Hawan jini a jarirai

Hawan jini (hauhawar jini) shine ƙaruwa cikin ƙarfin jini akan jijiyoyin cikin jiki. Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan hawan jini a jarirai.

Ruwan jini yana auna yadda zuciya take aiki, da kuma yadda jijiyoyin suke lafiya. Akwai lambobi biyu a kowane ma'aunin karfin jini:

• Lambar farko (ta sama) ita ce hawan jini, wanda yake auna karfin jini da aka saki lokacin da zuciya ta buga.
• Lambar ta biyu (ta ƙasa) ita ce matsin lamba na diastolic, wanda ke auna matsin lamba a cikin jijiyoyin lokacin da zuciya ta huta.

An rubuta ma'aunin karfin jini kamar haka: 120/80. Oraya ko duka waɗannan lambobin na iya zama da yawa.

Abubuwa da yawa sun shafi karfin jini, gami da:

• Hormones
• Lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
• Kiwan lafiya

Hawan jini a cikin jarirai na iya kasancewa ne saboda cutar koda ko ta zuciya wanda ke kasancewa a lokacin haihuwa (na haihuwa). Misalai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Cutar narkar da jijiyoyin jiki (takaita babban jijiyoyin zuciya da ake kira aorta)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (jijiyoyin jini tsakanin aorta da jijiyar jijiya wanda ya kamata ya rufe bayan haihuwa, amma ya kasance a buɗe)
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (yanayin huhu da ke shafar jarirai jarirai waɗanda ko dai an saka su a kan injin numfashi bayan haihuwa ko kuma an haife su da wuri)
• Ciwon koda wanda ya shafi kayan koda
• Enalunƙarar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (ƙuntataccen babban jijiyoyin jini na koda)

A cikin jarirai sabbin haihuwa, hawan jini galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon daskarewar jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini na koda, rikitarwa na samun katakon maganin jijiya.

Sauran dalilan hawan jini a jarirai na iya haɗawa da:

• Wasu magunguna
• Bayyanawa ga haramtattun magunguna kamar su hodar iblis
• Wasu ƙari
• Yanayin gado (matsalolin da ke faruwa cikin iyalai)
• Matsalar thyroid

Hawan jini yana tashi yayin da jariri ya girma. Matsakaicin karfin jini a jariri shine 64/41. Matsakaicin hawan jini a cikin yaro dan wata 1 zuwa shekara 2 shine 95/58. Yana da al'ada don waɗannan lambobin su bambanta.

Yawancin jariran da ke da cutar hawan jini ba za su sami alamun cutar ba. Madadin haka, alamomin na iya zama alaƙa da yanayin da ke haifar da hawan jini. Wadannan alamun na iya haɗawa da:

• Fata ta Bluish
• Rashin yin girma da kuma yin kiba
• Yawan cututtukan fitsari
• Fata mai haske (mai launi)
• Saurin numfashi

Kwayar cututtukan da za su iya bayyana idan jariri yana da hawan jini sosai sun hada da:

• Rashin fushi
• Kamawa
• Matsalar numfashi
• Amai

A mafi yawan lokuta, alamar kawai ta hawan jini ita ce auna karfin jini da kanta.

Alamomin hawan jini sun hada da:

• Ajiyar zuciya
• Rashin koda
• Gudun bugun jini

Ana auna karfin jini a jarirai da na’urar atomatik.

Idan coarctation na aorta ne musabbabin, za'a iya rage bugun jini ko hawan jini a kafafu. Za'a iya jin ƙarar idan bawul aortic bawul ya auku tare da haɓakar.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da ake yi wa jarirai masu hawan jini za su yi kokarin gano musabbabin matsalar. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin gwaje-gwaje, gami da gwajin jini da na fitsari
• X-ray na kirji ko ciki
• Ultrasound, gami da duban dan tayi na zuciya mai aiki (echocardiogram) da kodan
• MRI na jijiyoyin jini
• Nau'in x-ray na musamman wanda ke amfani da fenti don kallon jijiyoyin jini (angiography)

Maganin ya dogara da dalilin hawan jini a cikin jariri. Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Dialysis don magance gazawar koda
• Magunguna don rage hawan jini ko taimakawa bugun zuciya da kyau
• Yin aikin tiyata (gami da tiyata dasawa ko kuma gyaran coarctation)

Yaya kyau da jariri yayi ya dogara da dalilin hawan jini da wasu dalilai kamar:

• Sauran matsalolin lafiya a cikin jariri
• Ko lalacewa (kamar lalacewar koda) ya faru ne sakamakon cutar hawan jini

Rashin magani, cutar hawan jini na iya haifar da:

• Rashin zuciya ko koda
• Lalacewar kwayoyin halitta
• Kamawa

Kira mai kula da lafiyar ku idan jaririn ku:

• Kasa yin girma da kuma yin kiba
• Yana da fata mai laushi
• Yana da cututtukan fitsari a koda yaushe
• Da alama m
• Taya a saukake

Yourauki jaririnka zuwa sashen gaggawa idan jaririnka:

• Yana da kamuwa
• Ba ya amsawa
• Amai ne kullum

Wasu dalilan cutar hawan jini suna gudana ne cikin dangi. Yi magana da mai baka kafin kayi ciki idan kana da tarihin iyali na:

• Cutar cututtukan zuciya
• Hawan jini
• Ciwon koda

Har ila yau, yi magana da mai ba da sabis kafin yin ciki idan ka sha magani don matsalar lafiya. Bayyanawa ga wasu kwayoyi a cikin mahaifa na iya ƙara haɗarin jaririn ku na matsalolin matsaloli waɗanda zasu iya haifar da hawan jini.

Hauhawar jini - jarirai

• Katakon bututun mahaifa
• Coarctation na aorta

Flynn JT. Ciwan jini na jarirai. A cikin: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Cututtukan Avery na Jariri. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 93.

Macumber IR, Flynn JT. Hauhawar jini A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 472.

Sinha MD, Reid C. hauhawar jini. A cikin: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, eds. Anderson na Ilimin Lafiyar Yara. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 60.