Craniopharyngioma: menene menene, ainihin alamun bayyanar, ganewar asali da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
• Shin craniopharyngioma yana iya warkewa?

Craniopharyngioma wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta ne mai saurin gaske, amma yana da kyau. Wannan kumburin ya shafi yankin na sirdin Baturke, a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS), yana shafar wata gland a cikin kwakwalwa da ake kira pituitary gland, wanda ke sakin homonomi don yin ayyuka daban-daban na jiki, kuma yayin da ƙari ya girma yana iya isa zuwa sauran sassan jiki kwakwalwa da nakasa aikin kwayoyin halitta.

Akwai craniopharyngioma iri biyu, adamantinomatous, wanda shi ne mafi yawanci kuma ya fi shafar yara fiye da manya, da kuma irin na papillary, wanda yake da wuya kuma ya fi yawa a cikin manya. Dukansu biyu sun samo asali ne daga nakasa a samuwar kwayar kwakwalwa, kuma alamomin kamanninsu iri daya ne, tare da ciwon kai, duka ko ɓata hangen nesa, matsalolin ci gaban yara da kuma ɓarkewar hormone a cikin manya.

Za'a iya yin maganin wannan nau'in tumo ta hanyar tiyata, radiotherapy, brachytherapy da kuma amfani da magunguna. Craniopharyngioma yana da mawuyacin sakewa, amma tare da magani mai kyau, yana yiwuwa a rayu tare da ingantacciyar rayuwa kuma tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, gani da kuma endocrine sequelae.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kodayake a wasu lokuta alamun cutar na iya bayyana kwatsam, yawanci, alamomin na bayyana a hankali. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:

• Matsalar gani;
• Tsananin ciwon kai;
• Jin matsi a cikin kai;
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da nakasa ilmantarwa;
• Baccin wahala;
• Gainara nauyi mai sauri sosai;
• Ciwon suga.

Bugu da ƙari, craniopharyngioma yana canza matakan hormone, wanda zai iya haifar da lokacin al’ada ba daidai ba da wahalar ci gaba ko samun tsayuwa kuma, a cikin yara, na iya haifar da raunin girma.

Kamar yadda craniopharyngioma nau'ikan ciwace-keɓaɓɓe kuma yana haifar da alamomin kama da sauran cututtuka, yawanci yana da wuyar ganewa, ana gano shi bayan lokaci bayan farawar alamun. Sabili da haka, da zaran alamun sun bayyana, yana da mahimmanci a ga likitan jijiyoyi, kamar yadda farkon ganewar asali ke taimakawa wajen aiwatar da ƙaramin magani da rage rikice-rikice.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Binciken cutar craniopharyngioma da farko ya ƙunshi tantance alamomi da yin gwaje-gwaje don gwada hangen nesa, ji, daidaitawa, daidaitawar motsin jiki, ƙyamar tunani, haɓaka da ci gaba.

Bugu da ƙari, likita na iya nuna aikin gwajin jini don nazarin matakan homon, kamar su hormone girma (GH) da luteinizing hormone (LH), saboda canje-canje a cikin waɗannan homon ɗin na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da craniopharyngioma. Ara koyo game da rawar luteinizing hormone da ƙimar tunani a cikin gwajin.

Don kimanta ainihin wuri da girman kumburin, ana nuna gwaje-gwajen hoto kamar su maganadisu mai haske da hoton ƙira. Kodayake yana da wuya, a wasu lokuta, likita na iya ba da shawarar yin nazarin halittu don cire yiwuwar kasancewar kansa.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Ya danganta da girma da wurin da ake kira craniopharyngioma, likitan jijiyoyi da kuma neurosurgeon za su nuna nau'in magani, wanda zai iya ƙunsar:

• Tiyata: ana yinta ne don cire kumburin, wanda za'a iya yi ta hanyar yankewa a kwanyar kai ko kuma ta hanyar bututun bidiyo, wanda aka saka a hanci. A wasu lokuta, ana cire kumburin wani bangare saboda yana kusa da wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa;

• Radiotherapy: lokacin da ba a cire kumburin gaba daya, ana nuna radiotherapy, wanda ake yi a kan wata na'ura wacce ke fitar da wani nau'in kuzari kai tsaye zuwa cikin kumburin kuma don haka ya taimaka wajen kashe kwayoyin cuta;
• Brachytherapy: yayi kamanceceniya da radiotherapy, amma a wannan yanayin, likita ya sanya kayan aikin radiyo a cikin kumburin don kashe ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Chemotherapy: ya ƙunshi gudanarwar magunguna waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin craniopharyngioma;
• Magungunan maye gurbin Hormone: magani ne da ke daidaita matakan hormones a jiki;
• Far Target: ya kunshi gudanar da magunguna wadanda suke kaiwa ga sel tare da sauye-sauyen halittar gado, halayyar wasu nau'ikan craniopharyngioma.

Bugu da kari, ana ci gaba da bincike, inda ake nazarin sabbin magunguna da magunguna na craniopharyngioma kuma wasu asibitoci da asibitoci suna shigar da mutane don gwada wadannan jiyya.

Dole ne a gudanar da magani tare da magungunan maye gurbin hormone a tsawon rayuwa kuma, ƙari, sa ido akai-akai ta ƙwararrun likitancin ma yana da mahimmanci. A wasu lokuta, yana iya zama dole a sake yin wani tiyata, saboda ciwace ciwacen zai iya girma kuma.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Craniopharyngioma, ko da bayan an yi masa magani, na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin jiki, saboda a mafi yawan lokuta, matakan hormone na canzawa, saboda haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da maganin da likita ya ba da shawarar. Amma duk da haka, idan ya kai wani sashi na kwakwalwa da ake kira hypothalamus, zai iya haifar da kiba mai tsanani, jinkirin ci gaba, canje-canje a halaye, rashin daidaito a yanayin zafin jiki, yawan kishirwa, rashin bacci da kuma karin karfin jini.

Bugu da kari, a cikin yanayi mafi tsanani, lokacin da craniopharyngioma ya karu cikin girma, zai iya haifar da makanta ko toshe sassan kokon kai, wanda ke haifar da tara ruwa da haifar da hydrocephalus. Duba ƙarin game da hydrocephalus.

Shin craniopharyngioma yana iya warkewa?

Craniopharyngioma ba shi da magani kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole a ci gaba da amfani da magunguna a duk tsawon rayuwa, saboda rikice-rikicen hormonal, da kuma shan hotunan lokaci-lokaci da gwajin jini kamar yadda likita ya ba da shawarar, saboda ƙari na iya sake dawowa. Duk da wannan, jiyya sun ƙaru sosai, suna ba ka damar rayuwa mafi tsayi da rayuwa mai inganci.