HIV ta Lambobi: Gaskiya, Lissafi, da Ku

Wadatacce

• Yawaitar yanayi, yawan faruwa, da yawan mutuwa: Daga nan kuma yanzu
• Demographics: Wanene ke karɓar HIV kuma ta yaya?
• Wuri: Babbar matsala ce a duk duniya
• Hana yaduwar kwayar cutar HIV
• Kudin cutar kanjamau

Bayanin HIV

Rahoton da aka samu game da rikice-rikice guda biyar da aka sani na farko daga cutar HIV a cikin Los Angeles a watan Yunin 1981. A yau, fiye da Amurkawa miliyan suna da cutar.

Samun cutar kanjamau ya kasance hukuncin kisa. Yanzu, dan shekaru 20 da cutar kanjamau wanda ya fara jinya da wuri zai iya tsammanin rayuwarsu. Cutar, wacce ke addabar garkuwar jiki, ana iya shawo kanta ta hanyar magungunan rigakafin cutar na zamani.

Yawaitar yanayi, yawan faruwa, da yawan mutuwa: Daga nan kuma yanzu

A kusa da cutar HIV. Game da mutanen da ke da shekaru 13 zuwa sama da HIV ba su san suna da shi ba.

An yi kiyasin an gano sabbin cututtukan HIV a shekara ta 2016. A cikin wannan shekarar, mutane 18,160 da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV suka ci gaba da mataki na 3 na HIV, ko AIDS. Wannan ya sha bamban sosai da farkon zamanin HIV.

Dangane da Federationungiyar Tarayyar Amurka ta Bincike Kan Cutar Kanjamau, a ƙarshen 1992, Amurkawa 250,000 sun kamu da cutar Aids, kuma 200,000 daga cikinsu sun mutu. Zuwa 2004, yawan wadanda suka kamu da cutar kanjamau da aka ruwaito a Amurka ya rufe a kan miliyan 1, tare da mace-macen da suka kai fiye da 500,000.

Demographics: Wanene ke karɓar HIV kuma ta yaya?

A cewar, maza wadanda suka yi lalata da maza sun kai kusan kashi 67 cikin dari (39,782) daga cikin mutane 50,000 da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau a Amurka a 2016; daga cikin wadannan, 26,570 sun kamu da kwayar cutar musamman sakamakon.

Koyaya, duk wanda yayi jima'i ba tare da kwaroron roba ba ko raba allurai na iya ɗaukar cutar HIV. Daga cikin wadanda aka gano a Amurka a shekarar 2016, maza 2,049 da mata 7,529 sun kamu da kwayar. Gabaɗaya, sababbin bincike sun ragu.

Idan ya zo, 17,528 daga cikin waɗanda aka gano a cikin Amurka a 2016 baƙaƙe ne, 10,345 farare ne, 9,766 kuma Latino ne.

Amurkawa a cikin mafi yawan bincikowa a wannan shekarar: 7,964. Na gaba mafi girma sune shekarun 20 zuwa 24 (6,776) da 30 zuwa 34 (5,701).

Wuri: Babbar matsala ce a duk duniya

A cikin 2016, jihohi biyar kadai sun yi kusan rabin sababbin sababbin cututtuka a Amurka. Wadannan jihohi biyar suna da lissafin 19,994 na 39,782 sababbin bincikowa, bisa ga:

• Kalifoniya
• Florida
• Texas
• New York
• Georgia

AIDS.gov ya ba da rahoton cewa mutane miliyan 36.7 a duk duniya suna dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, kuma miliyan 35 sun mutu tun daga 1981. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin mutanen da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu matsakaicin kuɗi, kamar waɗanda ke yankin Saharar Afirka.

Rahotannin cewa samun damar kulawa ya karu tsakanin 2010 da 2012 a wadannan yankuna. Har yanzu, mutanen da ke cikin haɗari a duk duniya ba su da damar yin magani ko rigakafin. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutane miliyan 28.6 a ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu matsakaitan kuɗi waɗanda ya kamata su sha maganin cutar kanjamau suna samun shi.

Hana yaduwar kwayar cutar HIV

Yana da mahimmanci ga mutane - musamman waɗanda ke da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV - da a gwada su akai-akai. Fara jinyar HIV da wuri yana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan sakamako. Kimanin kashi 44 cikin ɗari na mutanen da ke da shekaru 18 zuwa 64 a Amurka sun ba da rahoton karɓar gwajin HIV. Ilimin kanjamau ya zama tilas a jihohi 34 kuma a Washington, D.C.

Ta fuskar kiwon lafiyar jama'a, hana yaduwar cutar HIV yana da mahimmanci kamar yiwa wadanda suka kamu da shi muhimmanci. An sami ci gaba sosai game da hakan. Misali, maganin rigakafin cutar na zamani na iya rage damar da mai dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ke yadawa da kashi 100 cikin 100, idan aka dauki maganin akai-akai don rage kwayar cutar zuwa wani matakin da ba za a iya ganowa a cikin jini ba.

An sami raguwar saurin yaduwar abubuwa a cikin Amurka tun daga tsakiyar 1980s. Duk da yake mazaje da suke yin jima'i da maza suna wakiltar kashi 4 cikin ɗari na yawan maza a wannan ƙasar, amma sun ƙunshi waɗanda suka kamu da cutar HIV.

Amfani da kwaroron roba ya kasance layin farko mai arha mai tsada game da cutar HIV. Wani kwaya daya da ake kira da Truvada, ko kuma kamuwa da cutar prephylaxis (PrEP), shima yana bayar da kariya. Mutumin da ba shi da kwayar cutar HIV zai iya kare kansa daga kamuwa da cutar ta shan wannan kwaya sau ɗaya a rana. Lokacin da aka ɗauka da kyau, PrEP na iya rage haɗarin watsawa ta fiye da.

Kudin cutar kanjamau

Har yanzu ba a sami maganin cutar kanjamau ba, kuma yana iya yin asara mai yawa ga waɗanda ke tare da ita. Ana sa ran Amurka za ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 26 duk shekara kan shirye-shiryen kwayar cutar kanjamau, da suka hada da:

• bincike
• gidaje
• magani
• rigakafin

Daga cikin wannan adadin, dala biliyan 6.6 na agaji ne a kasashen waje. Wannan kashe kudin yana wakiltar kasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na kasafin kudin tarayya.

Ba wai kawai magunguna masu ceton rai suna da tsada ba, amma yawancin mutane a ƙasashe masu fama da wahala da karancin albarkatu sun mutu ko kuma ba sa iya aiki saboda cutar HIV. Wannan ya shafi ci gaban wadannan al'ummomin.

HIV yana shafar mutane a lokacin da suke aiki. Kasashe sun ƙare tare da ɓacewar ƙarancin aiki kuma, a yawancin halaye, raguwa mai yawa na ma'aikata. Duk wannan yana ƙara tasirin mai tasiri ga tattalin arzikin ƙasarsu.

Matsakaicin kudin kula da mai cutar kanjamau a tsawon rayuwarsa ya kai $ 379,668. Rahotannin cewa ayyukan rigakafin na iya zama mai tsada saboda kudin likita da aka kaurace wa yayin da ba a yada kwayar cutar ta HIV kamar yadda ya kamata.