Kananan Yara

Kananan cuta babbar cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum (mai saurin yaduwa). Kwayar cuta ce ke haddasa ta.

Poaramar ƙwayar cuta na yaduwa daga mutum ɗaya zuwa wani daga ɗiɗɗishan miyau. Hakanan yana iya yaduwa daga zanin gado da tufafi. Yana da saurin yaduwa yayin makon farko na kamuwa da cutar. Yana iya ci gaba da kasancewa mai yaduwa har sai fatar da ke fitowa daga kumburi ta faɗi. Kwayar cutar na iya wanzuwa tsakanin awa 6 zuwa 24.

An taba yiwa mutane rigakafin wannan cutar. Duk da haka, an kawar da cutar tun daga 1979. Amurka ta daina ba da allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna a shekarar 1972. A 1980, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar cewa dukkan kasashe su daina yin allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna.

Akwai nau'ikan kananan cuta guda biyu:

• Variola major cuta ce mai tsanani wacce ke iya zama barazanar rai ga mutanen da ba a yi musu rigakafin ba. Yana da alhakin adadi mai yawa na mutuwar.
• Variola karami cuta ce mai sauƙi wacce ba ta saurin mutuwa.

Wani babban shirin da WHO ta yi ya kawar da duk wasu sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta daga duniya a cikin shekarun 1970, sai dai wasu 'yan samfuran da aka adana don binciken gwamnati da kuma ɗaukar makaman kare dangi. Masu bincike suna ci gaba da muhawara kan ko za a kashe samfuran karshe da suka rage na kwayar, ko don adana ta idan akwai wani dalili na gaba da za a yi nazarinsa.

Kila ku kamu da cutar kanana idan:

• Shin ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje ne wanda ke kula da kwayar (ba safai ba)
• Suna cikin wurin da aka sake kwayar cutar a matsayin makamin nazarin halittu

Ba a san tsawon lokacin da allurar rigakafin da suka gabata suka yi aiki ba. Mutanen da suka karɓi rigakafin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata ba za a iya samun cikakkiyar kariya daga ƙwayoyin cutar ba.

HATSARIN TA'ADDANCI

Akwai fargabar cewa ana iya yada kwayar cutar sankarau a wani bangare na harin ta'addanci. Ana iya yada kwayar cutar ta feshi (aerosol).

Kwayar cutar galibi tana faruwa kusan kwanaki 12 zuwa 14 bayan kamuwa da kwayar. Suna iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon baya
• Delirium
• Gudawa
• Zub da jini mai yawa
• Gajiya
• Babban zazzabi
• Malaise
• Tashin hoda mai ruwan hoda, ya zama sores wanda yake zama mai laushi a ranar 8 ko 9
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Tashin zuciya da amai

Gwajin sun hada da:

• DIC panel
• Countididdigar platelet
• Cellidayar ƙwayar ƙwayar jini

Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje na musamman don gano cutar.

Alurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta na iya hana rigakafin cututtuka ko rage alamun idan aka ba da shi tsakanin kwana 1 zuwa 4 bayan mutum ya kamu da cutar. Da zarar alamun sun fara, magani yana da iyaka.

A watan Yulin 2013, SIGA Technologies ta gabatar da kwasa-kwasan 59,000 na maganin cutar kwayar tecovirimat ga Dabarun Tattalin Arzikin Gwamnatin Amurka don amfani da su a cikin yiwuwar aukuwar matsalar ta'addanci. SIGA ta shigar don kariyar fatarar kuɗi a cikin 2014.

Ana iya ba da maganin rigakafi don kamuwa da cututtukan da ke faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar shan inna. Shan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kamar na kananan yara (immunia immune globulin) na iya taimakawa rage tsawon lokacin cutar.

Mutanen da aka gano su da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma mutanen da suka yi mu'amala da su na buƙatar keɓewa kai tsaye. Suna buƙatar karɓar alurar riga kafi kuma a sa musu ido sosai.

A baya, wannan babbar cuta ce. Haɗarin mutuwa ya kai kamar 30%.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Arthritis da cututtukan kashi
• Kumburin kwakwalwa (encephalitis)
• Mutuwa
• Ciwon ido
• Namoniya
• Ararfafawa
• Zubar jini mai tsanani
• Cututtukan fata (daga sores)

Idan kana tunanin watakila an kamu da cutar sankarau, tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya kai tsaye. Saduwa da kwayar ba mai yiwuwa ba ne sai dai idan kun yi aiki tare da kwayar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko kuma an fallasa ku ta hanyar ta'addanci.

An yiwa mutane da yawa rigakafin cutar sankarau a baya. Alurar rigakafin yanzu ba a ba jama'a. Idan ana buƙatar ba da rigakafin don magance ɓarkewar cuta, yana iya samun ƙaramin haɗarin rikitarwa. A halin yanzu, kawai ma'aikatan soja, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da masu ba da agajin gaggawa na iya karɓar rigakafin.

Variola - babba da ƙarami; Variola

• Ionsananan cututtukan

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Kananan Yara www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.html. An sabunta Yuli 12, 2017. Iso ga Afrilu 17, 2019.

Damon IK Kananan yara, biri, da sauran cututtukan poxvirus. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 372.

Petersen BW, Damon IK. Orthopoxviruses: vaccinia (maganin rigakafin cutar shan inna), variola (kananan yara), monkeypox, da cowpox. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Bennett's Ka'idoji da Aiki na Cututtuka masu Cutar, Updatedaukaka Sabunta. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: babi na 135.