Brain tumo - na farko - manya

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta farko rukuni ne (ɗumbin) ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke farawa a cikin kwakwalwa.

Cutar marmarin kwakwalwa na farko sun hada da duk wani ciwan da ya fara a kwakwalwa. Cutar marmari na farko na iya farawa daga ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, membran da ke kewaye da ƙwaƙwalwa (meninges), jijiyoyi, ko gland.

Tumor na iya lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa kai tsaye. Hakanan zasu iya lalata kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar samar da kumburi, sanya matsi a wasu sassan kwakwalwa, da kuma kara matsi a cikin kwanyar.

Ba a san musabbabin cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar farko ba. Akwai dalilai masu haɗari da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taka rawa:

• Radiation wanda ake amfani dashi don magance cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar yana ƙara haɗarin ciwan ƙwaƙwalwar har zuwa shekaru 20 ko 30 daga baya.
• Wasu yanayin da aka gada sun kara barazanar cututtukan kwakwalwa, ciki har da neurofibromatosis, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, da Turcot syndrome.
• Lymphomas da ke farawa a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin mutane masu rauni a garkuwar jiki wani lokaci suna da alaƙa da kamuwa da cutar ta Epstein-Barr virus.

Waɗannan ba su tabbatar da haɗarin haɗari ba:

• Bayyanawa ga jujjuyawar aiki, ko layukan wutar lantarki, wayoyin hannu, wayoyi marasa waya, ko na'urorin mara waya
• Raunin kai
• Shan taba
• Hormone far

NAZARI NAUYI NA TUMORI

Brain marurai suna classified dangane da:

• Matsayi na ƙari
• Nau'in nama da ke ciki
• Ko suna marasa ciwo (marasa lafiya) ko masu cutar kansa (m)
• Sauran dalilai

Wani lokaci, ciwace-ciwacen daji waɗanda ke farawa da rashin ƙarfi na iya canza halayyar ɗabi'unsu kuma su zama masu rikici.

Tumor na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma yawancin nau'ikan sun fi yawa a cikin wani rukunin shekaru. A cikin manya, gliomas da meningiomas sun fi kowa.

Gliomas sun fito ne daga kwayoyin glial kamar su astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, da kuma ependymal cells. Gliomas ya kasu kashi uku:

• Ciwon ƙwayar astrocytic sun haɗa da astrocytomas (na iya zama marasa ciwo), astrocytomas anaplastic, da glioblastomas.
• Oligodendroglial kumburi. Wasu cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na farko sun kasance duka na astrocytic da oligodendrocytic ƙari. Wadannan ana kiransu hade gliomas.
• Glioblastomas sune mafi girman nau'in cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Meningiomas da schwannomas wasu nau'ikan ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa ne guda biyu. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen daji:

• Yana faruwa sau da yawa tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 70.
• Yawanci ba su da cutar, amma har yanzu suna iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu tsanani da mutuwa daga girmansu ko wurin da suke. Wasu suna da cutar kansa da kuma tashin hankali.

Sauran cututtukan kwakwalwa na farko a cikin manya ba safai ba. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Tsaka-tsakin
• Craniopharyngiomas
• Ciwon daji na Pituitary
• Na farko (tsarin kulawa na tsakiya - CNS) lymphoma
• Pineal gland shine ƙari
• Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kwakwalwa

Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ba sa haifar da alamomi har sai sun yi girma sosai. Sauran ciwace-ciwacen suna da alamomin ci gaba a hankali.

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da girman kumburin, wurin, da yadda ya yadu, da kuma ko akwai kumburin kwakwalwa. Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka sune:

• Canje-canje a cikin aikin tunanin mutum
• Ciwon kai
• Karkarwa (musamman a cikin tsofaffi)
• Rauni a wani sashi na jiki

Ciwon kai da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa ke haifarwa na iya:

• Kasance mafi munin lokacin da mutumin ya farka da safe, kuma ya share bayan aan awanni
• Yana faruwa yayin bacci
• Ya faru da amai, rikicewa, hangen nesa biyu, rauni, ko suma
• Ci gaba da zama mara kyau tare da tari ko motsa jiki, ko tare da canjin yanayin jiki

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Canji a faɗakarwa (gami da bacci, sumewa, da suma)
• Canje-canje a ji, dandano, ko ƙanshi
• Canje-canjen da suka shafi taɓawa da ikon jin zafi, matsin lamba, yanayin zafi daban-daban, ko wasu abubuwan motsa jiki
• Rikicewa ko asarar ƙwaƙwalwa
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Matsalar rubutu ko karatu
• Rashin hankali ko motsin rai mara kyau (vertigo)
• Matsalolin ido kamar faɗuwar fatar ido, ɗalibai masu girma dabam, motsin ido wanda ba za a iya shawo kansa ba, matsalolin hangen nesa (gami da rage gani, gani biyu, ko rashin gani gaba ɗaya)
• Girgiza hannu
• Rashin iko akan mafitsara ko hanji
• Rashin daidaituwa ko daidaituwa, rikicewa, wahala tafiya
• Raunin jijiyoyi a fuska, hannu, ko kafa (yawanci a gefe ɗaya kawai)
• Jin ƙyama ko ƙwanƙwasawa a gefe ɗaya na jiki
• Yanayi, yanayi, halayya, ko canje-canje na motsin rai
• Matsalar magana ko fahimtar wasu da suke magana

Sauran alamun cututtukan da zasu iya faruwa tare da ciwon ƙwayar cuta:

• Fitar ruwan nono mara kyau
• Rashin jinin haila (lokaci)
• Ci gaban nono a cikin maza
• Fadada hannaye, ƙafa
• Yawan gashin jiki
• Canje-canje na fuska
• Pressureananan hawan jini
• Kiba
• Hankali ga zafi ko sanyi

Gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa na iya tabbatar da kasancewar ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa kuma gano inda take:

• CT scan na kai
• EEG (don auna aikin wutar lantarki na kwakwalwa)
• Binciken nama da aka cire daga ƙari a lokacin aikin tiyata ko biopsy mai shiryarwa (na iya tabbatar da irin ƙwayar cutar)
• Bincike na ruwan jijiyar kwakwalwa (CSF) (na iya nuna ƙwayoyin kansa
• MRI na kai

Yin jiyya na iya haɗawa da tiyata, maganin fuka-fuka, da kuma maganin cutar sankara. Tumwararriyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar aukuwa a nan gaba za ta fi dacewa ta hanyar ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi

• Neuro-oncologist
• Neurosurgeon
• Masanin ilimin likita na ilimin likita
• Radiation oncologist
• Sauran masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya, kamar su likitocin jijiyoyi da ma'aikatan zamantakewar jama'a

Yin magani na farko yakan inganta damar kyakkyawan sakamako. Jiyya ya dogara da girma da nau'in ƙari da lafiyar lafiyar ku. Manufofin magani na iya zama don warkar da ƙari, sauƙaƙe alamomi, da inganta aikin kwakwalwa ko jin daɗi.

Sau da yawa ana buƙatar aikin tiyata don yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na farko. Wasu ciwace ciwace na iya cirewa gaba daya. Waɗanda suke cikin zurfin cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ko kuma waɗanda suka shiga cikin ƙwayar kwakwalwa ana iya lalata ta maimakon cirewa. Debulking hanya ce don rage girman kumburin.

Tumor na iya zama da wuya a cire shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata shi kaɗai. Wannan saboda ciwon kansa ya mamaye ƙwayar kwakwalwar da ke kewaye da shi kamar tushen daga tsiron da ya bazu a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da ba za a iya cire kumburin ba, tiyata na iya taimakawa rage matsa lamba da sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka.

Ana amfani da maganin kashe haske don wasu ciwace-ciwace.

Ana iya amfani da Chemotherapy tare da tiyata ko magani na radiation.

Sauran magunguna da ake amfani dasu don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa na farko a cikin yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Magunguna don rage kumburin kwakwalwa da matsin lamba
• Anticonvulsants don rage kamuwa
• Magungunan ciwo

Ana iya buƙatar matakan ta'aziyya, matakan lafiya, warkarwa ta jiki, da warkarwa na sana'a don haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa. Shawara, kungiyoyin tallafi, da makamantan wannan matakan na iya taimaka wa mutane su shawo kan matsalar.

Kuna iya yin la'akari da yin rajista a cikin gwajin asibiti bayan magana da ƙungiyar kulawarku.

Matsalolin da zasu iya haifar da ciwan kwakwalwa sun hada da:

• Bayanin kwakwalwa (sau da yawa na mutuwa)
• Rashin ikon hulɗa ko aiki
• Dindindin, damuwa, da mummunan hasarar aikin kwakwalwa
• Komawa daga ci gaban tumo
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna, gami da chemotherapy
• Sakamakon sakamako na jiyya na radiation

Kira wa masu ba ku sabis idan kun ci gaba da kowane sabon, ci gaba da ciwon kai ko wasu alamun cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis ko ku je dakin gaggawa idan kun fara kamuwa, ko kuma kwatsam ba zato ba tsammani (rage faɗakarwa), sauyin hangen nesa, ko sauya magana.

Glioblastoma multiforme - manya; Ependymoma - manya; Glioma - manya; Astrocytoma - manya; Medulloblastoma - manya; Neuroglioma - manya; Oligodendroglioma - manya; Lymphoma - manya; Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) - manya; Meningioma - manya; Ciwon daji - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (manya)

• Brain radiation - fitarwa
• Yin tiyatar kwakwalwa - fitarwa
• Chemotherapy - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Radiation far - tambayoyi don tambayi likitan ku
• Yin aikin tiyata na stereotactic - fitarwa

• Ciwon kwakwalwa

Dorsey JF, Salinas RD, Dang M, et al. Ciwon daji na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 63.

Michaud DS. Epidemiology na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 71.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Adult tsakiya juyayi tsarin ciwace-ciwacen jiyya (PDQ) - ƙwararren ƙwararren kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/adult-brain-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Janairu 22, 2020. An shiga Mayu 12, 2020.

Yanar gizo Yanar Gizon Cutar Kanjamau ta Kasa. NCCN Sharuɗɗan icalabi'ar Gudanar da Kiwon Lafiya a kan Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na tsakiya. Sigar 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cns.pdf. An sabunta Afrilu 30, 2020. An shiga Mayu 12, 2020.