Hemolytic cuta na jariri
Cutar Hemolytic na jariri (HDN) cuta ce ta jini a cikin ɗan tayi ko jariri sabon haihuwa. A wasu jarirai, yana iya zama na mutuwa.
A ka’ida, jajayen kwayoyin jini (RBCs) suna wucewa na kimanin kwanaki 120 a cikin jiki. A cikin wannan rikicewar, RBC a cikin jini ana lalata su da sauri kuma saboda haka ba su daɗewa.
A lokacin daukar ciki, RBCs daga jaririn da ba a haifa ba na iya hayewa cikin jinin uwa ta wurin mahaifa. HDN yana faruwa lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki na uwa ya ga RBC na jariri baƙon ne. Antibodies to yana tasowa akan RBCs na jariri. Wadannan kwayoyi suna kai hari ga RBC a cikin jinin jariri kuma suna sa su karye da wuri.
HDN na iya bunkasa yayin da uwa da jaririn da ke cikin ta ke da nau'ikan jini daban. Nau'ikan sun dogara ne akan ƙananan abubuwa (antigens) akan farfajiyar ƙwayoyin jini.
Akwai hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya ta yadda jinin jinin jaririn da ba a haifa ba zai dace da na mahaifiyarsa ba.
- A, B, AB, da O sune manyan antigens ko rukunin jini guda 4. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan ba mai tsanani bane.
- Rh takaice ga antigen "rhesus" ko nau'in jini. Mutane suna da tabbaci ko marasa kyau don wannan maganin. Idan uwa ba ta da Rh-negative kuma jaririn da ke ciki yana da ƙwayoyin Rh-tabbatacce, ƙwayoyinta na Rh antigen za su iya haye mahaifa kuma su haifar da ƙarancin jini a cikin jaririn. Ana iya kiyaye shi a mafi yawan lokuta.
- Akwai wasu, da yawa ƙarancin na kowa, nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ƙananan antigens na ƙungiyar jini. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan na iya haifar da matsaloli mai tsanani.
HDN na iya lalata ƙwayoyin jinin jariri da sauri da sauri, wanda na iya haifar da alamomi kamar:
- Edema (kumburi a ƙarƙashin fuskar fata)
- Sabon jaundice wanda ke faruwa da wuri kuma ya fi tsanani fiye da al'ada
Alamomin HDN sun hada da:
- Karancin jini ko karancin jini
- Liverara hanta ko baƙin ciki
- Hydrops (ruwa a jikin kyallen takarda, gami da sararin samaniya wanda ya kunshi huhu, zuciya, da gabobin ciki), wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar zuciya ko gazawar numfashi daga ruwa mai yawa
Wace gwaje-gwaje akeyi ya dogara da nau'in rashin daidaiton ƙungiyar jini da tsananin alamun bayyanar, amma na iya haɗawa da:
- Cikakken ƙidayar jini da ƙarancin jinin ja (reticulocyte)
- Bilirubin matakin
- Rubuta jini
Yaran da ke da HDN za a iya bi da su da:
- Ciyarwa sau da yawa da karɓar ƙarin ruwaye.
- Haske mai haske (phototherapy) ta amfani da fitilu masu shuɗi na musamman don canza bilirubin zuwa wani nau'i wanda ya fi sauƙi ga jikin jariri ya rabu da shi.
- Antibodies (intravenous immunoglobulin, ko IVIG) don taimakawa kare jan ƙwayoyin jaririn daga lalacewa.
- Magunguna don haɓaka hawan jini idan ya sauka ƙasa sosai.
- A cikin mawuyacin hali, ana iya yin musanyar musaya. Wannan ya hada da cire adadi mai yawa na jinin jariri, kuma ta haka ne karin bilirubin da kwayoyin kariya. Sabon jinin mai bayarwa an saka shi.
- Sauya jini (ba tare da musaya ba). Wannan na iya buƙatar maimaitawa bayan jariri ya tafi gida daga asibiti.
Tsananin wannan yanayin na iya bambanta. Wasu jariran ba su da alamun bayyanar. A wasu halaye kuma, matsaloli kamar su hydrops na iya sa jariri ya mutu kafin, ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan, haihuwa. Za'a iya magance tsananin HDN kafin haihuwa ta hanyar ƙarin jinin cikin mahaifa.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan wannan cuta, wanda rashin daidaituwa na Rh ke haifarwa, ana iya kiyaye shi idan aka gwada uwa yayin juna biyu. Idan ana buƙata, ana ba ta harbi na wani magani da ake kira RhoGAM a wasu lokuta a lokacin da bayan cikin. Idan kun taɓa samun jariri da wannan cutar, kuyi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya idan kuna shirin samun wani jariri.
Hemolytic cuta na tayin da jariri (HDFN); Erythroblastosis tayi; Anemia - HDN; Rashin jituwa ta jini - HDN; ABO rashin daidaituwa - HDN; Rashin daidaituwa na Rh - HDN
- Yin jinin cikin mahaifa
- Antibodies
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