8 manyan cututtukan autoimmune da abin da za ayi

Wadatacce

• 1. Tsarin Lupus Erythematosus
• 2. Rheumatoid arthritis
• 3. Yawaitar cuta ta jiki
• 4. Ciwan thyroid na Hashimoto
• 5. Hemolytic anemia
• 6. Vitiligo
• 7. Ciwon Sjogren
• 8. Rubuta ciwon suga na 1

Cututtukan cututtukan kai tsaye sune waɗanda ke tattare da martani na tsarin garkuwar jiki akan jiki kanta, wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke lalata kwayoyin lafiya, wanda zai iya haifar da wasu cututtuka kamar lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hemolytic anemia da cutar Crohn, misali, wanda dole ne a gano su kuma a bi su bisa jagorancin likitan.

Ganewar cututtukan cikin jiki yawanci ana yin su ne ta hanyar lura da alamomi da alamomin da mutum ya gabatar, wanda ya banbanta gwargwadon cutar, kuma ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen rigakafi, na ƙwayoyin cuta da na hoto.

Babban cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sune:

1. Tsarin Lupus Erythematosus

Tsarin lupus erythematosus, wanda aka fi sani da SLE, cuta ce ta autoimmune wanda sel masu kariya na jiki ke kai hari kan ƙwayoyin jiki masu ƙoshin lafiya, wanda ke haifar da kumburi a gabobin, idanu, kodan da fata, misali. Wannan cutar tana faruwa ne saboda maye gurbi da ya bayyana yayin ci gaban tayi kuma, saboda haka, al'ada ne don alamomi da alamomin SLE sun bayyana a cikin samari marasa lafiya.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Kwayoyin cutar Lupus sun bayyana a cikin barkewar cuta, ma'ana, mutum yana da lokaci ba tare da alamomi ba da sauransu tare da alamomin, kuma wannan lokacin yawanci yakan haifar dashi ne ta hanyar abubuwan da suke tsoma baki tare da aiki da tsarin garkuwar jiki ko kuma waɗanda ke nuna bayyanar bayyanar asibiti, kamar amfani na wasu magunguna ko daukar lokaci mai tsawo ga rana.

Babbar alamar SLE ita ce bayyanar jan wuri a fuska cikin siffar malam buɗe ido, sannan kuma za a iya jin zafi a gabobin, yawan gajiya da bayyanar ciwon a baki da hanci. A gaban wadannan alamun, babban likita ko likitan jiji yana nuna aikin fitsari da gwajin jini wanda ke taimakawa wajen kammala binciken, da kuma kasancewar sunadarai da yawa a cikin fitsarin, canje-canje a yawan jini da kuma kasancewar kwayoyin halitta na iya a tabbatar.

Yaya maganin yake: Yin jiyya ga SLE ya kamata ayi bisa ga shawarar likitan jiji ko babban likita kuma da nufin sauƙaƙe alamomin da hana su bayyana akai-akai da yawa, saboda wannan cutar ba ta da magani. Don haka, likita na iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin kumburi, corticosteroids da immunosuppressants.

Fahimci yadda ake ganewar asali da maganin sifar lupus erythematosus.

2. Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai yana dauke da kumburi da kumburin mahaɗan saboda aikin tsarin rigakafi akan jiki kanta. Dalilin cututtukan rheumatoid har yanzu ba a bayyana sosai ba, amma an yi imanin cewa wasu dalilai na iya taimakawa ci gaban wannan cuta, kamar kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta misali.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Alamomin cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid, kamar na lupus, na iya bayyana kuma su ɓace ba tare da wani bayani ba, babban shine ja, kumburi da ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da kari, za a iya lura da taurin kai da wahalar motsi ga hadin gwiwa, zazzabi, kasala da rashin lafiya. San yadda ake gane alamun cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid.

Yaya maganin yake: Ya kamata likitan jiji ko babban likita ya ba da shawarar jiyya, kuma yawanci ana nuna amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin kumburi don rage kumburi da sauƙaƙe alamun. Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a yi aikin likita don guje wa iyakance kewayon motsi na haɗin gwiwa.

3. Yawaitar cuta ta jiki

Magungunan sclerosis da yawa ana lalata halaye na murfin myelin, wanda shine tsarin da ke rufe jijiyoyin kuma ya ba da damar watsa tasirin jiji da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da shigar da tsarin mai juyayi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Alamomin cututtukan sikila da yawa na ci gaba ne, ma'ana, suna ta'azzara yayin da tsarin juyayi ke ciki, wanda ke haifar da raunin tsoka, yawan gajiya, kumburawa a hannu ko ƙafa, wahalar tafiya, rashin saurin fitsari, fitsari, sauyin gani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, don misali. Don haka, yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, sai mutum ya zama mai dogaro da kai, wanda hakan kai tsaye yana shafar ingancin rayuwarsu.

Yaya maganin yake: Jiyya don cututtukan sclerosis da yawa galibi sun haɗa da amfani da magunguna don hana ci gaban cutar da inganta saukaka alamun, kamar magungunan anti-inflammatory, immunoglobulins da corticosteroids. Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci mutum ya yi zaman gyaran jiki a kai a kai don a kunna tsokoki koyaushe kuma, don haka, za a iya kauce wa cikakkiyar atrophy. Bincika a bidiyon da ke ƙasa yadda ya kamata aikin likita na ƙwayar cuta mai yawa ya zama:

4. Ciwan thyroid na Hashimoto

Hashimoto's thyroiditis yana dauke da kumburi na thyroid saboda harin na tsarin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayoyin thyroid, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka ko aiki na al'ada na thyroid, wanda ba da daɗewa ba aiki mai ƙarancin gaske, ke haifar da hypothyroidism.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Alamomin da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan thyroid na Hashimoto sun yi kama da na hypothyroidism, tare da yawan gajiya, zubewar gashi, sanyi da fataccen fata, ƙarancin haƙuri ga sanyi, saurin samun nauyi da tsoka ko haɗin gwiwa.

Kamar yadda alamun cututtukan thyroid na Hashimoto suke da na hypothyroidism, masanin endocrinologist yana buƙatar mutum ya gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwajen da ke kimanta aikin maganin kaidin don tabbatar da cutar ta autoimmune kuma, don haka, mafi kyawun magani za'a iya farawa. Don haka, za a iya ba da shawarar auna T3, T4 da TSH, ban da auna maganin antiperoxidase na thyroid, wanda kuma ake kira anti-TPO, wanda shine kwayar cutar ta rigakafin da ke ƙaruwa a cikin cututtukan thyroid na Hashimoto. Ara koyo game da anti-TPO da abin da ake nufi lokacin da yake sama.

Yaya maganin yake: Magungunan cututtukan thyroid na Hashimoto ana nuna su ne kawai ta hanyar endocrinologist lokacin da mutum ya sami bayyanar cututtuka, a cikin wannan yanayin ana ba da shawarar yin maye gurbin hormone tare da Levothyroxine na tsawon watanni 6. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a kula da abinci, cin abinci mai wadataccen iodine, zinc da selenium, alal misali, waxanda suke da sinadarai masu inganta aikin thyroid.

5. Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia yana faruwa lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya fara samar da kwayoyi masu aiki ta hanyar lalata jajayen jini, haifar da karancin jini. Irin wannan cutar anemia ta fi zama ruwan dare ga matasa kuma har yanzu ba a san takamaiman dalilin da ya sa ake samar da kwayoyi masu kare jini ba, amma an yi imanin cewa ɓarkewar garkuwar jiki ta wasu kamuwa da cuta, amfani da wasu magunguna ko kasancewar cutar autoimmune na iya fifita faruwar cutar anemia hemolytic.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan jini na jini suna da alaƙa da rage yawan ƙwayoyin jinin jini, haemoglobin kuma, sakamakon haka, iskar oxygen da ke zagayawa a cikin jini, tare da rauni, pallor, ƙarancin abinci, ciwon kai, ƙusoshin rauni, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, busassun fata da bazuwar.

Kodayake galibi ba abu ne mai yiwuwa a gano abin da ke haifar da karancin jini ba, amma yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don bincika cututtuka ko abubuwan da ke haifar da su, kamar ƙidayar jini, ƙididdigar reticulocyte, auna bilirubin da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi, kamar gwajin na kai tsaye coombs.

Yaya maganin yake: Maganin da likita ya nuna yawanci ya haɗa da amfani da magunguna don tsara ayyukan tsarin garkuwar jiki, kamar corticosteroids da immunosuppressants.Kari akan haka, a wasu lokuta likita na iya nuna cire saifa, wanda ake kira da splenectomy, tunda a wannan gabar ne ake lalata jajayen kwayoyin halitta. Fahimci yadda ake yin maganin anemia na jini.

6. Vitiligo

Vitiligo cuta ce da ke tattare da lalata melanocytes, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin da ke da alhakin samar da melanin, wani abu da ke da alhakin launin fata. Dalilin vitiligo har yanzu bai bayyana sosai ba, duk da haka galibi ana danganta shi da dysregulation na tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke haifar da lalata melanocytes ta jikin ƙwayoyin garkuwar.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Saboda lalacewar kwayoyin samar da melanin, launuka farare da yawa sun bayyana akan fatar, wanda ke halayyar vitiligo. Wadannan tabo suna bayyana sau da yawa a wuraren da suka fi fuskantar rana, kamar hannu, hannu, fuska da leɓɓa.

Yaya maganin yake: Ya kamata maganin likitan fata ya jagoranta ta hanyar likitan fata, tunda mutum yana bukatar samun kulawar fata da yawa, tunda yafi sauki, ban da bukatar shafa creams da man shafawa tare da corticosteroids ko immunosuppressants, ban da bukatar maganin fototherapy. .

7. Ciwon Sjogren

Wannan ciwo yana tattare da samar da kayan masarufi waɗanda ke da alhakin ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙonewar glandar jiki, kamar gishirin salivary da lacrimal, wanda ke haifar da bushewar ƙwayoyin mucous.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Kamar yadda glandon da ke da alhakin sanya ido da baki ke shafar, alal misali, manyan alamomin da aka lura da su sun hada da bushewar idanu da baki, wahalar hadiyewa, wahalar magana na dogon lokaci, karin haske zuwa haske, jan ido a ido da kuma kara haɗarin cututtuka.

Wannan cuta na iya faruwa ne kawai saboda canje-canje a cikin rigakafi ko haɗuwa da wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid, lupus da scleroderma. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci likita ya nemi bincike don tabbatar da cewa akwai wata cuta da ke tattare da ita kuma, ta wannan hanyar, nuna kyakkyawar magani.

Yaya maganin yake: Maganin da likitan ya nuna da nufin rage alamun da aka gabatar da kuma amfani da yawun roba na wucin gadi da saukad da idanun ido, ban da anti-inflammatory da magungunan rigakafi, ana iya nunawa. Duba wasu zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cutar Sjogren.

8. Rubuta ciwon suga na 1

Ciwon sukari na 1 shima cuta ce ta autoimmune, saboda yana faruwa ne sanadiyar harin da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ke kaiwa ga ƙwayoyin pancreatic waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin, ba tare da sanin adadin glucose mai zagayawa ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin glucose mai yawa a ciki jini. jini. An fi samun hakan ga yara da matasa, amma kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin samari.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka: Manyan cututtukan da suka shafi siga na 1 sune yawan yin fitsari, yawan kishirwa, yawan yunwa da rage nauyi ba tare da wani dalili ba.

Yana da mahimmanci likita ya yi wasu gwaje-gwaje baya ga azumi mai glucose da haemoglobin glycated don gano cutar siga ta farko, saboda alamun sun yi kama da na irin na ciwon sukari na 2. Sanin bambanci tsakanin nau'in na 1 da na 2 na ciwon sukari.

Yaya maganin yake: Ga irin wannan ciwon suga, dole ne endocrinologist ya nuna amfani da insulin a cikin allurai da yawa a rana ko kuma a matsayin fanfo, saboda pancreas din ba zai iya samar da insulin ba. Ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da rarraba matakan glucose na jini.