Magungunan HIV / AIDS

Wadatacce

• Takaitawa
• Menene HIV / AIDS?
• Menene maganin cutar kanjamau (ART)?
• Ta yaya magungunan HIV / AIDs ke aiki?
• Menene ire-iren magungunan HIV / AIDs?
• Yaushe zan fara fara shan magungunan HIV / AIDs?
• Me kuma yakamata in sani game da shan magungunan HIV / AIDS?
• Menene magungunan HIV PrEP da PEP?

Takaitawa

Menene HIV / AIDS?

HIV yana wakiltar ƙwayar ƙwayar jikin ɗan adam. Yana cutar da garkuwar ku ta hanyar lalata ƙwayoyin CD4. Waɗannan nau'ikan farin ƙwayoyin jini ne waɗanda ke yaƙar kamuwa da cuta. Rashin waɗannan ƙwayoyin yana sanya wuya ga jikinku ya yaƙi ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu cututtukan da suka shafi HIV.

Ba tare da magani ba, cutar kanjamau a hankali za ta iya lalata garkuwar jiki kuma ta ci gaba zuwa cutar kanjamau. Cutar kanjamau tana nufin cututtukan rashin kariya da ake samu.Wannan shine matakin karshe na kamuwa da cutar kanjamau. Ba kowane mai cutar kanjamau bane yake kamuwa da kanjamau.

Menene maganin cutar kanjamau (ART)?

Maganin HIV / AIDs tare da magunguna shi ake kira antiretroviral therapy (ART). An ba da shawarar ga duk wanda ke da cutar HIV. Magungunan ba sa warkar da cutar HIV, amma suna mai da shi yanayin ci gaba mai sauƙi. Suna kuma rage barazanar yada cutar ga wasu.

Ta yaya magungunan HIV / AIDs ke aiki?

Magungunan HIV / AIDS suna rage adadin kwayar HIV (ƙwayar cuta) a cikin jikinku, wanda ke taimakawa ta

• Bada tsarin garkuwar ku damar dawowa. Kodayake har yanzu akwai sauran kanjamau a jikinku, tsarin garkuwar ku ya kamata ya zama mai ƙarfi don yaƙar cututtuka da wasu cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da HIV.
• Rage haɗarin da zaka iya yada cutar HIV ga wasu

Menene ire-iren magungunan HIV / AIDs?

Akwai magunguna iri daban-daban na HIV / AIDS. Wasu suna aiki ta hanyar toshewa ko sauya enzym da HIV ke buƙatar yin kwafin kanta. Wannan yana hana kwayar kanjamau kwafin kanta, wanda yake rage yawan kwayar cutar HIV a jiki. Magunguna da yawa suna yin wannan:

• Masu hana kwafin kwayar cutar ta Nucleoside (NRTIs) toshe enzyme da ake kira transcriptase
• Wadanda ba masu hana bayanan kwayar halitta ba (NNRTIs) ɗaure kuma daga baya ya canza rubutun baya
• Cire masu hanawa toshe wani enzyme da ake kira integrase
• Masu hana karɓa (PIs) toshe wani enzyme da ake kira protease

Wasu magungunan HIV / AIDs suna tsoma baki tare da ikon HIV don sa ƙwayoyin CD4 na rigakafi:

• Masu hana fusion toshe HIV daga sel
• Masu adawa da CCR5 da masu hana bayanan haɗe-haɗe toshe kwayoyin daban-daban akan ƙwayoyin CD4. Don kamuwa da kwayar halitta, HIV dole ne a ɗaura da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu a saman kwayar. Toshe ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna hana ƙwayar HIV shiga cikin ƙwayoyin.
• Masu hana haɗi ɗaure ga takamaiman furotin a saman ƙwayar HIV. Wannan yana hana kwayar cutar HIV shiga kwayar halitta.

A wasu lokuta, mutane suna shan magani fiye da ɗaya:

• Magungunan Pharmacokinetic bunkasa tasirin wasu magungunan cutar kanjamau. Mai haɓaka magungunan ƙwayoyi yana jinkirta lalacewar ɗayan maganin. Wannan yana ba wannan maganin damar zama a cikin jiki mafi tsayi a wani babban taro.
• Haɗuwa da magunguna da yawa sun hada da hade magunguna biyu ko sama da haka na kanjamau

Yaushe zan fara fara shan magungunan HIV / AIDs?

Yana da mahimmanci a fara shan magungunan HIV / AIDs da wuri-wuri bayan binciken ku, musamman ma idan ku

• Suna da ciki
• Shin cutar kanjamau
• Samun wasu cututtukan da ke tattare da kwayar cutar HIV
• Yi kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV da wuri (watanni shida na farko bayan kamuwa da cutar HIV)

Me kuma yakamata in sani game da shan magungunan HIV / AIDS?

Yana da mahimmanci a sha magunguna a kowace rana, bisa ga umarnin daga mai ba da lafiyar ku. Idan ka rasa allurai ko kuma ba ka bi jadawalin yau da kullun, maganin ka ba zai yi aiki ba, kuma kwayar cutar ta HIV na iya zama mai jure magunguna.

Magungunan HIV na iya haifar da sakamako mai illa. Yawancin waɗannan tasirin tasirin ana iya sarrafa su, amma kaɗan na iya zama masu tsanani. Faɗa wa mai kula da lafiyar ku game da duk wata illa da kuke fama da ita. Kada ka daina shan maganin ka ba tare da fara magana da mai baka ba. Shi ko ita na iya ba ku shawarwari kan yadda za ku magance tasirin. A wasu lokuta, mai ba da sabis naka na iya yanke shawarar canza magungunan ka.

Menene magungunan HIV PrEP da PEP?

Ba a amfani da magungunan HIV kawai don magani. Wasu mutane suna daukar su don hana cutar HIV. PrEP (pre-daukan hotuna prophylaxis) na mutanen da basu riga sun sami HIV amma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da shi sosai. PEP (bayanan kamuwa da cutar bayan fage) na mutanen da wataƙila suka kamu da cutar HIV.

NIH: Ofishin Binciken Cutar Kanjamau