Non-Hodgkin lymphoma a cikin yara

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) shine ciwon daji na ƙwayar lymph. Lymph nama ana samun shi a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, saifa, tonsils, kasusuwan ƙashi, da sauran gabobin na tsarin garkuwar jiki. Tsarin rigakafi yana kare mu daga cututtuka da cututtuka.

Wannan labarin game da NHL ne a cikin yara.

NHL yakan fi faruwa sau da yawa a cikin manya. Amma yara suna samun wasu nau'ikan na NHL. NHL yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin yara maza. Yawanci ba ya faruwa a cikin yara ƙanana da shekara 3.

Ba a san ainihin dalilin NHL a cikin yara ba. Amma, haɓakar lymphomas a cikin yara yana da alaƙa da:

• Maganin ciwon daji na baya (maganin radiation, chemotherapy)
• Tsarin garkuwar jiki mai rauni daga dasa kayan aiki
• Epstein-Barr virus, kwayar cutar dake haifar da mononucleosis
• HIV (kwayar cutar kanjamau) kamuwa da cuta

Akwai nau'ikan NHL da yawa. Rarraba daya (rukuni) shine ta yadda saurin kamuwa da cutar kansa. Ciwon daji na iya zama ƙananan daraja (jinkirin girma), matsakaici a aji, ko babban matsayi (saurin girma).

An ƙara haɗa NHL ta:

• Yadda kwayoyin ke dubawa a karkashin madubin hangen nesa
• Wani irin farin jini ne yake samo asali daga
• Ko akwai wasu canje-canje na DNA a cikin ƙwayoyin tumo kansu

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da wane yanki na jiki da cutar ta kamu da yadda saurin kansa ke girma.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Ymarar lymph nodes a cikin wuya, maras kyau, ciki, ko makwancin ciki
• Kumburi mara zafi ko dunƙule a cikin kwayar cutar
• Kumburin kai, wuya, hannu ko na sama
• Matsalar haɗiye
• Matsalar numfashi
• Hanzari
• Tari mai dorewa
• Kumburi a cikin ciki
• Zufar dare
• Rage nauyi
• Gajiya
• Zazzabin da ba'a bayyana ba

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai ɗauki tarihin lafiyar ɗanku. Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai yi gwajin jiki don bincika kumburin lymph nodes.

Mai ba da sabis na iya yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gwajin lokacin da ake zargin NHL:

• Gwajin sunadarai na jini wanda ya hada da matakan gina jiki, gwajin aikin hanta, gwajin aikin koda, da matakin sinadarin uric acid
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• ESR ("ƙimar kuɗi")
• Kirjin x-ray, wanda galibi yana nuna alamun taro a yankin tsakanin huhu

Kwayar kwayar cutar lymph kumburi ta tabbatar da ganewar asali ga NHL.

Idan biopsy ya nuna cewa ɗanka yana da NHL, za a yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda cutar kansa ta bazu. Wannan ana kiran sa staging. Tsarin kallo yana taimakawa jagorar kulawa da gaba.

• CT scan na kirji, ciki da ƙashin ƙugu
• Gwajin kasusuwa
• PET scan

Immunophenotyping gwaji ne na dakin gwaje-gwaje da ake amfani dashi don gano kwayoyin halitta, gwargwadon nau'in antigens ko alamomi a saman tantanin. Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don tantance takamaiman nau'in lymphoma ta hanyar kwatanta ƙwayoyin cutar kansa zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun.

Kuna iya zaɓar neman kulawa a cibiyar ciwon daji na yara.

Jiyya zai dogara ne akan:

• Nau'in NHL (akwai nau'ikan NHL da yawa)
• Mataki (inda cutar daji ta bazu)
• Yaranku shekarunsu da kuma cikakkiyar lafiyar su
• Alamar yarinka, gami da rage kiba, zazzabi, da gumin dare

Chemotherapy shine mafi yawan lokuta magani na farko:

• Yaronku na iya buƙatar zama a asibiti da farko. Amma mafi yawan maganin NHL ana iya bada shi a asibiti, kuma ɗanka har yanzu zai zauna a gida.
• Chemotherapy ana bada shi musamman cikin jijiyoyin (IV), amma wasu chemotherapy ana bayarwa ta bakin.

Hakanan ɗanka zai iya karɓar raɗaɗɗen fitila ta amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi a wuraren da cutar kansa ta shafa.

Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Neman da aka yi niyya wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyi ko ƙwayoyin cuta don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.
• -Wayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar za ta iya biyo baya ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (ta amfani da ƙwayoyin ɗiyarku na kansa).
• Yin aikin tiyata don cire wannan nau'in ciwon daji ba na kowa ba ne, amma ana iya buƙata a wasu yanayi.

Samun ɗa mai cutar kansa shine ɗayan mawuyacin abu da zaku taɓa ma'amala dashi azaman mahaifa. Bayyana ma’anar cutar kansa ga yaro ba zai zama da sauki ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake samun taimako da tallafi don ku iya jurewa cikin sauƙi.

Samun ɗa mai cutar kansa na iya zama damuwa. Shiga ƙungiyar tallafi inda sauran iyaye ko iyalai ke raba abubuwan gogewa ɗaya na iya taimaka sauƙaƙa damuwar ku.

• Cutar sankarar bargo da Lymphoma Society - www.lls.org
• Canungiyar Ciwon Ciwon Yara ta Childrenasa - www.thenccs.org/how-we-help/

Yawancin nau'ikan NHL suna da magani. Ko da ƙarshen matakan NHL ana iya warkar da su a cikin yara.

Yaron ku na buƙatar yin gwaji na yau da kullun da gwajin hoto tsawon shekaru bayan jiyya don tabbatar da kumburin bai dawo ba.

Koda koda kumburin ya dawo, akwai damar samun waraka.

Hakanan bibiya na yau da kullun zai taimaka wa ƙungiyar kiwon lafiyar duba alamun alamun dawo da cutar kansa da kuma duk wani tasirin jiyya na dogon lokaci.

Jiyya ga NHL na iya samun rikitarwa. Illolin illa na chemotherapy ko radiation na iya bayyana watanni ko shekaru bayan jiyya. Wadannan ana kiran su "ƙarshen sakamako." Yana da mahimmanci magana game da tasirin magani tare da ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar ku. Abin da za ku yi tsammani dangane da ƙarshen sakamako ya dogara da takamaiman maganin da yaronku ya karɓa. Dole ne damuwar ƙarshen sakamako ya daidaita ta buƙatar buƙata da warkar da cutar kansa.

Kira mai ba da sabis na yara idan yaronku ya kumbura lymph nodes tare da zazzabi mara bayani wanda ba ya tafi ko yana da wasu alamun alamun NHL.

Idan yaronka yana da cutar NHL, kira mai bayarwa idan ɗanka yana da zazzaɓi mai ɗorewa ko wasu alamun kamuwa da cuta.

Lymphoma - wadanda ba Hodgkin - yara; Lymphoma lymphoblastic - yara; Burkitt lymphoma - yara; Babban kwayar lymphomas - yara, Ciwon daji - wadanda ba Hodgkin lymphoma - yara; Yada babban kwayar B-cell lymphoma - yara; Balagwalen kwayar cutar lymphoma - yara; Anaplastic babban cell lymphoma

Tashar yanar gizon Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka. Menene Non-Hodgkin lymphoma a cikin yara? www.cancer.org/cancer/childhood-non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/non-hodgkin-lymphomain-children.html. An sabunta Agusta 1, 2017. An shiga Oktoba 7, 2020.

Hochberg J, Goldman SC, Alkahira MS. Lymphoma. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 523.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Kula da ƙwayar lymphoma ba ta Hodgkin ba (PDQ) - fasalin ƙwararrun lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Fabrairu 12, 2021. An shiga Fabrairu 23, 2021.