Gwajin allo sau huɗu

Gwajin allon sau huɗu shine gwajin jini da aka yi yayin ɗaukar ciki don tantance ko jaririn na cikin haɗarin wasu lahani na haihuwa.

Ana yin wannan gwajin a tsakanin makonni 15 da 22 na ciki. Ya zama daidai tsakanin makonni 16 da 18.

Ana daukar samfurin jini a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji.

Gwajin ya auna matakan matakan hormones 4 na ciki:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), furotin da jariri ya samar
• Chorionic ɗan adam gonadotropin (hCG), wani hormone da aka samar a cikin mahaifa
• Unconjugated estriol (uE3), wani nau'i ne na estrogen wanda aka samar a cikin tayi da mahaifa
• Inhibin A, wani hormone da mahaifa ta fitar

Idan gwajin bai auna matakan inhibin A ba, ana kiran shi gwajin allo sau uku.

Don ƙayyade damar jaririn ku da nakasar haihuwa, gwajin kuma dalilai ne a:

• Shekarunka
• Asalinku
• Nauyin ki
• Lokacin haihuwar jaririnka (wanda aka auna a makonni daga ranar da ta gabata zuwa kwanan wata)

Babu matakai na musamman da ake buƙata don shirya don gwajin. Kuna iya ci ko sha kullum kafin gwajin.

Kuna iya jin ɗan zafi ko harbi idan aka saka allurar. Hakanan zaka iya jin bugun jini a wurin bayan jinin ya ɗiba.

Ana yin gwajin ne don gano ko jaririn na iya kasancewa cikin haɗari ga wasu lahani na haihuwa, kamar su ciwo na Down da lahani na haihuwa na ɓangaren kashin baya da ƙwaƙwalwa (wanda ake kira larurar bututun neural) Wannan gwajin gwajin gwaji ne, don haka baya tantance matsaloli.

Wasu mata suna cikin haɗarin haihuwar ɗa da waɗannan lahani, gami da:

• Matan da suka haura shekaru 35 yayin haihuwa
• Mata masu shan insulin don magance ciwon suga
• Mata masu tarihin iyali na lahani na haihuwa

Matakan al'ada na AFP, hCG, uE3, da inhibin A.

Jeri na darajar yau da kullun na iya ɗan bambanta kaɗan tsakanin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Yi magana da mai baka kiwon lafiya game da ma'anar takamaiman sakamakon gwajin ka.

Sakamakon gwajin da ba na al'ada ba BA yana nufin cewa lallai jaririn yana da nakasar haihuwa. Yawancin lokaci, sakamakon na iya zama na al'ada idan jaririnku ya girmi ko ƙarancin shekaru fiye da yadda mai ba ku sabis yayi tsammani.

Idan kuna da sakamako mara kyau, zaku sami wani duban dan tayi don duba shekarun jaririn da ke tasowa.

Arin gwaje-gwaje da shawara na iya bada shawarar idan duban dan tayi ya nuna matsala. Koyaya, wasu mutane sun zaɓi kada a sake yin wasu gwaje-gwaje, don dalilai na kansu ko na addini. Mataki mai yiwuwa matakai na gaba sun haɗa da:

• Amniocentesis, wanda ke duba matakin AFP a cikin ruwan ruwan ciki da ke kewaye da jaririn. Ana iya yin gwajin kwayar halittar akan ruwan amniotic din da aka cire don gwajin.
• Gwaje-gwajen don gano ko kore wasu lahani na haihuwa (kamar Down syndrome).
• Shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.
• Duban dan tayi don duba kwakwalwar jariri, laka, kodan, da zuciya.

A lokacin daukar ciki, karin matakan AFP na iya zama saboda matsala tare da jariri mai tasowa, gami da:

• Rashin rashi wani bangare na kwakwalwa da kokon kai (anencephaly)
• Cutar a cikin hanjin jariri ko wasu gabobin da ke kusa (kamar su duodenal atresia)
• Mutuwar jariri a cikin mahaifar (yawanci yakan haifar da zubar da ciki)
• Spina bifida (lahani na kashin baya)
• Tetralogy na Fallot (nakasar zuciya)
• Ciwon Turner (nakasar kwayoyin halitta)

Babban AFP na iya nufin cewa kuna ɗauke da jariri sama da 1.

Levelsananan matakan AFP da estriol da manyan matakan hCG da inhibin A na iya zama saboda matsala kamar:

• Rashin ciwo na ƙasa (trisomy 21)
• Ciwon Edwards (trisomy 18)

Allon mai rubbi huɗu na iya samun sakamako mara kyau-na ƙarya da na ƙarya (ko da yake yana da ɗan daidai fiye da allo sau uku). Ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da sakamako mara kyau.

Idan gwajin bai zama al'ada ba, kuna iya buƙatar yin magana da mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta.

Yan hudu; Mahara alamar nunawa; AFP da; Gwajin allo sau uku; AFP mahaifiya; MSAFP; 4-alamar alama; Rashin ciwo - sau hudu; Trisomy 21 - sau hudu; Ciwon Turner - sau huɗu; Spina bifida - sau hudu; Tetralogy - hudu; Duodenal atresia - sau huɗu; Shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta - hudu; Alpha-fetoprotein din hudu; Chorionic chorionic na mutum - sau huɗu; hCG - hudu; Ba a haɗa shi da estriol - quadruple; uE3 - sau hudu; Ciki - hudu; Launin haihuwa - sau huɗu; Gwajin alama huɗu; Quad gwajin; Allon alama huɗu

• Quadruple allo

ACOG Yi Bulletin A'a. 162: Gwajin gwajin haihuwa don cututtukan kwayoyin halitta. Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 127 (5): e108-e122. PMID: 26938573 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26938573/.

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Wapner RJ, Dugoff L. Ciwon haifuwa na cututtukan ciki. A cikin: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Creasy da Resnik na Maganin Uwar-Gida: Ka'idoji da Ayyuka. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 32.

Williams DE, Pridjian G. Obstetrics. A cikin: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Littafin karatun Magungunan Iyali. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 20.