Menene bambanci tsakanin Asperger da Autism?

Wadatacce

• Game da cututtukan cututtukan Autism (ASD)
• Game da ciwon Asperger
• Ka'idojin binciko cutar Asperger
• Asperger's vs. Autism: Menene bambance-bambance?
• Shin hanyoyin magancewa sun banbanta ga Asperger da autism?
• Awauki

Kuna iya jin yawancin mutane suna ambaton cututtukan Asperger a cikin numfashi ɗaya kamar cutar rashin jituwa ta Autism (ASD).

Asperger's an taɓa ɗaukar shi daban da ASD. Amma ganewar asali na Asperger ba ya wanzu. Alamu da alamomin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na binciken Asperger yanzu sun faɗi ƙarƙashin ASD.

Akwai bambance-bambance na tarihi tsakanin kalmar "Asperger's" da abin da ake ɗauka "autism." Amma yana da daraja shiga cikin menene ainihin Asperger's kuma me yasa yanzu aka ɗauke shi wani ɓangare na ASD.

Ci gaba da karatu don ƙarin koyo game da kowane ɗayan waɗannan larurar.

Game da cututtukan cututtukan Autism (ASD)

Ba duk yaran autistic bane ke nuna alamun autism iri ɗaya ko kuma su sami waɗannan alamun daidai.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar autism a kan bakan. Akwai kewayon ɗimbin ɗabi’u da gogewa waɗanda ake ganin sun faɗi ƙarƙashin laima na bincikar cutar ta autism.

Anan ga takaitaccen bayyani game da dabi'un da zasu iya sa wani ya kamu da cutar rashin kuzari:

• bambance-bambance a cikin aiki abubuwan ƙwarewa, kamar taɓawa ko sauti, daga waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin "neurotypical"
• bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin koyo da hanyoyin magance matsaloli, kamar saurin koyo mai rikitarwa ko batutuwa masu wahala amma samun wahalar jagorantar ayyukan jiki ko juyawar tattaunawa
• zurfi, ci gaba na musamman bukatun a cikin takamaiman batutuwa
• maimaita motsi ko halaye (wani lokacin ana kiransa "mai motsawa"), kamar tafa hannu ko girgiza kai da kai
• babbar sha'awa don kiyaye abubuwan yau da kullun ko kafa tsari, kamar bin tsari iri ɗaya kowace rana ko tsara kayan mutum ta wata hanya
• wahalar sarrafawa da samar da sadarwa ta baki ko ta baki, kamar samun matsala wajen bayyana tunani a cikin kalmomi ko nuna motsin rai a waje
• wahalar sarrafawa ko shiga cikin lamuran mu'amala ta zamantakewar ɗan adam, kamar ta gaishe da wani wanda ya gaishe su

Game da ciwon Asperger

Asperger's syndrome a baya an ɗauka a matsayin nau'i mai "taushi" ko "mai aiki sosai" na autism.

Wannan yana nufin mutanen da suka karɓi ganewar asali na Asperger sun kasance suna fuskantar halaye na autism waɗanda akasari aka ɗauke su kaɗan ba kamar na mutane ba.

Asperger’s an fara gabatar dashi ne a cikin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) a 1994.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda likitan ilimin hauka na Ingilishi Lorna Wing ya fassara ayyukan likitan Austriya Hans Asperger kuma ya fahimci bincikensa ya gano halaye daban-daban a cikin yara masu saurin kai tsaye daga waɗanda ke da alamun "mai sauki".

Ka'idojin binciko cutar Asperger

Anan akwai taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen abu daga sigar da ta gabata na DSM (yawancin waɗannan na iya zama sanannun):

• samun matsala tare da maganganun magana ko ba da baki ba, kamar haɗuwa da ido ko sarƙar magana
• da samun 'yan kaɗan ko babu dangantaka ta zamantakewa tare da takwarorina
• rashin sha'awar shiga cikin ayyuka ko buƙatu tare da wasu
• nuna kadan ga babu amsa ga zamantakewar ko abubuwan da suka faru
• da samun ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin maudu'i na musamman ko 'yan batutuwa kadan
• tsananin bin al'ada ko al'adun al'ada
• maimaita halaye ko motsi
• tsananin sha'awa cikin takamaiman ɓangarorin abubuwa
• fuskantar wahala wajen kiyaye alaƙa, ayyuka, ko wasu fannoni na rayuwar yau da kullun saboda waɗannan alamun da aka lissafa a baya
• ba tare da wani jinkiri ba a cikin koyon harshe ko ci gaban sanin halayyar wasu, makamancin yanayin ci gaban tattalin arziki

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Asperger's yanzu ana ɗaukarsa wani ɓangare na bambance-bambance na autism kuma ba a gano shi a matsayin yanayin daban.

Asperger's vs. Autism: Menene bambance-bambance?

Asperger's da autism ba a sake ɗaukar su a matsayin masu bincikar cutar daban. Mutanen da wataƙila sun taɓa samun cutar Asperger a maimakon haka yanzu suna karɓar cutar rashin lafiya.

Amma mutane da yawa da suka kamu da cutar Asperger kafin a canza ka'idojin binciken a shekarar 2013 har yanzu ana ɗaukarsu da "ciwon Asperger's."

Kuma mutane da yawa kuma suna ɗaukar Asperger a matsayin ɓangare na ainihin su. Wannan yana yin la'akari musamman game da ƙyamar da har yanzu ke tattare da binciken ƙarancin Autism a yawancin al'ummomin duniya.

Amma duk da haka kawai "bambanci" na ainihi tsakanin binciken biyu shine cewa mutanen da ke tare da Asperger's ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin suna da sauƙin lokacin "wucewa" azaman neurotypical tare da kawai "m" alamomi da alamomin da zasu iya kama da na autism.

Shin hanyoyin magancewa sun banbanta ga Asperger da autism?

Babu abin da aka gano a baya as Asperger ko autism ba yanayin lafiya bane wanda ke buƙatar "yi masa magani."

Wadanda aka bincikar su da cutar ta Autism ana daukar su "masu iya canzawa." Ba a yin la'akari da halayyar Autistic abin da yake na al'ada. Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa autism yana nuna akwai wani abu da ke damun ku ba.

Abin da ya fi mahimmanci shi ne cewa ku ko wani a cikin rayuwarku wanda aka gano yana da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta ya san cewa ƙaunatattun mutane suna ƙaunarsa, suna karɓa, kuma suna tallafa musu.

Ba kowa ba ne a cikin al'ummar autism ya yarda cewa mutanen da ke fama da cutar ba sa bukatar magani.

Akwai wata muhawara da ke gudana tsakanin waɗanda ke ganin ƙarancin nakasa a matsayin nakasa wanda ke buƙatar magani ("ƙirar likitanci") da waɗanda suke ganin "ba da magani" a cikin hanyar tabbatar da haƙƙin nakasa, kamar ayyukan kwalliya na adalci da ɗaukar hoto na kiwon lafiya.

Anan akwai wasu idan kun gaskanta ku ko ƙaunataccenku yana buƙatar magani don halayen da al'ada ke ɗauka wani ɓangare na binciken Asperger:

• ilimin halayyar mutum, kamar ilimin halayyar halayyar mutum (CBT)
• magunguna don damuwa ko rikicewar rikitarwa (OCD)
• magana ko maganin yare
• gyaran abinci ko kari
• ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan magani, kamar su maganin tausa

Awauki

Abu mafi mahimmanci a nan shine Asperger's ba ya zama lokacin aiki. Alamomin da aka taɓa amfani dasu don tantance shi sun fi ƙarfi a cikin ganewar ASD.

Kuma ganewar asali na rashin lafiya ba yana nufin ku ko ƙaunataccenku yana da "yanayin" da ake buƙatar "bi da shi" ba. Abin da ya fi mahimmanci shi ne ka ƙaunaci ka yarda da kanka ko kowane irin mutum mai san kai da ka sani.

Koyon dabarun ASD na iya taimaka muku fara fahimtar cewa abubuwan ASD abubuwan gogewa ne na kowane mutum. Babu wani lokaci daya dace da duka.