan acid acid na rayuwa masu yawa:

• Ciwon sukari acidosis (wanda ake kira mai ciwon sukari ketoacidosis da DKA) yana tasowa lokacin da abubuwa da ake kira gawarwakin ketone (waɗanda suke da ruwa) suna haɓaka yayin ciwon suga da ba a kula da shi.
• Hyperchloremic acidosis yana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar sodium bicarbonate mai yawa daga jiki, wanda zai iya faruwa tare da gudawa mai tsanani.
• Ciwon koda (uremia, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta)
• Lactic acidosis.
• Guba ta asfirin, ethylene glycol (ana samun sa a cikin daskarewa), ko kuma sinadarin methanol.
• Rashin ruwa mai tsanani.

Lactic acidosis shine ginin lactic acid. Lactic acid galibi ana samar dashi a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Yana samuwa lokacin da jiki ya lalata carbohydrates don amfani dashi don kuzari lokacin da matakan oxygen yayi ƙasa. Wannan na iya haifar da:

• Ciwon daji
• Shan giya da yawa
• Yin motsa jiki sosai na dogon lokaci
• Rashin hanta
• Sugararamar sikari (hypoglycemia)
• Magunguna, kamar salicylates, metformin, anti-retrovirals
• MELAS (cuta mai rikitarwa ta cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke shafar samar da makamashi)
• Dogon rashin isashshen iska daga firgita, bugun zuciya, ko tsananin rashin jini
• Kamawa
• Sepsis - ciwo mai tsanani saboda kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu ƙwayoyin cuta
• Guba ta iskar carbon monoxide
• Ciwan asma mai tsanani

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan acid na rayuwa sun dogara da cutar ko yanayin. Acid acid na kanta yana haifar da saurin numfashi. Hakanan rikicewa ko rashin nutsuwa na iya faruwa. Cutar mai saurin haɗari na iya haifar da gigicewa ko mutuwa.

Ciwon cututtukan acidosis na numfashi na iya haɗawa da:

• Rikicewa
• Gajiya
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Rashin numfashi
• Bacci

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje da za a iya yin oda sun haɗa da:

• Binciken gas na jini
• Basic metabolic panel (rukunin gwajin jini wanda ke auna matakan sodium da potassium, aikin koda, da sauran sunadarai da ayyuka) don nuna ko nau'in acidosis na rayuwa ne ko na numfashi
• Kitsen jini
• Gwajin lactic acid
• Kitsen fitsari
• Fitsarin pH

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a buƙaci don ƙayyade dalilin acidosis sun haɗa da:

• Kirjin x-ray
• CT ciki
• Fitsari
• Fitsarin pH

Jiyya ya dogara da dalilin. Mai ba ku sabis zai gaya muku ƙarin bayani.

Acidosis zai iya zama mai haɗari idan ba a magance shi ba. Yawancin lokuta suna amsawa da kyau ga magani.

Matsalolin sun dogara ne da takamaiman nau'in acidosis.

Duk nau'ikan acidosis zasu haifar da alamun bayyanar da ke buƙatar magani daga mai ba ku.

Rigakafin ya dogara da dalilin acidosis. Yawancin dalilai na cututtukan rayuwa na rayuwa za a iya hana su, ciki har da ketoacidosis na ciwon sukari da wasu dalilai na lactic acidosis. A yadda aka saba, mutanen da ke da ƙodar lafiya da huhu ba su da haɗarin acidosis.

• Kodan

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Aikin acid-base. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: sura 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Kimantawa game da aikin koda, ruwa, wutan lantarki, da daidaiton tushen acid. A cikin: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Hanyoyin Laboratory. 23 ga ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 14.

Seifter JL. Rikicin Acid-base. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 110.