Gwaji 6 don gano kansar nono (ban da mammography)

Wadatacce

• 1. Gwajin jiki
• 2. Gwajin jini
• 3. Duban dan tayi
• 4. Magnetic resonance
• 5. Kirjin jikin mutum
• 6. Jarabawar KIFI

Gwajin da aka fi amfani dashi don gano kansar nono a matakin farko shine mammography, wanda ya kunshi hoton X-ray wanda zai baka damar ganin ko akwai raunuka a jikin nono kafin mace ta sami wata alama ta kansar, kamar sakin ruwan nono daga kan nono. Duba alamun 12 da zasu iya nuna cutar sankarar mama.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da mammography aƙalla kowace shekara 2 daga shekara 40, amma matan da ke da tarihin cutar sankarar mama a cikin iyali dole ne a yi gwajin kowace shekara daga shekara 35, kuma zuwa shekara 69. Idan sakamakon mammogram ya nuna kowane irin canji, likita na iya yin odar wani mammogram, duban dan tayi, MRI ko biopsy don tabbatar da wanzuwar canji da kuma tabbatarwa ko ba gano cutar kansa ba.

Akwai wasu gwaje-gwajen da zasu iya taimakawa wajen ganowa da tabbatar da kansar nono, kamar:

1. Gwajin jiki

Gwajin jiki gwaji ne da likitan mata ya yi ta hanyar bugun nono don gano nodules da sauran canje-canje a nonon mace. Koyaya, ba cikakken gwaji bane, tunda yana nuna alamun nodules ne kawai, ba tare da tabbatar da cewa ciwo ne mai haɗari ba, misali. Don haka, likita galibi yana ba da shawarar gudanar da takamaiman gwaje-gwaje, kamar su mammography, misali.

Wannan yawanci shine gwaji na farko da akeyi yayin da mace take da alamomin cutar sankarar mama ko ta gano canje-canje yayin gwajin kan nono.

Bincika yadda ake yin gwajin kai a gida ko kallon bidiyo mai zuwa, wanda ya bayyana a sarari yadda ake yin gwajin kai tsaye:

2. Gwajin jini

Gwajin jini yana da amfani wajen gano kansar nono, kamar yadda aka saba idan aka yi aikin kansa, wasu sunadarai na musamman suna daɗa ƙwazo a cikin jini, kamar CA125, CA 19.9, CEA, MCA, AFP, CA 27.29 ko CA 15.3, wanda yawanci shine alamar da likita ya buƙaci. Fahimci menene jarrabawar CA kuma yaya ake yinta 15.3.

Baya ga kasancewa mai mahimmanci don taimakawa wajen gano cutar kansar nono, alamomin ciwace-ciwacen na iya sanar da likita game da amsar magani da sake kamuwa da ciwon nono.

Baya ga alamomin ƙari, ta hanyar nazarin samfurin jini ne za a iya gano maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar tumor, BRCA1 da BRCA2, wanda idan maye gurbi na iya haifar da cutar kansa. Wannan rubutun na kwayar halitta ana bada shawara ne ga wadanda suke da dangi na kusa wadanda suka kamu da cutar sankarar mama kafin shekara 50, misali. Learnara koyo game da gwajin kwayar cutar kansa.

3. Duban dan tayi

Gwajin nono shine gwaji wanda akeyi sau da yawa bayan mace tayi mammogram kuma sakamakon ya canza. Wannan gwajin ya dace musamman ga mata masu manyan nono, musammam idan akwai masu fama da cutar sankarar mama a cikin iyali. A wa annan halayen, duban dan tayi babban cikine ga mammography, tunda wannan gwajin baya iya nuna kananan nodules a cikin mata masu manyan nono.

Koyaya, lokacin da mace ba ta da matsala a cikin iyali, kuma tana da nono wanda za a iya gani a kan mammography, duban dan tayi ba zai maye gurbin mammography ba. Duba wanda yafi hatsarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mama.

4. Magnetic resonance

Hanyoyin hoton maganadisu jarabawa ce da ake amfani da ita akasari yayin da akwai babban haɗarin mace ta kamu da cutar sankarar mama, musamman idan aka sami canje-canje a sakamakon mammography ko duban dan tayi. Don haka, hoton maganadisu na taimaka wa likitan mata don tabbatar da cutar da gano girman cutar kansa, da kuma wanzuwar wasu shafuka da ka iya shafar hakan.

Yayin daukar hoton na MRI, ya kamata matar ta kwanta a kan cikinta, ta tallafawa kirjinta a wani dandali na musamman da zai hana a matsa musu, wanda hakan zai ba da kyakyawan hoto na kayan kirjin. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci mace ta kasance mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa kamar yadda ya kamata don kauce wa haifar da canje-canje a cikin hotunan saboda motsin jiki.

5. Kirjin jikin mutum

Biopsy yawanci shine gwajin bincike na karshe da ake amfani dashi don tabbatar da kasancewar kansa, kamar yadda ake yin wannan gwajin a dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da samfuran da aka ɗauka kai tsaye daga raunin nono, yana ba ka damar ganin ko akwai ƙwayoyin ƙari wanda, lokacin da suke, tabbatar da ganewar asali ciwon daji.

Gabaɗaya, ana yin biopsy ɗin ne a cikin ofishin likitan mata ko kuma masanin ilimin cututtukan cuta tare da maganin rigakafi na cikin gida, saboda ya zama dole a saka allura a cikin nono har sai raunin ya nemi ƙananan ƙananan nodule ko canjin da aka gano a wasu gwaje-gwajen bincike.

6. Jarabawar KIFI

Gwajin FISH gwaji ne na kwayar halitta da za a iya yi bayan nazarin halittar, lokacin da aka gano kansar nono, don taimaka wa likitan ya zabi irin maganin da ya fi dacewa don kawar da cutar kansa.

A cikin wannan gwajin, samfurin da aka ɗauka a cikin biopsy ana yin nazari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano takamaiman ƙwayoyin halitta daga ƙwayoyin kansa, da aka sani da HER2, wanda, a lokacin da suke, sanar da cewa mafi kyawun magani ga cutar kansa shine tare da wani magani na chemotherapeutic da aka sani da Trastuzumab, misali .