Coronavirus

Coronaviruses dangi ne na ƙwayoyin cuta. Kamuwa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, kamar sanyi na yau da kullun. Wasu kwaroron roba suna haifar da mummunar cuta wanda ke haifar da cutar huhu, har ma da mutuwa.

Akwai coronaviruses daban-daban. Suna shafar mutane da dabbobi. Gwajin mutane na yau da kullun na haifar da cututtuka masu sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, kamar sanyi na yau da kullun.

Wasu nau'in halittar dabbobi suna canzawa (mutate) kuma ana basu daga dabbobi zuwa mutane. Hakanan zasu iya yaduwa ta hanyar hulɗar mutum-da-mutum. Hanyoyin da ke yaduwa daga dabbobi zuwa mutane na iya haifar da mummunan cuta a wasu lokuta:

• Ciwo mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) wani nau'in ciwo ne na nimoniya mai tsanani. SARS-CoV coronavirus ne ke haifar dashi. Babu wani rahoton cutar a cikin mutane da aka ruwaito tun 2004.
• Ciwon Numfashi na Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS) mummunan ciwo ne na numfashi. MERS ta haifar da kwayar cutar MERS-CoV. Kimanin kashi 30% na mutanen da suka kamu da wannan cutar sun mutu. Wasu mutane suna da alamun rashin lafiya kawai. MERS na ci gaba da haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin mutane, musamman a yankin Larabawa.
• COVID-19 - Ana samun bayani game da COVID-19 daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka.
• COVID-19 cuta ce ta numfashi da ke haifar da zazzaɓi, tari, da gajeren numfashi. Kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 ce ke haddasa ta (mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi coronavirus 2). COVID-19 na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani har da mutuwa. COVID-19 babbar barazana ce ga lafiyar jama'a a duniya da Amurka.

Yawancin coronaviruses sun samo asali ne daga jemage, wanda ke iya kamuwa da wasu dabbobi. SARS-CoV ta yadu daga kuliyoyin kuliyoyi, yayin da MERS-CoV ta yadu daga raƙuma. Sabon SARS-CoV-2 shima ana zargin ya samo asali ne daga dabbobi. Ya fito ne daga cikin dangin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar SARS-CoV, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke da suna iri ɗaya. Akwai wasu kwarkwata da yawa da ke yawo a cikin dabbobi, amma ba su yadu ga mutane ba.

Da zarar mutum ya kamu da kwayar cutar coronavirus, cutar na iya yaduwa zuwa lafiyayyen mutum (yada cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum). Kuna iya kamuwa da cutar kwayar cuta lokacin da:

• Mutumin da ya kamu da cutar yayi atishawa, tari, ko busa hanci a kusa da kai sannan ya saki kwayar cutar a cikin iska (kamuwa da cuta)
• Kuna taɓa hanci, idanunku, ko bakinku bayan kun taɓa wani abu da cutar ta gurɓata, kamar abin wasa ko ƙofar ƙofa
• Kuna taɓawa, runguma, girgiza hannu tare, ko sumbatar mai cutar
• Kuna ci ko sha daga waɗannan kayan aikin da mai cutar ke amfani dashi

Cowazon mutane waɗanda ke haifar da mura ta yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum. Kwayar cututtukan suna faruwa a cikin kwanaki 2 zuwa 14. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Hancin hanci
• Ciwon wuya
• Atishawa
• Cutar hanci
• Zazzabi tare da sanyi
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon jiki
• Tari

Bayyanawa ga MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, da SARS-CoV-2 na iya haifar da mummunan alamomi. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Rashin numfashi
• Gudawa
• Jini a tari
• Mutuwa

Mai tsananin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta na iya haifar da:

• Croup
• Namoniya
• Bronchiolitis
• Bronchitis

Kwayar cutar na iya zama mai tsanani ga wasu mutane:

• Yara
• Manya tsofaffi
• Mutanen da ke da mawuyacin yanayi kamar ciwon sukari, ciwon daji, cutar koda mai tsanani, cututtukan zuciya
• Mutanen da ke da cututtukan numfashi kamar asma ko COPD

Mai ba ka kiwon lafiya na iya daukar samfurin wadannan don gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje:

• Al'adar 'Sputum'
• Hancin hanci (daga hanci)
• Maganin makogwaro
• Gwajin jini

Hakanan za'a iya ɗaukar samfurin tabo da na fitsari a wasu lokuta.

Kuna iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaji idan kamuwa da cuta ya kasance saboda mummunan ƙwayar coronavirus. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin sunadarai na jini
• Kirjin x-ray ko kirjin CT
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) gwaji don coronavirus

Ba za a iya samun gwaje-gwajen bincike ba ga kowane irin coronavirus.

Har zuwa yau babu takamaiman magani don kamuwa da cutar coronavirus. Ana ba da magunguna ne kawai don sauƙaƙe alamominku. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da magungunan gwaji a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Infectionsananan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus, kamar sanyin yau da kullun, zasu tafi nan da withan daysan kwanaki tare da hutu da kulawa kai a gida.

Idan ana zargin kuna da kamuwa da cuta mai saurin cutar kwayar cuta, kuna iya:

• Dole ne a saka abin rufe fuska
• Kasance a keɓe ɗaki ko ICU don magani

Jiyya don cututtuka masu tsanani na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan rigakafi, idan kuna da ciwon huhu na kwayan cuta
• Magungunan antiviral
• Steroids
• Oxygen, taimakon numfashi (samun iska na inji), ko maganin kirji

Ciwon sanyi na yau da kullun saboda kwayar cutar kanjamau yakan magance kan su. Infectionsananan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus na iya buƙatar asibiti da taimakon numfashi. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na corona na iya haifar da mutuwa, musamman a cikin tsofaffi, yara, ko kuma mutanen da ke da yanayi na kullum.

Cututtukan Coronavirus na iya haifar da mashako ko ciwon huhu. Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan cuta na iya haifar da gazawar gabobi, har ma da mutuwa.

Tuntuɓi mai ba ka sabis idan kana da:

• Saduwa da mutum mai tsananin kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta
• Yayi tafiya zuwa wani wuri wanda ya sami barkewar kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta kuma ya haifar da alamun sanyi na yau da kullun, numfashin numfashi, tashin zuciya, ko zawo

Bi waɗannan matakan don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta:

• Guji hulɗa da mutanen da ke da kwayar cutar coronavirus.
• Guji yin balaguro zuwa wuraren da ke da ɓarkewar kamuwa da kwayar cutar coronavirus.
• Wanke hannuwanka da kyau ko tsabtace su da mai tsabtace hannu mai giya.
• Rufe bakinka da hancinka da nama ko hannun riga (ba hannayenka ba) yayin atishawa ko tari, ka yar da naman.
• Kada ku raba abinci, ko abin sha, ko kayan abinci.
• Tsabtace wuraren da aka taɓa taɓawa tare da maganin kashe cuta.

Akwai maganin alurar rigakafi wanda zai iya taimakawa rigakafin COVID-19. Tuntuɓi sashin lafiya na gida don neman wadatarwa a yankinku. Bayani game da rigakafin COVID-19 ana samun su daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html.

Idan kuna tafiya, yi magana da mai ba ku sabis game da:

• Kasancewa da zamani game da allurar rigakafi
• Medicinesaukar magunguna

Coronavirus - SARS; Coronavirus - 2019-nCoV; Kwayar cutar corona (COVID-19; Coronavirus - Mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi; Coronavirus - Ciwon Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya; Coronavirus - MERS

• Coronavirus
• Namoniya
• Alamomin sanyi
• Tsarin numfashi
• Hanyar numfashi ta sama
• Respiratoryananan hanyar numfashi

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Kwayar cutar corona (COVID-19). www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. An shiga Maris 16, 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Ƙyayoyin cutar coronavirus. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, gami da matsanancin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) da Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS). A cikin: Benett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 155.

Yanar gizo Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Coronavirus. www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. An shiga Maris 16, 2020.