Audiometry

Gwajin gwajin jiyo sauti yana gwada ikon jin sautina. Sauti ya banbanta, gwargwadon ƙarfin su (ƙarfin su) da saurin sautin motsi da sautin (sautin).

Jin yana faruwa yayin da igiyar sauti ke motsa jijiyoyin kunnen ciki. Sautin sannan yana tafiya tare da hanyoyin jijiyoyi zuwa kwakwalwa.

Sautin raƙuman ruwa na iya tafiya zuwa cikin kunnen ciki ta cikin bututun kunne, kunnen kunne, da ƙasusuwa na tsakiyar kunne (isarwar iska) Hakanan zasu iya wucewa ta ƙasusuwan da ke kusa da bayan kunne (gudanarwar kashi).

An auna GASKIYAR sauti a cikin decibels (dB):

• Waswasi kusan 20 dB ne.
• Kiɗa mai ƙarfi (wasu kide kide) yana kusan 80 zuwa 120 dB.
• Injin jet yana da kimanin 140 zuwa 180 dB.

Sauti sama da 85 dB na iya haifar da rashin jin magana bayan afteran awanni. Sauti mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da ciwo nan take, kuma rashin jin magana na iya haɓaka cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Ana auna Sautin sauti a cikin zagaye na dakika (cps) ko Hertz:

• Onesananan sautunan bass suna kewaye da 50 zuwa 60 Hz.
• Shrill, sautunan da aka ɗaga sama sunkai 10,000 Hz ko mafi girma.

Matsakaicin yanayin jin ɗan adam kusan 20 zuwa 20,000 Hz. Wasu dabbobin zasu iya jin har zuwa Hz 50,000. Jawabin mutum yawanci 500 zuwa 3,000 Hz.

Mai kula da lafiyar ku na iya gwada jin ku tare da gwaje-gwaje masu sauƙi waɗanda za a iya yi a ofis. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da kammala tambayoyin da sauraron raɗaɗin muryoyi, kunna cokula masu yatsu, ko sautuna daga yanayin gwajin kunne.

Gwajin fork na musamman da aka gyara zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance nau'in rashin ji. Ana buga cokali mai yatsa kuma ana riƙe shi a cikin iska a kowane gefen kai don gwada ikon ji ta hanyar tashar iska. Ana buga shi kuma a sanya shi a kan ƙashin bayan kowane kunne (ƙashi na mastoid) don gwada huhun ƙashi.

Gwajin gwaji na yau da kullun na iya ba da ƙarin ma'auni na jin. Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje da yawa:

• Gwajin sautin mai tsabta (sautin sauti) - Don wannan gwajin, kuna sa belun kunne haɗe da na'urar awo. Ana kawo sautunan tsarkakakke na takamaiman mita da ƙarar zuwa kunne ɗaya lokaci ɗaya. Ana tambayarka don yin sigina lokacin da ka ji sauti. Graaramar volumeara da ake buƙata don jin kowace sautin an yi rubutu. An sanya na'urar da ake kira oscillator na kashi a kan kashin mastoid don gwada lakar kasusuwa.
• Kayan magana na sauti - Wannan yana gwada ikon ku na ganowa da maimaita kalmomin da aka faɗi a juzu'i daban-daban da aka ji ta saitin kai.
• Imetmit na Immittance - Wannan gwajin yana auna aikin duriyar kunne da kwararar sauti ta tsakiyar kunne. Ana saka bincike a cikin kunne kuma ana huda iska ta ciki don canza matsin lamba a cikin kunnen yayin da ake samar da sautuna. Makirufo yana lura da yadda ake gudanar da sauti a cikin kunne ƙarƙashin matsi daban-daban.

Babu matakai na musamman da ake buƙata.

Babu rashin jin daɗi. Tsawon lokacin ya bambanta. Binciken farko na iya ɗaukar minti 5 zuwa 10. Cikakken tsarin jiyo sauti na iya ɗaukar awa 1.

Wannan gwajin zai iya gano matsalar rashin sauraro a matakin farko. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi lokacin da kake samun matsalolin ji daga kowane dalili.

Sakamako na al'ada sun haɗa da:

• Toarfin jin raɗa, magana ta yau da kullun, da agogo mai ƙwanƙwasa al'ada ce.
• Ikon jin cokali mai yatsan iska da kashi daidai ne.
• A cikin cikakkun bayanai na sauti, sauraro na al'ada ne idan zaka iya jin sautuna daga 250 zuwa 8,000 Hz a 25 dB ko ƙasa.

Akwai nau'ikan da digiri iri-iri na rashin jin magana. A cikin wasu nau'ikan, kawai kuna rasa ikon jin sautuka masu ƙarfi ko ƙasa, ko kuma kuna rasa iska ne kawai ko gudanar da ƙashi. Rashin jin sautin sautikan ƙasa da 25 dB yana nuna ɗan rashin jin magana.

Adadin da nau'in rashin jin zai iya ba da alamun dalilin, da kuma damar dawo da jinku.

Yanayi masu zuwa na iya shafar sakamakon gwajin:

• Neuroma mara kyau
• Coaramar tashin hankali daga tsawa mai ƙarfi ko sauti mai ƙarfi
• Rashin ji na shekaru
• Ciwon Alport
• Cututtukan kunne na kullum
• Labyrinthitis
• Cutar Ménière
• Cigaba da bayyana ga amo mai ƙarfi, kamar a wurin aiki ko kuma daga kiɗa
• Ciwan ƙashi mara kyau a cikin kunnen tsakiya, wanda ake kira otosclerosis
• Ruptured ko perforated kunne

Babu haɗari.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya amfani dasu don ƙayyade yadda ingancin kunnen ciki da hanyoyin kwakwalwa suke aiki. Ofayan waɗannan shine gwajin fitowar otoacoustic (OAE) wanda yake gano sautunan da kunnuwan ciki suka bayar yayin amsa sautin. Ana yin wannan gwajin a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin haihuwa. Ana iya yin shugaban MRI don taimakawa wajen gano rashin jin magana saboda ƙarancin jijiya neuroma.

Audiometry; Gwajin ji; Sauti (audiogramgram)

• Ciwon kunne

Amundsen GA. Audiometry. A cikin: Fowler GC, ed. Hanyoyin Pfenninger da Fowler don Kulawa da Firamare. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 59.

Kileny PR, Zwolan TA, Slager HK. Binciken ilimin jiji da ilimin kimiya na ilimin ji da sauraro. A cikin: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 134.

Lew HL, Tanaka C, Hirohata E, Goodrich GL. Sauraro, vestibular, da nakasa gani. A cikin: Cifu DX, ed. Braddom ta Magungunan Jiki & Gyarawa. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 50.