Nau'in cututtukan zuciya a cikin Yara

Wadatacce

• Cutar cututtukan zuciya
• Atherosclerosis
• Arrhythmias
• Cutar Kawasaki
• Zuciyar ta yi gunaguni
• Pericarditis
• Ciwon zuciya mai kumburi
• Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta

Ciwon zuciya a cikin yara

Ciwon zuciya yana da wahala isa lokacin da ya kamu da manya, amma yana iya zama masifa musamman ga yara.

Yawancin matsalolin matsaloli daban-daban na iya shafar yara. Sun haɗa da lalatattun cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke shafar zuciya, har ma da cututtukan zuciya da aka samu daga baya a ƙuruciya saboda cututtuka ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Labari mai dadi shine cewa tare da ci gaba a likitanci da fasaha, yara da yawa da ke fama da cutar zuciya suna ci gaba da rayuwa mai cikakken ƙarfi.

Cutar cututtukan zuciya

Cutar cututtukan ciki (CHD) wani nau'in cututtukan zuciya ne da ake haihuwar yara da shi, yawanci yakan haifar da lahani na zuciya da ke kasancewa a lokacin haihuwa. A Amurka, kimanin yara da ake haifa kowace shekara suna da cutar ta CHD.

CHDs da ke shafar yara sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin bugun zuciya kamar ƙuntataccen bawul aortic, wanda ke ƙuntata yawan jini
• cututtukan zuciya na hagu na hypoplastic, inda gefen hagu na zuciya ba ya ci gaba
• rikicewar da ke tattare da ramuka a cikin zuciya, galibi a bango tsakanin ɗakuna da tsakanin manyan hanyoyin jini da ke barin zuciya, gami da:
  • lahani na ɓarna
  • lahani na atrial
  • patent ductus arteriosus
• tetralogy na Fallot, wanda yake haɗuwa da lahani guda huɗu, gami da:
  • rami a cikin ɗakunan kwakwalwa
  • kunkuntar hanya tsakanin kafar dama da jijiya
  • gefen dama na zuciya mai kauri
  • aorta mai gudun hijira

Launin zuciya na haihuwa na iya samun tasiri na dogon lokaci ga lafiyar yaro. Yawancin lokaci ana kula da su tare da tiyata, hanyoyin catheter, magunguna, kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, dasawa zuciya.

Wasu yara zasu buƙaci saka idanu da magani na rayuwa.

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis shine kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana haɓakar mai da cikewar ƙwayoyin cholesterol a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Yayin da ginin ke karuwa, jijiyoyin jiki suna tauri da kuma taƙaitawa, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin daskarewar jini da bugun zuciya. Yawanci yakan ɗauki shekaru da yawa kafin atherosclerosis ya ci gaba. Baƙon abu ne ga yara ko matasa su wahala daga gare ta.

Koyaya, kiba, ciwon suga, hauhawar jini, da sauran lamuran kiwon lafiya suna sanya yara cikin haɗari mafi girma. Likitoci sun ba da shawarar a binciko yawan kwalastaral da hawan jini a cikin yara waɗanda ke da dalilai masu haɗari kamar tarihin iyali na cututtukan zuciya ko ciwon sukari kuma suna da nauyi ko kiba.

Jiyya yawanci ya ƙunshi canje-canje na rayuwa kamar haɓaka motsa jiki da gyare-gyaren abinci.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia wani mummunan yanayi ne na zuciya. Wannan na iya haifar da zuciya yin famfo da kyau.

Yawancin nau'ikan arrhythmias na iya faruwa a cikin yara, gami da:

• bugun zuciya mai sauri (tachycardia), nau'ikan da aka fi samu a cikin yara shine tachycardia supraventricular
• jinkirin bugun zuciya (bradycardia)
• dogon cutar Q-T (LQTS)
• Wolff-Parkinson-White ciwo (WPW ciwo)

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• rauni
• gajiya
• jiri
• suma
• wahalar ciyarwa

Magunguna sun dogara da nau'in arrhythmia da yadda yake shafar lafiyar yaron.

Cutar Kawasaki

Cutar Kawasaki cuta ce wacce ba kasafai ake samun cutar ba wacce ta fi shafar yara kuma zai iya haifar da kumburi a jijiyoyin jini a hannuwansu, ƙafafunsu, bakinsu, leɓɓa, da maƙogwaronsu. Hakanan yana haifar da zazzabi da kumburi a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph. Masu bincike ba su da tabbacin har yanzu abin da ke haifar da shi.

A cewar Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka (AHA), rashin lafiyar shine babban abin da ke haifar da yanayin zuciya a cikin kusan 1 cikin yara 4. Mafi yawansu ba su kai shekara 5 ba.

Jiyya ya dogara da girman cutar, amma galibi yakan haɗa da magani cikin gaggawa gamma globulin ko asfirin (Bufferin). Corticosteroids na iya wasu lokuta rage rikice-rikice na gaba. Yaran da ke fama da wannan cutar galibi suna buƙatar alƙawura na biye musu har tsawon rayuwa don kula da lafiyar zuciya.

Zuciyar ta yi gunaguni

Gunaguni na zuciya sauti ne na "mara kyau" wanda aka yi ta hanyar jini wanda ke zagayawa a ɗakunan zuciya ko bawul, ko kuma ta hanyoyin jini kusa da zuciya. Sau da yawa ba shi da lahani. Wasu lokuta yana iya sigina wata matsala ta zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Gunaguni na zuciya na iya faruwa ne ta hanyar cututtukan cututtukan yara na yara, zazzabi, ko kuma rashin jini. Idan likita ya ji wani mummunan yanayi na gunaguni a cikin yaro, za su yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cewa zuciyar na cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Gunaguni na zuciya "mara laifi" galibi suna warwarewa da kansu, amma idan matsala ta zuciya ta haifar da matsala da zuciya, yana iya buƙatar ƙarin magani.

Pericarditis

Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da siririn jakar ko membrane da ke kewaye da zuciya (pericardium) ya zama mai ƙonewa ko kamuwa da cuta. Adadin ruwa tsakanin layukansa biyu yana karuwa, yana lalata karfin zuciya na harba jini kamar yadda ya kamata.

Pericarditis na iya faruwa bayan tiyata don gyara CHD, ko kuma yana iya haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan kirji, ko cututtukan nama masu haɗi kamar lupus. Magunguna sun dogara da tsananin cutar, shekarun yaron, da lafiyar su gaba ɗaya.

Ciwon zuciya mai kumburi

Lokacin da ba a kula da shi ba, kwayar cutar ta streptococcus da ke haifar da makogwaro da jan zazzaɓi na iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya na rheumatic.

Wannan cuta na iya lalata lamuran zuciya da jijiyar zuciya har abada (ta hanyar haifar da kumburin tsoka na zuciya, da aka sani da suna myocarditis). A cewar Asibitin yara na Seattle, zazzabin rheumatic yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin yara ‘yan shekara 5 zuwa 15, amma yawanci alamun cututtukan zuciya na rashin jin daɗi ba sa bayyana shekaru 10 zuwa 20 bayan asalin cutar. Zazzabi mai zafi da cututtukan zuciya da suka biyo baya yanzu baƙon abu bane a cikin Amurka

Ana iya yin rigakafin wannan cutar ta hanzarta magance ƙwayar cuta a cikin makogwaro tare da maganin rigakafi.

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta

Wayoyin cuta, ban da haifar da cututtukan numfashi ko mura, na iya shafar lafiyar zuciya. Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da myocarditis, wanda na iya shafar ikon zuciya don harba jini a cikin jiki duka.

Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na zuciya ba safai ba kuma yana iya nuna symptomsan alamun. Lokacin da alamomi suka bayyana, suna kama da bayyanar cututtuka irin su mura, gami da gajiya, gajiyar numfashi, da kuma rashin jin kirji. Jiyya ya haɗa da magunguna da magunguna don alamun cututtukan myocarditis.