Magungunan Bacin rai da Tasirin Gefen

Wadatacce

• Zabi serotonin reuptake masu hanawa
• Sakamakon sakamako na SSRI
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake masu hanawa
• SNRI sakamako masu illa
• Magungunan antioxidric na Tricyclic
• TCA sakamako masu illa
• Norepinephrine da dopamine reuptake masu hanawa
• Sakamakon NDRI
• Monoamine oxidase masu hanawa
• MAOI sakamako masu illa
• Add-on ko kara magunguna
• Sauran antidepressants

Bayani

Jiyya don babban cututtukan ciki (wanda aka fi sani da babban ɓacin rai, ɓacin rai na asibiti, ɓacin rai na unipolar, ko MDD) ya dogara da mutum da tsananin cutar. Koyaya, likitoci galibi suna gano kyakkyawan sakamako idan aka yi amfani da duka magungunan likitanci, kamar su masu kwantar da hankula, da kuma kwantar da hankali a haɗuwa.

A halin yanzu, ana samun sama da dozin biyu masu maganin ciwon ciki.

Magungunan kwantar da hankali suna cin nasara wajen magance baƙin ciki, amma babu wani magani guda daya da aka nuna ya fi tasiri - ya dogara ne kacokan ga mai haƙuri da yanayin su. Dole ne ku ɗauki shan magani a kai a kai har tsawon makonni don ganin sakamako da kiyaye duk wani illa.

Anan akwai mafi yawan lokuta wajabta magungunan antidepressant da kuma tasirinsu na yau da kullun.

Zabi serotonin reuptake masu hanawa

Hanyar da aka saba bi don bakin ciki da farko ana farawa tare da takardar sayan magani don zaɓin mai hana yaduwar maganin serotonin (SSRI).

Lokacin da kwakwalwa bata yi isasshen serotonin ba, ko kuma ba zata iya amfani da serotonin na yanzu ba daidai ba, daidaitar sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwa na iya zama mara kyau. SSRIs suna aiki don canza matakin serotonin a cikin kwakwalwa.

Musamman, SSRIs suna toshe reabsorption na serotonin. Ta hanyar toshe tsarin reabsorption, neurotransmitters na iya aikawa da karɓar saƙonnin sunadarai yadda ya kamata. Ana tunanin wannan don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar yanayi na serotonin da haɓaka alamun bayyanar cututtuka.

Mafi yawan SSRIs sun haɗa da:

• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• citalopram (Celexa)
• paroxetine (Paxil)
• sertraline (Zoloft)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Sakamakon sakamako na SSRI

Abubuwan illa na yau da kullun waɗanda mutanen da ke amfani da SSRI ke fuskanta sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin narkewar abinci, gami da gudawa
• tashin zuciya
• bushe baki
• rashin natsuwa
• ciwon kai
• rashin bacci ko bacci
• rage sha'awar jima'i da wahalar kaiwa ga inzali
• rashin karfin erectile
• tashin hankali (jin zafi)

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake masu hanawa

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) wani lokacin ana kiransu masu hanawa reuptake. Suna aiki ta hanawa reuptake, ko reabsorption, na serotonin da norepinephrine.

Tare da ƙarin serotonin da norepinephrine da ke yawo a cikin kwakwalwa, ana iya sake saita ma'aunin sinadarin kwakwalwa, kuma ana tunanin masu ba da hanyar sadarwa don sadarwa yadda ya kamata. Wannan na iya inganta yanayi kuma zai iya taimakawa bayyanar cututtukan ciki.

SNRIs da aka fi ba da umurni sun haɗa da:

• venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
• majidadini (Pristiq)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)

SNRI sakamako masu illa

Abubuwan illa na yau da kullun waɗanda mutanen da ke amfani da SNRI ke fuskanta sun haɗa da:

• ƙara zufa
• kara karfin jini
• bugun zuciya
• bushe baki
• saurin bugun zuciya
• matsalolin narkewa, yawanci maƙarƙashiya
• canje-canje a cikin ci
• tashin zuciya
• jiri
• rashin natsuwa
• ciwon kai
• rashin bacci ko bacci
• rage libido da wahalar kaiwa ga inzali
• tashin hankali (jin zafi)

Magungunan antioxidric na Tricyclic

An ƙirƙira magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na Tricyclic (TCAs) a cikin 1950s, kuma suna daga cikin farkon antidepressants da aka yi amfani da su don magance bakin ciki.

TCAs suna aiki ta hanyar toshe reabsorption na noradrenaline da serotonin. Wannan na iya taimakawa jiki tsawan fa'idodin haɓaka yanayi na noradrenaline da serotonin da yake fitarwa ta yanayi, wanda zai iya inganta yanayi da rage tasirin damuwa.

Yawancin likitoci suna ba da umarnin TCAs saboda ana tsammanin suna da lafiya kamar sababbin magunguna.

Mafi yawan TCA da aka tsara sun haɗa da:

• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• Imipramine (Tofranil)
• Doxepin (Sinequan)
• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• clomipramine (Anafranil)

TCA sakamako masu illa

Hanyoyi masu illa daga wannan rukunin masu maganin ƙwaƙwalwar sun zama masu tsanani. Maza suna fuskantar ƙananan sakamako masu illa fiye da mata.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun waɗanda mutane ke amfani da TCAs sun haɗa da:

• riba mai nauyi
• bushe baki
• hangen nesa
• bacci
• bugun zuciya mai sauri ko bugun zuciya mara tsari
• rikicewa
• matsalolin mafitsara, gami da matsalar yin fitsari
• maƙarƙashiya
• asarar sha'awar jima'i

Norepinephrine da dopamine reuptake masu hanawa

A halin yanzu NDRI ɗaya ne kawai aka amince da FDA don ɓacin rai.

• guguwa (Wellbutrin)

Sakamakon NDRI

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun waɗanda mutanen da ke amfani da NDRI ke fuskanta sun haɗa da:

• kamawa, lokacin da aka ɗauka a manyan allurai
• damuwa
• hauhawar jini
• juyayi
• tashin hankali (jin zafi)
• bacin rai
• girgiza
• matsalar bacci
• rashin natsuwa

Monoamine oxidase masu hanawa

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) magunguna ne waɗanda yawanci ake ba su kawai lokacin da wasu magunguna da magunguna da yawa suka kasa.

MAOI na hana kwakwalwa daga fasa sinadarai norepinephrine, serotonin, da dopamine. Wannan yana bawa kwakwalwa damar kula da matakan wadannan sinadarai, wanda zai iya bunkasa yanayi da inganta hanyoyin sadarwa na neurotransmitter.

Mafi yawan MAOI sun haɗa da:

• phenelzine (Nardil)
• selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, da Deprenyl)
• tranylcypromine (Parnate)
• isocarboxazid (Marplan)

MAOI sakamako masu illa

MAOI suna da sakamako masu illa da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da haɗari da cutarwa. MAOIs ma suna da damar ma'amala mai haɗari tare da abinci da magunguna.

Abubuwan illa na yau da kullun waɗanda mutanen da ke amfani da MAOI ke fuskanta sun haɗa da:

• baccin rana
• rashin bacci
• jiri
• saukar karfin jini
• bushe baki
• juyayi
• riba mai nauyi
• rage sha'awar jima'i ko wahalar kaiwa ga inzali
• rashin karfin erectile
• matsalolin mafitsara, gami da matsalar yin fitsari

Add-on ko kara magunguna

Don baƙin ciki mai jurewar magani ko ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke ci gaba da samun alamun bayyanar da ba a warware su ba, ana iya ba da magani na biyu.

Ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan ƙari don magance wasu cututtukan lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma suna iya haɗawa da magungunan anti-tashin hankali, masu daidaita yanayi, da kuma maganin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Misalan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince da su don amfani da su azaman ƙarin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don ɓacin rai sun haɗa da:

• 'aipiprazole' (Abilify)
• etan kwalliya (Seroquel)
• olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Sakamakon sakamako na waɗannan ƙarin magungunan na iya zama kamar sauran antidepressants.

Sauran antidepressants

Magungunan atypical, ko waɗanda basu dace da kowane ɗayan rukunin magungunan ba, sun haɗa da mirtazapine (Remeron) da trazodone (Oleptro).

Babban tasirin wadannan magunguna shine bacci. Saboda duka waɗannan magunguna na iya haifar da laulayi, yawanci ana shan su da dare don hana matsalolin kulawa da damuwa.