Menene kwayoyin dendritic kuma menene don su

Wadatacce

• Menene daraja
• Nau'in ƙwayoyin dendritic
• Ta yaya zasu iya taimakawa wajen magance cutar kansa

Kwayoyin Dendritic, ko DC, sel ne da ake samarwa a cikin kashin kashin da za'a iya samu a jini, fata da hanyoyin narkar da abinci da na numfashi, misali, kuma wannan wani bangare ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki, kasancewar suna da alhakin gano kamuwa da cutar da kuma bunkasa garkuwar jiki amsa.

Sabili da haka, lokacin da tsarin rigakafi ya ji barazanar, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna aiki don gano wakilin cutar da inganta kawar da shi. Sabili da haka, idan ƙwayoyin dendritic ba suyi aiki yadda yakamata ba, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana da ƙarin wahala wajen kare jiki, tare da mafi girman damar ɓarkewar cuta ko ma cutar kansa.

Menene daraja

Kwayoyin Dendritic sune ke da alhakin kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta masu shigowa da kuma gabatar da antigens, wadanda ake samu a farfajiyarta, don kwayar cutar lymphocytes, ta hanyar fara ba da kariya daga mai cutar, yakar cutar.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa suna kamawa tare da gabatar da antigens ɗin a saman su, waɗanda sune sassan kwayar cutar, ana kiran ƙwayoyin dendritic Kwayoyin Antigen-Presenting Cells, ko APCs.

Baya ga inganta amsawar rigakafi ta farko a kan wani wakili mai mamayewa da kuma tabbatar da rigakafi na asali, ƙwayoyin dendritic suna da mahimmanci don ci gaban rigakafin daidaitawa, wanda shine wanda ake samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, hana shi sake faruwa ko ta hanya mafi sauƙi kamuwa da cuta daga wannan kwayoyin.

Fahimci yadda tsarin garkuwar jiki yake.

Nau'in ƙwayoyin dendritic

Za'a iya rarraba ƙwayoyin Dendritic gwargwadon halayen ƙaurarsu, bayyana alamun a saman su, wurin da aikin su. Don haka, ana iya rarraba ƙwayoyin dendritic cikin nau'i biyu:

• Kwayoyin dendritic na Plasmocytoid, waɗanda yawanci suke cikin jini da gabobin lymphoid, kamar su baƙin ciki, thymus, ƙashin kashin ƙashi da lymph nodes, misali. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna aiki musamman kan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma, saboda ikon da suke da shi na samar da Interferon alpha da beta, waɗanda sunadaran da ke da alhakin tsara tsarin garkuwar jiki, suma suna da abubuwan da ke hana rigakafin ƙari a wasu lokuta, ban da ƙarfin antiviral.
• Kwayoyin dendritic na Myeloid, wanda ke kan fata, jini da murfin maɗaukaki. Kwayoyin da ke cikin jini ana kiran su DC mai kumburi, wanda ke samar da TNF-alpha, wanda shine nau'in cytokine da ke da alhakin mutuwar ƙwayoyin tumo da tsarin kumburi. A cikin nama, ana iya kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin interstitial ko mucosal DC kuma, idan suna cikin fata, ana kiran su ƙwayoyin Langerhans ko ƙwayoyin ƙaura, tun bayan kunna su, suna ƙaura ta cikin fata zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, inda suke gabatar da antigens zuwa T lymphocytes.

Asalin ƙwayoyin dendritic har yanzu ana ci gaba da nazarinsa, amma ana la'akari da cewa mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga jinyar lymphoid da myeloid. Kari akan haka, akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu wadanda suke kokarin bayyana asalin wadannan kwayoyin halitta:

1. Samfurin Filashin Aiki, wanda yayi la'akari da cewa nau'ikan kwayoyin dendritic suna wakiltar matakai daban-daban na balaga na layin sel guda, ayyuka daban-daban kasancewa sakamakon wurin da suke yanzu;
2. Samfurin Musamman na Musamman, wanda yayi la'akari da cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan sel dendritic an samo su ne daga layukan sel daban-daban, wanda shine dalilin ayyuka daban-daban.

An yi imanin cewa duka ra'ayoyin suna da tushe kuma a cikin kwayar halitta wataƙila ra'ayoyin biyu zasu faru lokaci ɗaya.

Ta yaya zasu iya taimakawa wajen magance cutar kansa

Saboda mahimmiyar rawar da yake takawa a tsarin garkuwar jiki da kuma ikon tsara dukkan hanyoyin da suka shafi rigakafi, an gudanar da karatu ne da nufin tabbatar da ingancin sa a cikin maganin cutar kansa, akasari a matsayin allurar rigakafi.

A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana sanya ƙwayoyin dendritic a cikin alaƙa da samfuran ƙwayar tumo kuma an tabbatar da ikon su na kawar da ƙwayoyin kansa. Idan aka gano cewa sakamakon gwaje-gwajen akan tsarin gwaji da dabbobi yana da tasiri, mai yiwuwa ne gwajin na rigakafin cutar kansa tare da ƙwayoyin dendritic za a iya samar wa jama'a. Duk da cewa suna da alƙawarin, ana buƙatar ƙarin nazari don ci gaban wannan rigakafin, da kuma irin nau'in cutar kansa da wannan allurar za ta iya yaƙi.

Baya ga iya amfani da shi kan cutar kansa, aikace-aikacen ƙwayoyin dendritic kuma an yi nazari a kan maganin cutar kanjamau da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suke da cututtuka masu tsanani kuma suna haifar da raguwar tsarin garkuwar jiki. Anan akwai wasu hanyoyi don inganta da ƙarfafa garkuwar ku.