Hepatitis B - yara

Cutar hepatitis B a cikin yara yana kumburi da kumburin nama na hanta saboda kamuwa da cutar hepatitis B (HBV).

Sauran cututtukan cutar hepatitis sun hada da hepatitis A da hepatitis C.

Ana samun kwayar cutar ta HBV a cikin jini ko ruwan jiki (maniyyi, hawaye, ko yawun) na mai cutar. Babu kwayar cutar a bayanta (feces).

Yaro na iya kamuwa da HBV ta hanyar taɓa jini ko ruwan jiki na mutumin da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayyanawa na iya faruwa daga:

• Uwa mai dauke da HBV a lokacin haihuwa. Ba ya bayyana cewa HBV ya wuce zuwa tayin yayin da yake cikin mahaifar uwar.
• Cizon wanda ya kamu da cutar wanda ke karya fata.
• Jini, yau, ko wani ruwan jikin daga mai cutar wanda zai iya taɓa hutu ko buɗewa a cikin fatar, idanu, ko bakin yaro.
• Yin musayar abubuwan sirri, kamar su buroshin hakori, ga wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar.
• Kasancewa tare da allura bayan amfani da cutar ta HBV.

Yaro ba zai iya kamuwa da cutar hepatitis B ta hanyar runguma, sumbata, tari, ko atishawa ba. Shayar da nono daga uwa mai dauke da cutar hanta yana da lafiya idan aka kula da yaron yadda ya kamata a lokacin haihuwa.

Matasa waɗanda ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba za su iya kamuwa da HBV yayin jima'in da ba shi da kariya ko amfani da ƙwayoyi.

Yawancin yara masu ciwon hanta B basu da ko 'yan alamomi kaɗan. Yaran da shekarunsu suka gaza shekaru 5 da kyar suke da alamun cutar hepatitis B. Manya yara na iya haifar da alamomin watanni 3 zuwa 4 bayan ƙwayar cutar ta shiga jiki. Babban alamun kamuwa da sabuwar cuta ko kwanan nan sune:

• Rashin cin abinci
• Gajiya
• Kadan zazzabi
• Muscle da haɗin gwiwa
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Fata mai launin rawaya da idanu (jaundice)
• Fitsarin duhu

Idan jiki zai iya yaƙi da HBV, alamun za su ƙare a cikin 'yan makonni zuwa watanni 6. Wannan shi ake kira m hepatitis B. Cutar hepatitis B mai girma bata haifar da wata matsala mai ɗorewa.

Mai ba da kula da lafiyar yaronku zai yi gwajin jini wanda ake kira hepatitis viral panel. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen na iya taimakawa wajen gano asali:

• Wani sabon cuta (m hepatitis B)
• Ciwo mai ɗorewa ko na dogon lokaci (cutar hepatitis B)
• Ciwon da ya faru a baya, amma yanzu babu shi

Gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa suna gano lalacewar hanta da haɗarin cutar hanta daga cutar hepatitis B mai tsanani:

• Albumin matakin
• Gwajin aikin hanta
• Prothrombin lokaci
• Gwajin hanta
• Ciki duban dan tayi
• Alamar ciwon daji na hanta kamar su alpha fetoprotein

Mai bayarwa zai kuma duba nauyin kwayar cutar ta HBV a cikin jini. Wannan gwajin yana nuna yadda maganin yaronku yake aiki.

Ciwon hepatitis B baya buƙatar wani magani na musamman. Tsarin rigakafin ɗanka zai yaƙi cutar. Idan babu wata alama ta kamuwa da cutar HBV bayan watanni 6, to yaronku ya warke sarai. Koyaya, yayin kwayar cutar tana nan, yaronku na iya yada kwayar cutar ga wasu. Ya kamata ku dauki matakai don taimakawa hana yaduwar cutar.

Ciwon hepatitis B na bukatar magani. Manufar magani ita ce kawar da duk wata alama, hana yaduwar cutar, da taimakawa hana cutar hanta. Tabbatar cewa ɗanka:

• Samun hutu sosai
• Ya sha ruwa mai yawa
• Ci abinci mai kyau

Mai ba da yaronka na iya bayar da shawarar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta. Magunguna suna raguwa ko cire HBV daga jini:

• Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) ana iya ba yara masu shekara 1 zuwa sama.
• Lamivudine (Epivir) da entecavir (Baraclude) ana amfani dasu a yara masu shekaru 2 zuwa sama.
• Tenofovir (Viread) ana baiwa yara masu shekaru 12 zuwa sama.

Ba koyaushe ake bayyana irin magungunan da ya kamata a basu ba. Yaran da ke fama da cutar hepatitis B na iya samun waɗannan magungunan lokacin da:

• Aikin hanta da sauri ya zama mafi muni
• Hanta yana nuna alamun lalacewa na dogon lokaci
• HBV matakin yana sama cikin jini

Yaran da yawa suna iya kawar da jikinsu daga HBV kuma basu da cutar ta dogon lokaci.

Koyaya, wasu yara basu taɓa kawar da HBV ba. Wannan shi ake kira cututtukan hepatitis B na kullum.

• Yara kanana sun fi kamuwa da cutar hepatitis B.
• Waɗannan yaran ba sa jin ciwo, kuma suna rayuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya. Koyaya, bayan lokaci, suna iya haifar da alamun cututtukan hanta na dogon lokaci (na kullum).

Kusan dukkan jarirai da kusan rabin yaran da suka kamu da cutar hepatitis B suna samun yanayin na dogon lokaci. Gwajin jini mai kyau bayan watanni 6 ya tabbatar da cutar hepatitis B. mai cutar Cutar ba zata shafi ci gaban ɗanka da ci gabansa ba. Kulawa a kai a kai na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da cutar a cikin yara.

Ya kamata kuma ku taimaka wa yaranku su koyi yadda za ku guji yada cutar a yanzu har zuwa girmansa.

Matsalolin da ke tattare da ciwon hanta B sun hada da:

• Lalacewar hanta
• Ciwan hanta
• Ciwon hanta

Wadannan rikitarwa galibi suna faruwa yayin balaga.

Kira mai ba da yaron idan:

• Yaronku yana da alamun cutar hepatitis B
• Kwayar cutar hepatitis B ba ta tafiya
• Sabbin alamun ci gaba
• Yaron yana cikin ƙungiyar haɗari mai haɗari don hepatitis B kuma ba shi da rigakafin HBV

Idan mace mai ciki tana da ciwon hanta mai saurin ɗauke da cutar B, ana ɗaukar waɗannan matakan ne don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar ga jariri lokacin haihuwa:

• Ya kamata jarirai sabbin haihuwa su karbi allurar rigakafin cutar hepatitis B ta farko da kashi daya na immunoglobulins (IG) a cikin awanni 12.
• Yaron ya kamata ya kammala dukkan allurar rigakafin cutar hepatitis B kamar yadda aka ba da shawara yayin watanni shida na farko.
• Wasu mata masu ciki na iya karɓar kwayoyi don rage matakin HBV a cikin jinin su.

Don hana kamuwa da cutar hepatitis B:

• Yara yakamata su sami maganin farko na maganin hepatitis B lokacin haihuwa. Yakamata su sami duka harbi guda 3 a cikin jerin watanni 6.
• Yaran da ba su yi allurar rigakafin ba ya kamata su sami allurai "kama-kama".
• Ya kamata yara su guji haɗuwa da jini da ruwan jiki.
• Bai kamata yara su raba goge goge baki ko wani abu da zai iya kamuwa da cutar ba.
• Duk mata yakamata a duba su HBV yayin daukar ciki.
• Iyaye mata masu fama da cutar HBV na iya shayar da yaransu bayan rigakafin.

Rashin kamuwa da cuta - yara HBV; Antivirals - yara hepatitis B; HBV yara; Ciki - yara hepatitis B; Yarinyar haihuwa - yaran hepatitis B

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Bayanin bayanan rigakafin (VISs): hepatitis B VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.html. An sabunta Agusta 15, 2019. Samun dama ga Janairu 27, 2020.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Bayanin bayani game da allurar rigakafin: allurar rigakafin farko ta jariri. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. An sabunta Afrilu 5, 2019. Samun dama ga Janairu 27, 2020.

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