Rushewar Macular (DM): menene menene, bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Iri na raunin ido
• 1. Ciwan macular da ke da shekaru (AMD)
• 2. Rashin bushewar ciki
• 3. Raguwar danshi
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Maganin halitta

Rushewar macular, wanda aka fi sani da lalatawar ido ko kuma kawai DM, cuta ce da ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfin gani na tsakiya, tare da duhu da asarar kaifi, kiyaye hangen nesa.

Wannan cuta tana da alaƙa da tsufa kuma galibi yana shafar mutane sama da shekaru 50. Sabili da haka, ana kiran shi sau da yawa azaman lalatawar AMD na shekaru. Koyaya, yana yiwuwa kuma ya bayyana a cikin samari da mutane tare da wasu dalilai masu haɗari kamar amfani da sigari, rashin bitamin abinci, hawan jini ko kuma saurin fuskantar hasken rana, misali.

Duk da cewa ba shi da magani, maganin na iya inganta hangen nesa da kuma hana cutar ci gaba da tabarbarewa, kuma ya kunshi wasu zabuka da likitan ido ya jagoranta, kamar su daukar hoto irin na laser, magunguna, kamar su corticosteroids, da allurar intraocular wadanda ke rage kumburi, ban da shi ana bada shawarar don bin abincin da ke cike da antioxidants, kamar su bitamin C da E, da omega-3, waɗanda ake gabatarwa a cikin abinci ko kari.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Lalacewar ido na farkawa yayin da tsokar da ke tsakiyar kwayar ido, wacce ake kira macula, ta lalace. Don haka, alamun cututtukan da yake haifar sun haɗa da:

• Sannu a hankali rashin ikon ganin abubuwa a sarari;
• Bata haske ko gurbataccen hangen nesa a tsakiyar hangen nesa;
• Bayyanar wuri mai duhu ko fanko a tsakiyar wahayin.

Kodayake yana iya lalata hangen nesa sosai, lalatawar macular yawanci ba ta haifar da makanta gaba ɗaya, saboda kawai tana shafar yankin ne na tsakiya, da kiyaye hangen nesa.

Ganewar wannan cuta ana yin sa ne ta hanyar kimantawa da gwaje-gwajen da likitan ido ya yi, wanda zai lura da macula da gano fasali da matsayin lalacewar kowane mutum, don tsara mafi kyawun magani.

Iri na raunin ido

Dogaro da mataki da tsananin lalacewar macular, zai iya gabatar da kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

1. Ciwan macular da ke da shekaru (AMD)

Shi ne matakin farko na cutar kuma mai yiwuwa ba zai haifar da alamu ba. A wannan matakin, likitan ido na iya lura da wanzuwar burbushin, waxanda suke da wani irin sharar da ke taruwa a qashin bayan ido.

Kodayake tarawar drus ba lallai ne ya haifar da rashin gani ba, suna iya tsoma baki cikin lafiyar macula da ci gaba zuwa wani mataki na gaba, idan ba a gano ba kuma ba a magance su da sauri.

2. Rashin bushewar ciki

Shine babban hanyar gabatar da cutar kuma yana faruwa yayin da kwayoyin ido suka mutu, wanda yake haifar da rashin gani a hankali. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, wannan lalacewar na iya zama mai rauni da haɓaka, a nan gaba, wani nau'i mai saurin tashin hankali.

3. Raguwar danshi

Wannan shine mafi munin matakin cutar, wanda ruwa da jini na iya zubowa daga jijiyoyin jini karkashin kwayar ido, wanda ke haifar da tabo da rashin gani.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Rushewar cutar ta Macular ba ta da magani, duk da haka, bibiya da sa ido daga likitan ido, a cikin alƙawuran da aka tsara, ya kamata a fara da wuri-wuri, don kauce wa munin cutar.

A wasu lokuta, ana iya nuna magani, wanda ya hada da amfani da laser laser, corticosteroids, photocoagulation na retina, ban da aikace-aikacen intraocular na magunguna, kamar Ranibizumab ko Aflibercept, alal misali, wanda ke rage yaduwar jijiyoyin jini da kumburi.

Maganin halitta

Maganin halitta baya maye gurbin magani tare da magungunan da likitan ido ya jagoranta, duk da haka yana da mahimmanci don taimakawa hanawa da hana ƙazantar lalacewar macular.

Abincin da ke cike da omega-3s, wanda ke cikin kifi da molluscs, ban da antioxidants, bitamin C, bitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc da jan ƙarfe, waɗanda ke cikin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, ana ba da shawarar, saboda suna da mahimman abubuwa ga lafiyar na kwayar ido.

Idan abincin bai isa ya sadu da bukatun yau da kullun ba, yana yiwuwa a cinye su ta hanyar abubuwan da ake sayarwa a shagunan abinci da shagunan magani, a cikin allurai da likitan ido ya ba da shawarar.

Bugu da kari, don taimakawa cikin rigakafi da maganin cutar, an shawarce ka da ka bi wasu halaye masu kyau kamar rashin shan sigari, gujewa shaye-shayen giya da kare kanka daga tsananin hasken rana da kuma hasken ultraviolet tare da tabarau masu dacewa.