Ciwon zazzaɓi

Rheumatic zazzabi cuta ce da ke iya faruwa bayan kamuwa da cuta tare da rukunin A streptococcus kwayoyin (kamar su maƙogwaron makogwaro ko jan zazzabi). Zai iya haifar da ciwo mai tsanani a cikin zuciya, haɗin gwiwa, fata, da kwakwalwa.

Ciwon zazzaɓi har yanzu ya zama gama gari a ƙasashe waɗanda ke da talauci da tsarin kiwon lafiya mara kyau. Ba kasafai yake faruwa a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu ci gaba ba. Lokacin da zazzabin rheumatic ya faru a Amurka, galibi galibi yana cikin ƙananan annoba. Cutar da ta barke a Amurka ita ce a cikin 1980s.

Zazzabin Rheumatic yana faruwa ne bayan kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayar cuta da ake kira Streptococcus lafiyar jiki ko rukunin A streptococcus. Wannan kwayar cutar tana bayyana ne don yaudarar tsarin garkuwar jiki da afkawa cikin kyallen takarda a jiki. Wadannan kyallen sun zama kumbura ko kumbura.

Wannan mummunan halin da ake yi kamar kusan yana faruwa ne koyaushe tare da makogwaro ko jan zazzabi. Strep cututtukan da suka shafi wasu sassan jiki ba ze haifar da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi ba.

Cutar zazzabi mai zafi ta fi shafar yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 15 waɗanda suka sami makogwaro ko kuma jan zazzabi. Idan ya faru, yana tasowa kimanin kwanaki 14 zuwa 28 bayan waɗannan cututtukan.

Kwayar cututtuka na iya shafar tsarin da yawa a cikin jiki. Janar bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzaɓi
• Hancin Hanci
• Jin zafi a ciki
• Matsalar zuciya, wacce wataƙila ba ta da alamomi, ko kuma na iya haifar da karancin numfashi da ciwon kirji

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin gidajen abinci na iya:

• Sanadin ciwo, kumburi, ja, da dumi
• Mafi mahimmanci faruwa a gwiwoyi, gwiwar hannu, ƙafafun kafa, da wuyan hannu
• Canja ko motsa daga ɗayan haɗin gwiwa zuwa wani

Hakanan canje-canje na fata na iya faruwa, kamar:

• Mai kama da zobe ko zafin nama kamar na maciji a jikin akwatin da kuma na sama na hannaye ko kafafu
• Kullun fata ko nodules

Yanayin da ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa da tsarin juyayi, wanda ake kira Sydenham chorea na iya faruwa. Kwayar cututtuka na wannan yanayin sune:

• Rashin ikon motsin rai, tare da yawan kuka na ban dariya ko dariya
• Sauri, motsin motsi wanda yafi shafar fuska, ƙafa, da hannaye

Mai ba da lafiyarku zai bincika ku kuma zai bincika sautunan zuciyarku, fata, da haɗin gwiwa a hankali.

Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin jini don sake kamuwa da cutar strep (kamar gwajin ASO)
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Lantarki (ECG)
• Yawan kumbura (ESR - gwajin da ke auna kumburi a jiki)

Abubuwa da dama da ake kira manya da ƙananan sharuɗɗa sun ɓullo don taimakawa wajen binciko zazzabin rheumatic a cikin daidaitacciyar hanya.

Babban mahimman ka'idoji don ganewar asali sun haɗa da:

• Arthritis a cikin manyan gidajen abinci
• Zafin zuciya
• Nodules a karkashin fata
• Sauri, ƙungiyoyi masu motsa jiki (chorea, Sydenham chorea)
• Rushewar fata

Minorananan ka'idoji sun haɗa da:

• Zazzaɓi
• Babban ESR
• Hadin gwiwa
• ECG mara kyau

Wataƙila za a gano ku tare da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi idan kun:

• Haɗu da manyan ƙa'idodi guda 2, ko manyan sharuɗɗa 1 da ƙananan ka'idoji
• Yi alamun cutar strep da ta gabata

Idan ku ko yaranku sun kamu da cutar zazzabin rheumatic za a kula da ku tare da maganin rigakafi. Manufar wannan magani shine cire duk ƙwayoyin cuta daga jiki.

Bayan an gama jiyya ta farko, an sanya karin maganin rigakafi. Manufar wadannan magunguna ita ce ta hana zazzaɓin zazzaɓi ya sake faruwa.

• Duk yara zasu ci gaba da maganin rigakafin har zuwa shekara 21.
• Matasa da matasa zasu buƙaci shan maganin rigakafi na aƙalla shekaru 5.

Idan ku ko yaranku kuna da matsalar zuciya lokacin da zazzabin rheumatic ya faru, ana iya buƙatar maganin rigakafi har ma fiye da haka, wataƙila don rai.

Don taimakawa sarrafa kumburin kyallen takarda a lokacin tsananin zazzabin rheumatic, ana iya buƙatar magunguna kamar aspirin ko corticosteroids.

Don matsaloli tare da ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari ko halayen al'ada, ana iya ba da magungunan sau da yawa waɗanda ake amfani dasu don kula da kamuwa da cuta.

Ciwon zazzaɓi na iya haifar da mummunar matsalar zuciya da lalacewar zuciya.

Matsalar zuciya na dogon lokaci na iya faruwa, kamar:

• Lalacewa ga bawul na zuciya. Wannan lalacewar na iya haifar da zubewa a cikin bawul na zuciya ko takaitawa wanda ke jinkirta gudan jini ta bawul din.
• Lalacewa ga tsokar zuciya.
• Ajiyar zuciya.
• Kamuwa da cuta daga rufin cikin zuciyar ka (endocarditis).
• Kumbura daga cikin membrane a kewayen zuciya (pericarditis).
• Bugun zuciya wanda yake da sauri da rashin ƙarfi.
• Sydenham chorea.

Kirawo mai ba da sabis idan ku ko yaranku sun kamu da alamun cutar zazzaɓi. Saboda wasu yanayi da yawa suna da alamun bayyanar, kai ko ɗanka zai buƙaci kimantawar likita sosai.

Idan alamomin ciwan wuya sun faɗi, gaya wa mai ba ka. Ku ko yaranku za su buƙaci a bincika su kuma a yi musu magani idan maƙogwaron hanji ya kasance. Wannan zai rage haɗarin kamuwa da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi.

Hanya mafi mahimmanci don hana zazzaɓin zazzaɓi ita ce ta hanyar samun saurin maganin makogwaro da jan zazzabi.

Streptococcus - zazzabin rheumatic; Strep makogwaro - rheumatic zazzabi; Streptococcus pyogenes - zazzabin rheumatic; Rukunin A streptococcus - zazzabin rheumatic

Carr MR, Shulman ST. Ciwon zuciya na cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 465.

Mayosi BM. Ciwon zazzaɓi. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 74.

Shulman ST, Jaggi P. Rashin tallafi poststreptococcal sequelae: zazzabin rheumatic da glomerulonephritis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 198.

Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Hagman MM. Rashin kamuwa da cututtukan streptococcal da zazzaɓin rheumatic. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 274.