Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis cuta ce ta kwayan cuta da ake watsa ta cizon cizon yatsa.

Ehrlichiosis yana haifar da kwayoyin cuta wadanda suke cikin dangi wanda ake kira rickettsiae. Kwayar Rickettsial na haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani a duk duniya, ciki har da Rocky Mountain da aka gano da zazzaɓi da typhus. Duk wadannan cututtukan suna yaduwa ne ga dan adam ta hanyar cizon kaska, ko tsiro, ko cizon.

Masana kimiyya sun fara bayanin ehrlichiosis a 1990. Akwai nau'ikan cutar guda biyu a Amurka:

• Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) yana faruwa ne ta kwayoyin cuta na rickettsial Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
• Ehrlichiosis na ɗan adam (HGE) ana kuma kiransa ɗan adam anaplasmosis (HGA). Yana haifar da kwayar cutar rickettsial da ake kira Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Ehrlichia kwayoyin za a iya ɗauke ta:

• Kyankyasar Amurka
• Deer kaska (Ixodes scapularis), wanda kuma zai iya haifar da cutar Lyme
• Lone Star kaska

A Amurka, ana samun HME galibi a jihohin tsakiyar kudu da Kudu maso Gabas. Ana samun HGE galibi a arewa maso gabas da kuma Midwest na sama.

Abubuwan haɗari na ehrlichiosis sun haɗa da:

• Zama kusa da yanki mai yawan kaska
• Mallakar dabbar da zata kawo gida kaska
• Tafiya ko wasa a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi

Lokacin shiryawa tsakanin cizon kaska kuma lokacin da alamun ya faru kusan kwanaki 7 zuwa 14 ne.

Kwayar cutar na iya zama kamar mura (mura), kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon tsoka
• Ciwan

Sauran alamun bayyanar:

• Gudawa
• Yankuna masu girman kai masu zubda jini cikin fata (kurji na yara)
• Flat ja rash (maculopapular rash), wanda baƙon abu bane
• Jin ciwo na musamman (rashin lafiyar jiki)

Rashin kuzari yana bayyana a ƙasa da ɗaya bisa uku na shari'o'in. Wani lokaci, cutar na iya yin kuskure don zazzabi mai hangen nesa na Rocky Mountain, idan kumburin ya kasance. Alamun cutar sau da yawa marasa sauƙi ne, amma wasu lokuta mutane suna rashin lafiya sosai don ganin mai ba da kiwon lafiya.

Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya bincika alamunku masu mahimmanci, gami da:

• Ruwan jini
• Bugun zuciya
• Zazzabi

Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Tabon Granulocyte
• Gwajin kwayar cutar kai tsaye
• Polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) gwajin samfurin jini

Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi (tetracycline ko doxycycline) don magance cutar. Yara kada su sha tetracycline ta bakinsu har sai bayan duk haƙoransu na dindindin sun girma, saboda yana iya canza launin launin haƙora har abada. Doxycycline da ake amfani da shi na makonni 2 ko ƙasa da haka yawanci ba ya lalata haƙoran yaro na dindindin. Hakanan an yi amfani da Rifampin a cikin mutanen da ba za su iya jure wa doxycycline ba.

Ehrlichiosis ba safai yake saurin mutuwa ba. Tare da maganin rigakafi, mutane yawanci suna inganta tsakanin 24 zuwa 48 hours. Saukewa na iya ɗaukar sati 3.

Ba tare da magani ba, wannan kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da:

• Coma
• Mutuwa (ba safai ba)
• Lalacewar koda
• Lalacewar huhu
• Sauran lalacewar gabobi
• Kamawa

A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, cizon cizon yatsa zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta fiye da ɗaya (haɗuwa da ƙwayar cuta). Wannan saboda kaska na iya daukar nau'in kwayar halitta sama da daya. Biyu irin wannan cututtukan sune:

• Cutar Lyme
• Babesiosis, cuta mai kama da malaria

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun yi rashin lafiya bayan cizon cizon yatsan baya ko kuma idan kun kasance a wuraren da ake samun yawan ƙwayoyi Tabbatar da gaya wa mai ba ka sabis game da fitowar kaska.

Ehrlichiosis yana yaduwa ta cizon cizon. Yakamata a dauki matakan don hana cizon cizon,

• Sanye dogon wando da dogon hannu lokacin tafiya ta cikin babban goga, ciyawa mai tsayi, da kuma yankunan daji mai kauri.
• Sanya safa a bayan wando don hana cizon cizon ƙugu
• Rike rigar ka a cikin wando.
• Sanya tufafi masu launuka masu haske don a iya samun kaska cikin sauƙi.
• Fesa tufafinka da maganin kwari.
• Binciki tufafinku da fatarku sau da yawa yayin cikin daji.

Bayan dawowa gida:

• Cire tufafinku. Duba sosai a saman dukkan fata, gami da fatar kan mutum. Icksuɗaɗai na iya hawa da sauri tsawon jiki.
• Wasu kaska suna da girma kuma suna da saukin ganowa. Sauran kaska na iya zama kanana, don haka a hankali a kalli duk tabo ko launin ruwan kasa akan fatar.
• Idan za ta yiwu, nemi wani ya taimake ka ka binciki jikinka don cukurkudar.
• Ya kamata baligi ya bincika yara sosai.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa dole ne a sanya kaska a jikinka a kalla awanni 24 don haifar da cuta. Cire wuri zai iya hana kamuwa da cuta.

Idan kaska ta cije ka, rubuta kwanan wata da lokacin da cizon ya ci. Kawo wannan bayanin, tare da kaska (idan zai yiwu), ga mai baka idan ka kamu da rashin lafiya.

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis; HME; Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; HGE; Anaplasmosis na granulocytic na mutum; HGA

• Ehrlichiosis
• Antibodies

Dumler JS, Walker DH. Ehrlichia chaffeensis (ɗan adam monocytotropic ehrlichiosis), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (mutum granulocytotropic anaplasmosis), da sauran anaplasmataceae. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 192.

Fournier PE, Raoult D. Rickettsial cututtuka. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 311.