Menene Magungunan Antifungal?

Wadatacce

• Yadda suke aiki
• Nau'in magungunan antifungal
• Azoles
• 'Yan sanda
• Allylamines
• Echinocandins
• Dabam dabam
• Cututtukan fungal
• Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan fungal
• Alamomin cututtukan fungal masu tsanani
• Yaushe ake ganin likita
• Layin kasa

Ana iya samun Naman gwari a ko'ina cikin duniya a cikin kowane yanayi. Yawancin fungi ba sa haifar da cuta a cikin mutane. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan zasu iya kamuwa da mutane kuma su haifar da rashin lafiya.

Magungunan antifungal sune magunguna waɗanda ake amfani dasu don magance cututtukan fungal. Yayinda yawancin cututtukan fungal ke shafar wurare kamar fata da ƙusoshin, wasu na iya haifar da mummunan yanayi da kuma barazanar barazanar rayuwa kamar sankarau ko ciwon huhu.

Akwai nau'ikan magungunan antifungal da yawa don yakar cututtukan fungal.

Yadda suke aiki

Gabaɗaya magana, magungunan antifungal na iya aiki ta hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin fungal kai tsaye ko ta hana ƙwayoyin fungal girma da ci gaba. Amma ta yaya suke yin wannan?

Magungunan antifungal suna ƙaddamar da sifofi ko ayyuka waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a cikin ƙwayoyin fungal amma ba a cikin ƙwayoyin mutum ba, don haka za su iya yaƙar cutar fungal ba tare da lalata ƙwayoyin jikinku ba.

Tsarin biyu da ake yawan amfani da su shine membrane cell fungal da bangon kwayar fungal. Duk waɗannan gine-ginen suna kewaye da kare kwayar fungal. Lokacin da ɗayan ya sami rauni, ƙwayar fungal za ta iya buɗewa ta mutu.

Nau'in magungunan antifungal

Magungunan antifungal suna da bambanci sosai. Ana iya ba su da baki, a matsayin magani na yau da kullun, ko ta hanyar IV. Yadda ake ba da maganin antifungal ya dogara da abubuwa kamar takamaiman magani, nau'in kamuwa da cuta da kake da shi, da kuma tsananin kamuwa da cutar.

Magungunan antifungal an rarraba su ta tsarin sunadarai da yadda suke aiki. A ƙasa, zamu tattauna game da nau'ikan magungunan antifungal kuma mu ba da wasu misalai na irin cututtukan da suke magancewa.

Azoles

Azoles sune wasu magungunan antifungals da akafi amfani dasu. Suna tsoma baki tare da enzyme wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar membrane cell fungal. Saboda wannan, membrane ɗin kwayar ya zama ba shi da ƙarfi kuma yana iya zubewa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta.

Akwai rukuni biyu na rukuni na azole antifungals: imidazoles da triazoles.

Misalan maganin rigakafi na imidazole da yanayin da suke bi sune:

• Ketoconazole: cututtuka na fata da gashi, Candida cututtuka na fata da mucous membranes, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• Clotrimazole: cututtukan fata da mucous
• Miconazole: cututtukan fata da mucous

Wasu misalan triazoles da yanayin da suke bi sune:

• Fluconazole:Candida cututtuka, ciki har da mucosal, tsarin, da cututtuka masu haɗari; cryptococcosis
• Itraconazole: aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, ƙoshin lafiya Candida cututtuka, coccidioidomycosis (kashe-lakabin), da onychomycosis
• Posaconazole: aspergillosis (kashe-lakabin don magani), mucosal da invasive Candida cututtuka
• Voriconazole: aspergillosis, mucosal ko mamayewa Candida cututtuka, cututtuka tare da Fusarium nau'in
• Isavuconazole: aspergillosis da kuma mucormycosis

'Yan sanda

Polyenes suna kashe ƙwayoyin fungal ta hanyar sanya bangon kwayar fungal ya zama mai rauni, wanda ke sa kwayar fungal ta zama mai saurin fashewa.

Wasu misalai na maganin rigakafi na polyene sune:

• Amphotericin B: ana samun nau'uka daban-daban don magance aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (kashe-lakabin), mucosal ko cin zali Candida cututtuka, da coccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:Candida cututtukan fata da na baki

Allylamines

Kamar maganin azole antifungals, allylamines suna tsoma baki tare da enzyme wanda ke cikin ƙirƙirar membrane cell fungal. Misali ɗaya na allylamine shine terbinafine, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan fungal na fata.

Echinocandins

Echinocandins wani sabon nau'i ne na maganin antifungal. Suna hana enzyme wanda ke tattare da yin bangon kwayar fungal.

Wasu misalan echinocandins sune:

• Anidulafungin: mucosal da cin zali Candida cututtuka
• Caspofungin: mucosal da cin zali Candida cututtuka, aspergillosis
• Micafungin: mucosal da cin zali Candida cututtuka

Dabam dabam

Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan magungunan antifungal. Waɗannan suna da hanyoyin da suka bambanta da nau'ikan da muka tattauna a sama.

Flucytosine antifungal ne wanda yake hana kwayar fungal yin nucleic acid da sunadarai. Saboda wannan, kwayar halitta ba za ta iya girma da haɓaka ba. Ana iya amfani da Flucytosine don magance cututtukan tsarin tare da Candida ko Cryptococcus nau'in.

Griseofulvin yana aiki don hana kwayar fungal daga rabuwa don samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin. Ana iya amfani dashi don magance cututtukan fata, gashi, da kusoshi.

Cututtukan fungal

Akwai nau'ikan kamuwa da cuta ta fungal. Kuna iya kamuwa da cuta ta fungal ta hanyar haɗuwa da fungus ko fungal spores wanda ke cikin muhalli.

Wasu daga cikin cututtukan fungal na yau da kullun sune na fatar jiki, ƙusoshin hannu, da ƙwayoyin mucous. Misalan sun hada da:

• 

  Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan fungal

  Kwayar cututtukan wasu nau'ikan cututtukan fungal na iya haɗawa da:

  • Ringworm na jiki: fashewa, mai yuwuwa mai kamannin zobe a jikinka, hannunka, ko ƙafarka
  • Ringworm na fatar kan mutum: patananan faci, pustules, ko plaques a kan fatar kanku masu ƙaiƙayi kuma suna iya zama masu taushi kuma suna haifar da asarar gashi
  • Footafar 'yan wasa: fata mai ƙyalli a ƙasan ƙafafunku
  • Jock ƙaiƙayi: wani zafin nama, jan kumburi wanda yake fitowa a cikin duwawarku da cinyoyinku na ciki
  • Nail naman gwari: kusoshin da suka zama marasa launi, mawuyacin hali, da nakasa
  • Farji yisti kamuwa da cuta: itching, redness, da kuma kumburi a cikin farji - farin farin farin farji da kuma jin zafi lokacin urinating kuma iya faruwa
  • Na baka magana: ci gaba da lahani na fari a cikin bakinku wanda kuma yana iya zama ja da zafi

  Alamomin cututtukan fungal masu tsanani

  Alamomin wasu cututtukan fungal masu haɗari na iya bambanta dangane da wane nau'in fungi ke haifar da kamuwa da cutar da kuma yankin jikinku da abin ya shafa.

  Zasu iya hada abubuwa kamar:

  • zazzaɓi
  • zufa na dare
  • alamomi masu kama da mura, kamar ciwon kai, kasala, da ciwon jiki da ciwo
  • alamomin numfashi kamar tari da gajeren numfashi
  • alamun cututtukan sankarau, kamar tsananin ciwon kai, wuya mai ƙarfi, da ƙwarewar haske

  Yaushe ake ganin likita

  Yi alƙawari tare da likitanka idan:

  • over-the-counter (OTC) antifungals basu yi aiki don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka na cututtuka kamar ringworm, ƙusa naman gwari, ko farji yisti farji
  • cututtukan fararen da ba'a bayyana ba sun bunkasa a cikin bakinka
  • kuna da zazzaɓi, alamomin kamuwa da mura, ko mummunan rauni da / ko kuma kuna tsammanin kamuwa da cuta ta fungal

  Akwai wasu alamun alamun waɗanda ya kamata koyaushe ku nemi hanzarin likita

  Wadannan sun hada da:

  • ciwon kirji
  • wahalar numfashi
  • tari na jini
  • alamun cutar sankarau, kamar ciwon kai mai tsanani, wuya mai wuya, da ƙoshin haske
  • asarar nauyi, zazzabi, ko sanyi

  Layin kasa

  Ana amfani da magungunan antifungal don magance cututtukan fungal. Suna yin niyya ga tsari da tsari na musamman da fungi don kashe kwayoyin fungal ko hana su girma.

  Akwai nau'ikan magungunan antifungal da yawa, kuma ana iya basu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Nau'in maganin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi na iya dogara da maganin da nau'in da kuma tsananin kamuwa da cutar.

  Yayinda yawancin cututtukan fungal ke saurin magance su, wasu na iya zama masu tsanani. Ganin likitanka idan kwayar cutar fungal bata tafi da maganin OTC ba ko kuma idan kuna zargin kuna da kamuwa da cutar fungal mai tsanani.