Demyelination: Menene Menene kuma Me yasa yake Faruwa?

Wadatacce

• Jijiyoyi
• Myelin
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar jiki
• Kwayar cututtukan demyelination
• Alamomin farko na demyelination
• Kwayar cututtukan da ke tattare da tasirin lalata yanayi akan jijiyoyi
• Iri na demyelination
• Yearfin kumburi
• Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta
• Demyelination da ƙananan sclerosis
• Jiyya da ganewar asali
• Demyelination MRI
• Statins
• Alurar rigakafi da demyelination
• Awauki

Menene demyelination?

Jijiyoyi suna aikawa da karban sakonni daga kowane bangare na jikin ku kuma aiwatar da su a kwakwalwar ku. Suna ba ka damar:

• yi magana
• gani
• ji
• yi tunani

Yawancin jijiyoyi suna da rufi a cikin myelin. Myelin kayan aiki ne masu ƙyama. Lokacin da ya lalace ko ya lalace, jijiyoyi na iya lalacewa, suna haifar da matsaloli a cikin kwakwalwa da cikin jiki duka. Lalacewa ta myelin a kusa da jijiyoyi ana kiranta demyelination.

Jijiyoyi

Jijiyoyi sun kunshi jijiyoyi. Neurons sun hada da:

• jikin kwayar halitta
• dendrites
• axon

Axon yana aika saƙonni daga ɗaya neuron zuwa na gaba. Axons kuma suna haɗa jijiyoyin zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin, kamar ƙwayoyin tsoka.

Wasu axons suna da gajarta sosai, yayin da wasu dogaye 3. An rufe Axons a cikin myelin. Myelin yana kare axons kuma yana taimakawa ɗaukar saƙonnin axon da sauri-sauri.

Myelin

Myelin an yi shi ne daga matakan membrane wanda ya rufe bakin gatari. Wannan yayi kama da ra'ayin waya ta lantarki tare da murfi don kare karfan da ke karkashin.

Myelin yana bawa siginar jijiya damar tafiya cikin sauri. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, sigina na iya tafiya tare da jijiyoyi kimanin mita 1 a sakan ɗaya. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, siginar na iya tafiyar mita 100 a sakan ɗaya.

Wasu yanayi na likita na iya lalata myelin. Demyelination yana jinkirin saukar da saƙonnin da aka aika tare da axons kuma yana haifar da axon don lalacewa. Dogaro da wurin lalacewar, asarar axon na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da:

• ji
• motsi
• gani
• ji
• tunani a fili

Abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar jiki

Kumburi shine sanadi mafi yawan lalacewar myelin. Sauran dalilai sun hada da:

• wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
• matsaloli na rayuwa
• asarar oxygen
• matsi na jiki

Kwayar cututtukan demyelination

Demyelination yana hana jijiyoyi iya aiwatar da sakonni zuwa da daga kwakwalwa. Sakamakon demyelination na iya faruwa cikin sauri. A cikin ciwo na Guillain-Barré (GBS), ana iya fuskantar myelin kawai na fewan awanni kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana.

Alamomin farko na demyelination

Ba kowa ke shafar yanayin lalacewa ba iri ɗaya. Koyaya, wasu alamun bayyanar cututtukan mutane suna gama gari.

Bayyanan cututtukan farko - waɗanda ke cikin alamun farko na lalata jini - sun haɗa da:

• asarar gani
• matsalolin mafitsara ko na hanji
• ciwo na jijiyoyin da ba a saba ba
• gajiya gaba daya

Kwayar cututtukan da ke tattare da tasirin lalata yanayi akan jijiyoyi

Jijiyoyi sune mahimman ayyukan jikin ku, saboda haka yawancin alamomi na iya faruwa yayin da jijiyoyin jiki suka shafi demyelination, gami da:

• rashin nutsuwa
• asarar abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba kuma ba a daidaita su ba
• rashin karfin sarrafa jini
• hangen nesa
• jiri
• wasan tsere na zuciya ko bugun zuciya
• matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
• zafi
• asarar mafitsara da kula da hanji
• gajiya

Kwayar cututtuka na iya zuwa kuma tafi cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, kamar ƙwayar cuta mai yawa (MS), da ci gaba tsawon shekaru.

Iri na demyelination

Akwai demyelination daban-daban. Wadannan sun hada da lalata kwayar cuta da lalata kwayar cutar.

Yearfin kumburi

Yeunƙarar kumburi na faruwa lokacin da garkuwar jiki ta afkawa myelin. Ire-iren lalata jiki kamar MS, cutar neuritis, da kuma encephalomyelitis mai saurin yaduwa ana haifar da kumburi ne a cikin kwakwalwa da laka.

GBS ya haɗa da lalata jijiyoyin jijiyoyi a cikin wasu sassan jiki.

Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta

Kwayar cutar ta kwayar cuta tana faruwa ne tare da ci gaban cutar sankara mai yawa (PML). PML yana faruwa ne ta kwayar cutar JC. Hakanan lalacewar Myelin na iya faruwa tare da:

• shaye-shaye
• hanta lalacewa
• rashin daidaiton lantarki

Hypoxic-ischemic demyelination yana faruwa ne saboda cututtukan jijiyoyin jini ko rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin kwakwalwa.

Demyelination da ƙananan sclerosis

MS shine mafi yawan yanayin lalata mutane. Dangane da MSungiyar MSungiyar MS ta MSasa, tana shafar mutane miliyan 2.3 a duk duniya.

A cikin MS, lalacewar ruɓaɓɓu yana faruwa a cikin fararen ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa da cikin ƙashin baya.Raunuka ko “alamomi” sai su zama inda myelin ke fuskantar hari ta tsarin rigakafi. Yawancin waɗannan alamomi, ko tabo, suna faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa tsawon shekaru.

Nau'in MS sune:

• Ciwon rashin lafiya na asibiti
• sake dawo da MS
• MS mai ci gaba
• sakandare na gaba MS

Jiyya da ganewar asali

Babu magani don yanayin lalata, amma sabon haɓakar myelin na iya faruwa a yankunan lalacewa. Koyaya, sau da yawa yana da siriri kuma ba ya da tasiri. Masu bincike suna duba hanyoyin kara karfin jiki don bunkasa sabon myelin.

Yawancin jiyya don yanayin lalacewa suna rage amsawar rigakafi. Jiyya ya haɗa da amfani da kwayoyi kamar interferon beta-1a ko glatiramer acetate.

Mutanen da ke da ƙarancin bitamin D cikin sauƙin haɓaka MS ko wasu halaye masu lalata mutane. Babban matakan bitamin D na iya rage martani na rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Demyelination MRI

Yanayin demyelinating, musamman MS da optic neuritis, ko kumburin jijiyoyin gani, ana iya gano su tare da sikanin MRI. MRIs na iya nuna alamun allo a cikin kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi, musamman ma waɗanda cutar ta MS ta haifar.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya samun damar gano alamomi ko raunuka da ke shafar tsarinku. Hakanan za'a iya jagorantar jiyya ta musamman zuwa asalin demyelination a jikinku.

Statins

Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) na iya samar da cholesterol na kansa. Nunawa na yanzu cewa idan kun ɗauki statins don rage ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jikinku, da alama ba zasu iya shafar ƙwayar ku ta CNS ba.

Yawancin karatu kuma sun gano cewa maganin statin na iya kare cutar Alzheimer (AD) a cikin mutanen da ba su riga sun sami larurar hankali ba kuma har yanzu suna da ƙuruciya.

sun gano cewa statins na iya rage saurin fahimtar hankali da kuma jinkirta farkon AD. Bincike ya ci gaba, kuma ba mu da tabbatacciyar amsa tukuna. Wasu nazarin suna nuna cewa statins basa shafar CNS ko sake fasalin tunani, wasu kuma suna cewa suna yi.

A halin yanzu, yawancin shaidu ba sa nuna maganin statin don cutarwa ga sake fasalin cikin CNS. Har yanzu, tasirin statins akan aikin fahimi ya kasance mai rikici a wannan lokacin.

Alurar rigakafi da demyelination

Kunna tsarin garkuwar jiki tare da allurar rigakafi na iya haifar da wani aiki na autoimmune. Wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin 'yan mutane kaɗan tare da tsarin rigakafi mai tsauri.

Wasu yara da manya suna fuskantar “cututtukan cututtukan demyelinating” bayan kamuwa da wasu alluran, kamar waɗanda suka kamu da mura ko HPV.

Amma ba a daɗe da rubuce rubuce har sau 71 daga 1979 zuwa 2014, kuma ba a tabbata cewa alluran rigakafi ne suka haifar da lalatawar ba.

Awauki

Yanayin demyelinating na iya zama kamar mai raɗaɗi ne da ba za'a iya sarrafa shi da farko ba. Koyaya, har yanzu yana yiwuwa a zauna lafiya tare da MS da sauran yanayin gama gari.

Akwai sabon bincike mai gamsarwa game da abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata jini da yadda za a bi da tushen asalin halittu na lalacewar myelin. Hakanan ana inganta magunguna don kula da ciwo da lalacewa ta haifar.

Yanayin demyelinating bazai zama warkewa ba. Koyaya, zaku iya magana da lafiyar ku game da magunguna da sauran magunguna waɗanda zasu iya taimaka muku ƙarin koyo game da yanayin ku.

Arin sanin ku, ƙari zaku iya yi don magance alamun, kamar yin canje-canje na rayuwa, don taimaka muku yadda ya kamata don magance ciwo.