Menene Cutar Rashin Tsarin Jiha (APD)?

Wadatacce

• Menene rashin lafiyar sarrafa sauti?
• Menene alamun rashin lafiyar sarrafa aiki?
• Yaya ake bincikar rashin aikin sarrafa sauti?
• Hanyoyi da yawa
• Gwajin gwaji
• Menene dalilai na rikicewar sarrafa sauti?
• Yaya ake magance matsalar sarrafawar sauraro?
• Horar da masu sauraro
• Dabarun biyan diyya
• Canje-canje ga yanayin ku
• APD da dyslexia
• APD da cutar rashin daidaito (ASD)
• Maɓallin kewayawa

Rashin lafiyar sarrafa jiyya (APD) yanayin ji ne wanda kwakwalwarka ke da matsalar sarrafa sauti. Wannan na iya shafar yadda kuke fahimtar magana da sauran sautuka a muhallinku. Misali, tambayar, "Wane launi ne shimfiɗar gado?" ana iya ji kamar “Wane launi saniya take?”

Kodayake APD na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, bayyanar cututtuka yawanci suna farawa tun suna yara. Yaro na iya zama kamar yana jin “yadda aka saba” yayin da a zahiri, suna samun wahalar fassara da amfani da sautuka daidai.

Ci gaba da karatu don neman ƙarin bayani game da APD, alamominta, da kuma yadda ake bincikar ta da magance ta.

Menene rashin lafiyar sarrafa sauti?

Ji yana da wani hadadden tsari. Sautin raƙuman ruwa daga yanayinmu yana tafiya cikin kunnuwanmu inda aka juya su zuwa rawanin a tsakiyar kunne.

Lokacin da jijjiga ya kai ga kunnen ciki, ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki wanda ke tafiya ta jijiyar jijiyoyin zuwa kwakwalwa. A cikin kwakwalwa, ana bincikar wannan siginar kuma ana aiki da ita don juya ta zuwa sauti wanda zaku iya ganewa.

Mutanen da ke tare da APD suna da matsala game da wannan matakin sarrafa su. Saboda wannan, suna da matsala fahimtar da amsa sautuna a cikin yanayin su.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa APD cuta ce ta rashin ji.

Ba sakamakon wasu yanayi bane wanda zai iya shafar fahimta ko hankali, kamar su rashin lafiyar bambance-bambance (ASD) ko kuma raunin ƙarancin hankali (ADHD).

Koyaya, a wasu yanayi, APD na iya faruwa tare da waɗannan sharuɗɗan.

Menene alamun rashin lafiyar sarrafa aiki?

Kwayar cutar APD na iya haɗawa da:

• wahalar fahimtar magana, musamman a yanayin hayaniya ko lokacin da sama da mutum ɗaya ke magana
• tambayar mutane akai-akai su maimaita abin da suka faɗa ko amsawa da kalmomi kamar "huh" ko "menene"
• rashin fahimtar abin da aka fada
• buƙatar lokacin amsawa mafi tsayi yayin tattaunawa
• matsala gaya daga inda sautin yake fitowa
• matsaloli masu rarrabewa tsakanin sautuna iri ɗaya
• wahalar maida hankali ko kulawa
• matsaloli masu zuwa ko fahimtar magana mai sauri ko mawuyacin kwatance
• matsala tare da koyo ko jin daɗin kiɗa

Saboda wadannan alamun, wadanda suke da APD na iya zama kamar suna da matsalar ji. Koyaya, saboda matsalar ta ƙunshi sarrafa sauti, gwaji yakan nuna cewa ikon ji na yau da kullun.

Saboda suna da matsala wajen sarrafawa da fahimtar sauti, mutane masu APD galibi suna da matsala da ayyukan koyo, musamman waɗanda aka gabatar da su ta hanyar magana.

Yaya ake bincikar rashin aikin sarrafa sauti?

Babu daidaitaccen tsari don bincikar APD. Sashi na farko na aiwatarwar ya ƙunshi ɗaukar cikakken tarihi.

Wannan na iya haɗawa da kimanta alamun cutar da lokacin da suka fara da bincika don gano idan kuna da wasu haɗarin haɗari na APD.

Hanyoyi da yawa

Saboda yanayi da yawa na iya zama kwatankwacin ko faruwa tare da APD, ana amfani da hanya mai yawa don yin bincike.

Wannan zai iya taimaka wa mai ba da lafiyar ku yin sarauta da duk wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayinku.

Ga wasu misalai:

• Kwararren masanin jiji na iya yin gwaje-gwajen ji iri-iri.
• Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na iya tantance aiki na fahimi.
• Mai ilimin yare-magana zai iya kimanta kwarewar sadarwa ta baka da rubutu.
• Malaman makaranta na iya ba da martani kan duk wata ƙalubalen koyo.

Gwajin gwaji

Amfani da bayanan da ƙungiyar masu fannoni da yawa ke bayarwa daga gwaje-gwajen da suka yi, masanin ilimin sauti zai yi bincike.

Wasu misalan nau'ikan gwajin da zasu iya amfani da su sun haɗa da waɗanda:

• kimanta ko yanayinka saboda rashin ji ne ko APD
• tantance iyawar ku don ji da fahimtar magana a cikin yanayi daban-daban, gami da hayaniya ta bango, magana mai gasa, da saurin magana
• ƙayyade idan za ku iya karɓar canje-canje masu sauƙi a cikin sauti, kamar canje-canje a cikin ƙarfi ko sautin
• auna ƙarfin ku don gane alamu a cikin sautuna
• yi amfani da wutan lantarki don lura da ayyukan kwakwalwarka yayin amfani da belun kunne don sauraron sauti

Menene dalilai na rikicewar sarrafa sauti?

Ba a gama fahimtar abin da ke haifar da APD ba. Koyaya, akwai wasu dalilai masu haɗari ko abubuwan haɗarin da aka gano.

Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• jinkiri ko matsaloli tare da ci gaban yankin kwakwalwar da ke sarrafa sauti
• halittar jini
• canje-canje na jijiyoyin jiki da suka shafi tsufa
• lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki da ke faruwa saboda abubuwa kamar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya irin su sclerosis da yawa, kamuwa da cuta kamar cutar sankarau, ko raunin kai
• sake kamuwa da cututtukan kunne (otitis media)
• matsaloli yayin ko jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa, gami da rashin isashshen oxygen zuwa ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙarancin haihuwa, da kuma jaundice

Yaya ake magance matsalar sarrafawar sauraro?

Jiyya don APD an keɓance shi da buƙatunku gwargwadon kimantawar da aka yi yayin aikin bincike.

Jiyya yana mai da hankali kan:

• taimaka muku wajen koyon yadda ake sarrafa sautuna
• koya muku ƙwarewa don taimakawa biyan APD ɗin ku
• taimaka muku don yin canje-canje ga ilimin ku ko yanayin aiki don inganta yanayin ku

Horar da masu sauraro

Horar da masu sauraro wani bangare ne na farko na maganin APD. Zai iya taimaka maka don bincika sautuna da kyau.

Ana iya yin horo na sauraro ta hanyar cikin mutum, zama ɗaya-ɗaya tare da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko kan layi.

Wasu misalan motsa jiki sun haɗa da:

• gano bambance-bambance a cikin sauti ko tsarin sauti
• tantance inda sauti yake zuwa
• mai da hankali kan takamaiman sauti a gaban amo na bango

Dabarun biyan diyya

Dabarun biyan diyya suna nufin karfafa abubuwa kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, kulawa, da ƙwarewar warware matsaloli don taimaka muku sarrafa APD ɗin ku. Misalan dabarun biyan diyya waɗanda aka koyar sun haɗa da:

• tsinkayar abubuwan da zasu iya tattaunawa ko sako
• ta amfani da kayan gani don taimakawa tsara bayanai
• haɗawa da dabarun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kamar na'urorin mnemonic
• koyon dabarun sauraren aiki

Canje-canje ga yanayin ku

Yin canje-canje ga abubuwan da ke kewaye da ku na iya taimaka muku don tafiyar da APD ɗin ku. Wasu misalan canjin yanayi sun haɗa da:

• daidaita kayan daki don taimakawa wajen rage hayaniya, kamar amfani da darduma maimakon benaye masu wuya
• guje wa abubuwan da ke haifar da hayaniya, kamar su fan, rediyo, ko TV
• zaune kusa da tushen sauti a cikin yanayin inda sadarwa ta zama dole, kamar a taron kasuwanci ko aji
• ta amfani da kayan gani a aji maimakon magana kawai
• haɗa da fasaha mai taimakawa kamar tsarin zamani (FM), wanda ke amfani da makirufo da mai karɓar sauti don isar da sautuna kai tsaye daga asalin sauti zuwa kunnuwanku

APD da dyslexia

Dyslexia wani nau'in cuta ne na ilmantarwa wanda ke tattare da matsala da karatu.

Wannan matsala ta haɗa da wahala tare da abubuwa kamar:

• gano kalmomi
• daidaita sautunan magana tare da haruffa da kalmomi
• fahimtar abin da ka karanta
• fassara rubutattun kalmomi zuwa magana

Dyslexia yayi kama da APD saboda mutanen da ke fama da cutar dyslexia suna da matsalar sarrafa bayanai.

Koyaya, maimakon ya shafi ɓangaren kwakwalwar da ke sarrafa sauti, dyslexia yana shafar ɓangaren kwakwalwar da ke sarrafa harshe.

Kamar APD, mutanen da ke fama da cutar dyslexia suma na iya samun matsala tare da ayyukan koyo, musamman ayyukan da suka haɗa da karatu, rubutu, ko rubutu.

APD da cutar rashin daidaito (ASD)

ASD wani nau'in cuta ne na ci gaba wanda ke shafar halayen mutum da ikon sadarwa.

Kwayar cututtukan ASD sun kasu kashi biyu:

• matsalar sadarwa ko hulɗa tare da wasu
• aikata halaye masu maimaitarwa da kuma iyakancewa, takamaiman abubuwan sha'awa

ASD na iya bambanta ƙwarai tsakanin mutane - duka a cikin takamaiman alamun bayyanar da ke nan da kuma tsananin su. Yanayin na iya shafar nau'ikan matakai daban-daban, gami da amsa sauti ko yare.

Koyaya, mutumin da ke tare da ASD wanda yake da matsala wajen sarrafawa ko fahimtar sauti daga mahallan su ba lallai bane ya sami APD.

Wannan alamar na iya zama maimakon saboda tasirin ASD na duniya sabanin yanayin ji kamar APD.

Maɓallin kewayawa

APD cuta ce ta rashin ji inda kwakwalwarka ke fama da matsalar sarrafa sauti.

Mutanen da ke tare da APD galibi suna da matsala:

• fahimtar magana
• fadin bambanci tsakanin sauti
• tantance inda sauti yake zuwa

Ba a san abin da ke haifar da APD ba. Koyaya, an gano abubuwa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taka rawa, gami da:

• al'amuran ci gaba
• lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki
• halittar jini

Binciken APD ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar ƙwararru daban-daban.

Maganin APD an ƙaddara shi bisa la'akari da shari'ar.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi aiki tare tare da kai ko yaronka don haɓaka tsarin kulawa mai dacewa dangane da bukatun mutum.