Noma

Noma wani nau'in gandun daji ne dake lalata ƙwayoyin mucous na bakin da sauran kayan kyallen takarda. Hakan na faruwa ne ga yara masu ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a yankunan da rashin tsabta da tsabta.

Ba a san takamaiman abin da ke haddasa shi ba, amma noma na iya kasancewa saboda wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta.

Wannan rikice-rikice galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin yara, yara masu fama da yunwa mai tsanani tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 5. Sau da yawa suna da rashin lafiya irin su kyanda, jan zazzabi, tarin fuka, ko kansa. Hakanan suna iya samun raunin garkuwar jiki.

Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Wani nau'in rashin abinci mai gina jiki da ake kira Kwashiorkor, da wasu nau'ikan rashin abinci mai gina jiki mai haɗari
• Rashin tsabtar muhalli da datti yanayin rayuwa
• Rashin lafiya kamar su kyanda ko cutar sankarar bargo
• Rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa

Noma yana haifar da lalatawar nama farat ɗaya wanda cikin sauri yake ƙara muni. Na farko, gumis da rufin kunci sun zama kumburi kuma su kamu da ciwo (ulcers). Ceulikan suna haɓaka magudanar ruwa mai ƙamshi, yana haifar da warin baki da ƙanshin fata.

Kamuwa da cuta ya bazu zuwa fata, kuma kyallen takarda a leɓɓa da kunci ya mutu. Wannan na iya ƙarshe lalata nama mai laushi da ƙashi. Lalacewar kasusuwa da ke kusa da baki yana haifar da nakasar fuska da zubar hakora.

Hakanan Noma na iya shafar al'aura, yadawa zuwa fatar al'aura (wannan wani lokaci ana kiranta noma pudendi).

Gwajin jiki yana nuna yankuna masu kumburi na ƙwayoyin mucous, marurai na baki, da ulcers na fata. Wadannan ulce din suna da magudanar ruwa mai wari. Akwai wasu alamun alamun rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Magungunan rigakafi da abinci mai gina jiki na taimakawa dakatar da cutar daga yin muni. Yin aikin filastik na iya zama dole don cire kyallen takarda da sake sake ƙashin ƙasusuwa. Wannan zai inganta yanayin fuska da aikin bakin da hammata.

A wasu lokuta, wannan yanayin na iya zama kisa idan ba a magance shi ba. Wasu lokuta, yanayin na iya warkewa tsawon lokaci, har ma ba tare da magani ba. Koyaya, yana iya haifar da mummunan rauni da nakasawa.

Wadannan rikitarwa na iya faruwa:

• Lalacewar fuska
• Rashin jin daɗi
• Matsalar magana da taunawa
• Kaɗaici

Ana buƙatar kulawa da jinya idan ciwon baki da kumburi sun faru kuma sun dage ko sun kara muni.

Inganta abinci mai gina jiki, tsafta, da tsafta na iya taimakawa.

Cancrum oris; Ciwan stomatitis mai rikitarwa

• Ciwon baki

Chjong CM, Acuin JM, Labra PJP, Chan AL. Ciwon kunne, hanci, da wuya. A cikin: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aaronson NE, Endy TP, eds. Hunter na Yanayin Yanayi da cututtukan dake yaduwa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 12.

Kim W. Rashin lafiya na membranes. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 684.

Srour ML, Wong V, Wyllie S. Noma, actinomycosis da nocardia. A cikin: Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ, eds. Cututtukan Yankuna na Yankin Manson. 23 ga ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: babi na 29.