Menene cutar bacci, manyan alamomi da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yada ta
• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Ciwon bacci, wanda aka sani a kimiyance kamar ɗan adam ɗan adam trypanosomiasis na Afirka, cuta ce da takwarorinta ke haifar da ita Trypanosoma brucei gambiense kumasamara, ana daukar kwayar cutar ta cizon kuda, wanda galibi ana samunsa a kasashen Afirka.

Alamomin wannan cutar galibi suna bayyana bayan 'yan makonni bayan cizon, amma, yana iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa kafin ya bayyana kuma wannan ya dogara da nau'in kuda da yadda jikin mutum yake amsawa ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, misali.

Da zaran alamun sun bayyana yana da kyau a nemi shawarar babban likita, saboda bayan bincikar cutar bacci yana da kyau a fara jinyar da wuri-wuri, saboda idan ya canza abubuwa da yawa yana iya jefa rayuwar mutum cikin haɗari, saboda raunin da cutar ta haifar a cikin tsarin juyayi da sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Alamomin cutar bacci sun bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum kuma sun dogara da matakin cutar, kamar:

• Matakan cutane: a wannan matakin, yana yiwuwa a lura da jan papules akan fatar, wanda sai ya yi tauri kuma ya zama mai ciwo, mai duhu, kumburi wanda ake kira kansa. Wannan alamar ta bayyana kusan makonni 2 bayan cizon tsutsar tsetse, ya fi yawa ga fararen fata kuma ba safai ake ganinsa cikin baƙar fata ba;
• Matakin Hemolymphatic: bayan wata daya da cizon kwari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun isa tsarin kwayar halitta da jini, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar ruwa a wuya, ciwon kai, zazzaɓi da jajayen launuka sun bazu cikin jiki;
• Matakan Meningo-encephalitic: shine mafi girman ci gaba na cutar bacci da bacci, wanda protozoan ya isa ga tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, yana haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa wanda aka lura dashi ta fuskar rikicewar tunani, yawan bacci, sauyin halaye da matsaloli tare da daidaituwar jiki.

Bugu da kari, cutar bacci na iya haifar da wasu canje-canje a cikin jiki, kamar cuta a zuciya, kasusuwa da hanta, sannan kuma yana iya haifar da wasu nau'o'in cututtuka kamar su ciwon huhu, zazzabin cizon sauro. Binciki ƙarin game da manyan alamun cutar malaria.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar rashin bacci ana yin ta ne ta hanyar yin gwajin jini don bincika kasancewar wasu sunadarai na musamman, da ake kira IgM immunoglobulins, da kuma gano ko akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da ke yawo a cikin jini. Idan mutun na fama da cutar bacci, gwajin jini shima yana da wasu canje-canje kamar su anemia da monocytosis. Duba ƙarin game da menene monocytosis.

Mutanen da ake zargi da cutar bacci ya kamata su tattara ɓarna da ƙwanƙolin lumbar don yin nazari, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, har zuwa yadda protozoa ya kai ga jini da ƙwaƙwalwa kuma har ila yau suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin kariya a cikin ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki, wanda shine ruwa kewaya cikin tsarin juyayi.

Yadda ake yada ta

Hanyar yaduwar cutar bacci shine ta hanyar cizon tsutsar tsuntsu, daga dangi Glossinidae. A wasu lokuta mafiya wuya, kamuwa da cutar na iya tashi saboda cizon wani nau'in kuda ko sauro, waɗanda a da suka cizon mutumin da ya kamu da kwayar cutar, misali.

Ana samun tsuntsayen tsetse galibi a yankunan karkara na Afirka, a wuraren da ake samun ciyayi mai yawa, zafi da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Da zarar mutum ya kamu da cutar, wannan kuda na dauke da cutar a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma yana iya gurbata mutane da yawa.

Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki wasu matakai don hana cizon tsutsar tsetse, kamar su:

• Sanya kaya masu dogon hannu, zai fi dacewa da launi na tsaka tsaki, tun da an tashi da ƙarfi ta launuka masu haske;
• Guji kasancewa kusa da daji, saboda kuda na iya rayuwa a cikin kananan daji;
• Yi amfani da maganin kwari, musamman don gujewa wasu nau'ikan kwari da sauro wadanda zasu iya yada cutar.

Bugu da kari, kamuwa da cutar mai yaduwa na iya wucewa daga iyaye mata zuwa yara, ya taso daga cizon bazata da gurbatattun allurai ko kuma ya faru bayan dangantaka ta kusa ba tare da kwaroron roba ba.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani

Magani ya banbanta gwargwadon shekarun mutum kuma ya danganta da yanayin canjin cutar, kuma idan an yi maganin kafin ya shafi tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, magungunan da ake amfani da su ba su da ƙarfi, kamar pentamidine ko suramine. Duk da haka, idan cutar ta ci gaba, ya zama dole a yi amfani da magunguna masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarin sakamako masu illa, irin su melarsoprol, eflornithine ko nifurtimox, waɗanda dole ne a ba da su a asibiti.

Dole ne a ci gaba da wannan maganin har sai an gama kawar da cutar gaba daya daga jiki don haka, dole ne a maimaita jini da sauran ruwan jiki don tabbatar da cewa an kawar da cutar gaba daya.Bayan wannan, ya zama dole a sa ido na tsawon watanni 24, lura da alamomin tare da yin bincike a kai a kai, don tabbatar da cewa cutar ba ta sake bulla ba.