Menene cutar rashin gaban jiki, manyan alamomi da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban alamu da alamomi
• Matsaloli da ka iya haddasawa
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani
• Bambanci tsakanin cututtukan rashin gaban jiki da cutar Alzheimer

Rashin hankali na Frontotemporal, wanda a da ake kira da cutar Pick, wani salo ne na rikice-rikice da ke shafar takamaiman ɓangarorin kwakwalwa, wanda ake kira ƙananan lobes. Wadannan rikicewar kwakwalwa suna haifar da canje-canje a cikin halaye, halayya da haifar da wahalar fahimta da samar da magana.

Wannan nau'in tabin hankali na daya daga cikin nau'ikan cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar kanjamau, wanda ke nuna cewa ya yi muni a kan lokaci, kuma zai iya faruwa ko da a cikin manya ne 'yan kasa da shekaru 65, kuma bayyanarsa na da alaka da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin da ake samu daga iyaye zuwa yara.

Maganin cutar rashin lafiyar gaban jiki ya dogara ne da amfani da magunguna wanda ke rage bayyanar cututtuka da inganta rayuwar mutum, saboda wannan nau'in cutar ba shi da magani kuma yana da saurin canzawa cikin lokaci.

Babban alamu da alamomi

Alamomi da alamomin cutar rashin gaban gaban jiki sun dogara da sassan kwakwalwar da suka kamu kuma suna iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, duk da haka, canje-canjen na iya zama:

• Havabi'a: canjin halin mutum, motsawa, asarar hanawa, halaye na zafin rai, tilasci, bacin rai, rashin sha'awar wasu mutane, yawan cin abubuwan da ba za a iya ci ba da kuma maimaita motsi, kamar tafa ko hakora kullum, na iya faruwa;
• Harshe: mutum na iya samun matsalar magana ko rubutu, matsalolin fahimtar abin da suka faɗa, mantawa da ma'anar kalmomi kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, rasa cikakken ikon bayyana kalmomi;
• Injina: jijiyoyin jiki, tauri da zafin jiki, wahalar haɗiye ko tafiya, rasa motsi na hannu ko ƙafafu kuma, sau da yawa, wahalar sarrafa ƙarfin fitsari ko najasa na iya bayyana.

Wadannan cututtukan na iya bayyana tare ko kuma mutum na iya samun daya daga cikin su, kuma galibi suna bayyana a hankali kuma suna daɗa yin muni a cikin lokaci. Sabili da haka, idan ɗayan waɗannan canje-canje suka faru, yana da muhimmanci a nemi taimako daga likitan jiji da wuri-wuri, don a yi takamaiman bincike kuma a nuna mafi dacewa magani.

Matsaloli da ka iya haddasawa

Ba a fayyace musabbabin cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar gaba ba, amma wasu nazarin suna nuna cewa suna iya kasancewa da alaƙa da maye gurbi a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin halitta, da ke da alaƙa da furotin Tau da furotin na TDP43. Wadannan sunadaran ana samun su a jiki kuma suna taimakawa kwayoyin suyi aiki yadda yakamata, duk da haka, saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba tukuna, za su iya lalacewa kuma su haifar da lalatawar gaba.

Wadannan maye gurbi sunadaran na iya haifar da su ta hanyar abubuwan kwayar halitta, ma'ana, mutanen da suke da tarihin iyali na irin wannan cutar ta mantuwa zasu iya fama da matsalar kwakwalwa daya. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da suka sami rauni na rauni na ƙwaƙwalwa na iya samun canjin ƙwaƙwalwa kuma su ci gaba da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ara koyo game da rauni na kai kuma menene alamun alamun.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Lokacin da alamomin suka bayyana, ya zama dole a tuntubi likitan jijiyoyin jiki wanda zai yi gwajin asibiti, ma'ana, zai yi bincike kan alamun da aka ruwaito kuma, sannan, zai iya nuna aikin gwaje-gwajen don bincika idan mutum yana da gaba da gaba rashin hankali. Yawancin lokaci, likita yana ba da shawarar yin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Gwajin hoto: kamar MRI ko CT scan don bincika ɓangaren kwakwalwar da ke fama;
• Neuropsychological gwaje-gwaje: yana aiki don ƙayyade ikon ƙwaƙwalwa da gano matsalolin magana ko ɗabi'a;
• Kwayoyin halitta: ya kunshi gudanar da gwaje-gwajen jini don tantance wane irin furotin ne kuma wacce kwayar halitta ta lalace;
• Tarin giya: da aka nuna don gano waɗanne ƙwayoyin tsarin jijiyoyin ke shafar;
• Kammala lissafin jini: ana yinta ne domin ware wasu cututtukan wadanda suke da alamomin kamannin na rashin lafiyar gaba.

Lokacin da likitan jijiyoyin ya shaki wasu cututtukan kamar su ciwace ciwace ko ƙuƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar, zai iya yin oda wasu gwaje-gwajen kamar su hoton dabba, nazarin halittu ko binciken kwakwalwa. Duba ƙarin abin da scintigraphy na kwakwalwa yake da yadda ake yin sa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Ana yin jinyar cutar ƙwaƙwalwar gaba don rage tasirin alamun, da inganta rayuwar da ƙara wa mutum ransa, tunda har yanzu babu magunguna ko tiyata da za ta warkar da irin wannan cuta. Koyaya, ana iya amfani da wasu magunguna don tabbatar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su anticonvulsants, antidepressants da antiepileptics.

Yayin da wannan cuta ta ci gaba, mutum na iya samun wahalar tafiya, haɗiyewa, taunawa har ma da sarrafa mafitsara ko hanji kuma, sabili da haka, ilimin likitanci da zaman lafuzza, wanda ke taimaka wa mutum don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan yau da kullun, na iya zama dole.

Bambanci tsakanin cututtukan rashin gaban jiki da cutar Alzheimer

Duk da samun irin wannan alamun, cutar rashin gaban gaban jiki bata gabatar da sauye-sauye kamar na cutar Alzheimer ba, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, ana gano ta ne tsakanin mutane tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 60, ba kamar yadda yake faruwa ba a cikin cutar Alzheimer wacce ake yin ta, musamman bayan shekaru 60.

Bugu da kari, a cikin rashin tabin hankali, matsalolin halayya, yawan tunani da rudu sun fi yawa fiye da zubar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda alama ce ta gama gari a cikin cutar Alzheimer, misali. Bincika menene wasu alamu da alamomin cutar Alzheimer.