Alurar rigakafin farko ta yaro

Ana ɗaukar dukkan abubuwan da ke ƙasa gaba ɗaya daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) Bayanin bayanin rigakafin rigakafin Yaronku na Farko (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. Shafin karshe an sabunta: Afrilu 1, 2020.

ABIN DA YA KAMATA KA SANI

Alurar rigakafin da aka haɗa a kan wannan bayanin ana iya bayar da su a lokaci ɗaya yayin ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya. Akwai Bayanin Bayanai na Rigakafi na daban don wasu rigakafin waɗanda suma ana ba da shawara akai-akai ga yara ƙanana (kyanda, kumburin hanji, rubella, varicella, rotavirus, mura, da hepatitis A).

Yaronku yana karɓar waɗannan alurar rigakafin a yau:

[] DTaP

[] Hib

[] Ciwon hanta na B

[] Cutar shan inna

[] PCV13

(Mai Ba da: Duba akwatunan da suka dace)

1. Me yasa ake yin rigakafi?

Alurar riga kafi na iya hana cutar. Yawancin cututtukan da ke rigakafin rigakafin ba su da yawa fiye da yadda suke, amma wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan har yanzu suna faruwa a Amurka. Lokacin da yara ƙalilan ke yin rigakafin, jarirai da yawa suna yin rashin lafiya.

Diphtheria, tetanus, da kuma pertussis

Diphtheria (D) na iya haifar da wahalar numfashi, gazawar zuciya, shan inna, ko mutuwa.

Tetanus (T) yana haifar da tsananin jijiyoyi. Tetanus na iya haifar da mummunar matsalar lafiya, gami da rashin buɗe baki, samun matsalar haɗiyewa da numfashi, ko mutuwa.

Pertussis (aP), wanda aka fi sani da "tari mai tsauri," na iya haifar da tari mara ƙarfi, wanda ke sa numfashi da wuya, ci, ko sha. Pertussis na iya zama mai tsananin gaske ga jarirai da yara ƙanana, yana haifar da ciwon huhu, karkarwa, lalacewar kwakwalwa, ko mutuwa. A cikin matasa da manya, yana iya haifar da asarar nauyi, asarar iko na mafitsara, wucewa, da kuma karaya da haƙarƙari daga tsananin tari.

Hib (Haemophilus mura irin b) cuta

Haemophilus mura nau'in b na iya haifar da nau'ikan cututtuka daban-daban. Wadannan cututtukan sukan shafi yara yan kasa da shekaru 5. Kwayar Hib na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai sauƙi, kamar cututtukan kunne ko mashako, ko kuma suna iya haifar da mummunar cuta, kamar cututtukan hanyoyin jini. Ciwon ƙwayar Hib mai tsanani yana buƙatar magani a asibiti kuma wani lokacin na iya zama mai mutuwa.

Ciwon hanta na B

Hepatitis B cuta ce ta hanta. Cutar hepatitis B mai saurin cuta cuta ce ta ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda zai iya haifar da zazzaɓi, gajiya, rashin ci, tashin zuciya, amai, jaundice (launin rawaya ko idanu, fitsari mai duhu, motsin hanji mai launi-launi), da zafi a cikin tsokoki, haɗin gwiwa , da ciki. Cutar hepatitis B mai ɗorewa cuta ce ta dogon lokaci wacce ke da haɗari sosai kuma tana iya haifar da lalacewar hanta (cirrhosis), ciwon hanta, da mutuwa.

Polio

Kwayar cutar shan inna ne ke haifar da cutar shan inna. Mafi yawan mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar shan inna ba su da wata alama, amma wasu mutane suna fuskantar ciwon makogwaro, zazzabi, kasala, tashin zuciya, ciwon kai, ko ciwon ciki. Groupananan rukuni na mutane za su ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka masu tsanani waɗanda ke shafar kwakwalwa da laka. A cikin mawuyacin hali, cutar shan inna na iya haifar da rauni da inna (lokacin da mutum ba zai iya motsa sassan jiki ba) wanda zai iya haifar da nakasa ta dindindin kuma, a wasu lokuta ma, ba a rasa ransa.

Cutar sankarar bargo

Cututtukan huhu shine duk wata cuta da ke haifar da cututtukan pneumococcal. Wadannan kwayoyin cutar na iya haifar da cutar nimoniya (kamuwa da huhu), cututtukan kunne, cututtukan sinus, sankarau (kamuwa da cutar nama da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka), da kuma kwayar cuta (ƙwayar jini). Yawancin cututtukan pneumoniacoccal ba su da sauƙi, amma wasu na iya haifar da matsaloli na dogon lokaci, kamar lalacewar kwakwalwa ko rashin ji. Cutar sankarau, kwayar cuta, da ciwon huhu da cutar pneumococcal ke haifarwa na iya zama da kisa.

2. DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, polio, da pneumococcal conjugate alluran

Jarirai da yara yawanci bukatar:

• 5 allurai na diphtheria, tetanus, da acellular pertussis rigakafin (DTaP)
• 3 ko 4 allurar rigakafin Hib
• 3 allurai na maganin hepatitis B
• 4 allurai na rigakafin cutar shan inna
• 4 allurai na rigakafin cututtukan pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)

Wasu yara na iya buƙatar ƙasa ko fiye da yawan adadin allurai na wasu alluran don samun cikakkiyar kariya saboda shekarunsu na rigakafin ko wasu yanayi.

Yara manya, matasa, da manya tare da wasu yanayi na kiwon lafiya ko wasu abubuwan haɗarin kuma ana iya ba da shawarar karɓar kashi 1 ko fiye na wasu daga cikin waɗannan allurar.

Wadannan allurar rigakafin za'a iya basu azaman maganin alurar riga kafi, ko kuma wani bangare na rigakafin hadewa (wani nau'in rigakafin da ke hada allurar rigakafi sama da daya a hade a guda daya).

3. Yi magana da mai baka kiwon lafiya

Faɗa wa mai ba ka rigakafin idan yaron da ke yin allurar:

Ga dukkan rigakafin:

• Shin yana da rashin lafiyan aiki bayan kashi na baya na allurar, ko yana da wani mai tsanani, mai barazanar rai.

Don DTaP:

• Shin yana da rashin lafiyan jiki bayan kashi na baya na kowane maganin riga-kafi da ke kariya daga tetanus, diphtheria, or pertussis.
• Shin yana da rashin lafiya, rage ƙwarewar hankali, ko tsawan lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7 bayan kashi na baya na kowane maganin alurar riga kafi (DTP ko DTaP).
• Shin kamawa ko wata matsalar tsarin damuwa.
• Shin ya taɓa faruwa Guillain-Barré Syndrome (wanda ake kira GBS).
• Shin ya kasance ciwo mai zafi ko kumburi bayan wani kashi na baya na duk wata rigakafin da ke kare tetanus ko diphtheria.

Don PCV13:

• Shin yana da wanirashin lafiyar jiki bayan kashi na baya na PCV13, zuwa rigakafin rigakafin cutar pneumococcal conjugate da aka sani da PCV7, ko kuma zuwa kowane maganin alurar riga kafi wanda ke dauke da cutar toshi (misali, DTaP).

A wasu lokuta, mai ba da kula da lafiya na ɗanka na iya yanke shawarar ɗaga allurar rigakafin zuwa ziyarar da za ta zo.

Yara da ke da ƙananan cututtuka, kamar mura, ana iya yin rigakafin. Yaran da ke cikin matsakaici ko rashin lafiya mai yawa yawanci za su jira har sai sun warke kafin a yi musu rigakafin.

Mai ba da kula da lafiyar ɗanku na iya ba ku ƙarin bayani.

4. Haɗarin maganin alurar riga kafi

Don rigakafin DTaP:

• Ciwo ko kumburi a inda aka harba, zazzabi, tashin hankali, jin kasala, rashin ci, da amai wani lokacin na faruwa bayan rigakafin DTaP.
• Reactionsarin halayen da suka fi tsanani, kamar kamuwa, kamuwa da kuka na tsawan awanni 3 ko sama da haka, ko zazzaɓi mai ƙarfi (sama da 105 ° F ko 40.5 ° C) bayan rigakafin DTaP ba ya faruwa sau da yawa. Ba da daɗewa ba, allurar ta biyo bayan kumburi na duka hannu ko ƙafa, musamman ga yara ƙanana lokacin da suka karɓi kashi na huɗu ko na biyar.
• Abu ne mai matukar wuya, kamuwa da dogon lokaci, suma, saukar da hankali, ko lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar dindindin na iya faruwa bayan rigakafin DTaP.

Domin maganin rigakafin Hib:

• Redness, dumi, da kumburi a inda aka harba, da zazzabi na iya faruwa bayan rigakafin Hib.

Domin rigakafin cutar hanta:

• Ciwo inda aka harba ko zazzabi na iya faruwa bayan rigakafin cutar hepatitis B.

Domin rigakafin cutar shan inna:

• Ciwon wuri tare da ja, kumburi, ko zafi inda aka harba zai iya faruwa bayan rigakafin cutar shan inna.

Don PCV13:

• Redness, kumburi, zafi, ko taushi a inda aka harba, da zazzabi, rashin cin abinci, tashin hankali, jin kasala, ciwon kai, da sanyi na iya faruwa bayan PCV13.
• Ananan yara na iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zazzabi bayan PCV13 idan ana yin su a lokaci guda tare da maganin rigakafin mura. Tambayi mai ba ku kiwon lafiya don ƙarin bayani.

Kamar kowane magani, akwai yiwuwar nesa da alurar riga kafi wanda ke haifar da mummunar rashin lafiyan jiki, wani mummunan rauni, ko mutuwa.

5. Idan akwai wata matsala mai tsanani fa?

Rashin lafiyan zai iya faruwa bayan mutumin da aka yiwa rigakafi ya bar asibitin. Idan kaga alamun rashin lafiya mai tsanani (amosani, kumburin fuska da maqogwaro, wahalar numfashi, bugun zuciya da sauri, jiri, ko rauni), kira 9-1-1 kuma kai mutum asibiti mafi kusa.

Don wasu alamomin da suka shafe ka, kira mai ba ka kiwon lafiya.

Ya kamata a ba da rahoton halayen da ba su dace ba ga Tsarin Rahoto na Rigakafin Lamarin (VAERS). Mai kula da lafiyar ku galibi zai gabatar da wannan rahoton, ko kuna iya yi da kanku. Ziyarci gidan yanar gizon VAERS a vaers.hhs.gov ko kira 1-800-822-7967. VAERS kawai don bayar da rahoto ne kawai, kuma ma'aikatan VAERS ba sa ba da shawarar likita.

6. Shirin Raunin Cutar Kasa na Kasa

Shirin Bayar da Raunin Raunin Cutar Kasa (VICP) shiri ne na tarayya wanda aka kirkireshi don biyan mutanen da wata kila ta samu rauni ta wasu alluran. Ziyarci gidan yanar gizon VICP a www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/index.html ko kira 1-800-338-2382 don koyo game da shirin da kuma batun yin da'awa. Akwai iyakance lokaci don gabatar da da'awar diyya.

7. Taya Zan Iya Learnara Koyi?

• Tambayi mai ba da lafiyar ku.
• Tuntuɓi ma'aikatar lafiya ta gida ko ta jihar.

Tuntuɓi Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC):

• Kira 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)
• Ziyarci gidan yanar gizon CDC a www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo.Bayanin bayani game da allurar rigakafin (VISs): Alurar rigakafin farko ta yaro. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. An sabunta Afrilu 1, 2020. An shiga Afrilu 2, 2020.