Nau'in Jaundice

Wadatacce

• Menene nau'ikan jaundice?
• Duk game da cututtukan cizon sauro
• Duk game da cutar rashin lafiya
• Duk game da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya
• Duk game da jaundice neonatal
• A zama na gaba

Menene nau'ikan jaundice?

Jaundice na faruwa idan bilirubin yayi yawa a cikin jini. Wannan yana sanya fatarka da fararen idanunka su zama rawaya mai ban sha'awa.

Bilirubin wani launi ne mai launin rawaya da aka ƙirƙira yayin da haemoglobin - ɓangaren ƙwayoyin jinin jini - ya lalace.

A ka’ida, ana kawo bilirubin daga hanyoyin jini zuwa cikin hanta. Bayan haka, yana wucewa ta bututun da ake kira bile ducts. Wadannan bututun suna dauke da wani abu da ake kira bile a cikin karamar hanjinka. Daga qarshe, ana yin bilirubin daga jikinka ta hanyar fitsari ko bayan gida.

An rarraba nau'ikan jaundice ta inda suke faruwa a cikin hanta cikin karɓar da tace bilirubin:

• pre-hepatic: kafin hanta
• hanta: a cikin hanta
• post-hepatic: bayan hanta

Duk game da cututtukan cizon sauro

Pre-hepatic jaundice yana faruwa ne ta hanyar yanayin da ke ƙara yawan jinin ku na hemolysis. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ake raba jajayen jini, ana sakin haemoglobin a koma cikin bilirubin.

Saboda hanta zata iya sarrafa bilirubin sosai a lokaci daya, bilirubin ya cika cikin kwayoyin jikin mutum.

Na pre-hepatic jaundice sune:

• zazzabin cizon sauro, cutar kamuwa da cuta da ke haifar da cutar
• cutar sikila anemia, yanayin kwayar halittar da jinin jajayen jini ya zama mai kama da jinjirin wata maimakon siffar diski
• spherocytosis, yanayin kwayar halittar jinin jikin jar jini wanda ke haifar musu da sifar madaidaiciya maimakon ta diski
• thalassaemia, yanayin kwayar halitta ne wanda yake sanya jikin ka yin nau'in haemoglobin wanda ba shi da tsari wanda yake iyakance adadin lafiyayyun kwayoyin jinin jini a cikin jinin ka

Alamun yau da kullun na cututtukan cizon sauro sun hada da:

• ciwon ciki
• zazzaɓi, haɗe da sanyi ko zufa mai sanyi
• asarar nauyi mara kyau
• jin ƙaiƙayi
• duhu fitsari ko kodadde kujeru

Wasu dalilai masu haɗari ga irin wannan jaundice sun haɗa da:

• amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
• samun dan uwa tare da cutar rashin jini
• tafiya zuwa yankuna masu fama da zazzabin cizon sauro

Don bincika jaundice na pre-hepatic, likitanku zai iya yin oda da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• wani fitsari don auna adadin wasu abubuwa a cikin fitsarin
• gwajin jini, kamar cikakken lissafin jini (CBC) ko gwajin aikin hanta don auna bilirubin da sauran abubuwa a cikin jini
• gwajin hoto, kamar MRI ko duban dan tayi, don bincika hanta, gallbladder, da bile ducts don yin sarauta da wasu nau'o'in jaundice
• hoton HIDA don taimakawa gano abubuwan toshewa ko wasu lamura a cikin hanta, gallbladder, bile ducts, da ƙananan hanji

Likitanka zai iya bincikar ku tare da cututtukan cizon sauro idan ba wata matsala game da bilirubin da hanta ke sarrafa shi ko cikin gallbladder da biliary ducts.

Jiyya don cututtukan cututtukan yara na iya haɗawa da:

Domin malaria:

• magunguna don taimakawa lalata ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta da hana ƙwayoyin cuta daga sake cutar hanta

Ga mai cutar sikila:

• karin jini daga lafiyayyen mai bayarwa
• rehydrating tare da intravenous (IV) ruwa
• magunguna don kowane cuta da ka iya haifar da rikicin sikila

Don spherocytosis:

• sinadarin folic acid
• karin jini saboda karancin jini
• tiyatar cire kumbiya don taimakawa ƙara rayuwar jinin jini da rage damar gallstones

Don thalassaemia:

• karin jini
• dashewar qashi
• tiyatar ciki ko tiyatar cirewar ciki

Duk game da cutar rashin lafiya

Ciwon cizon sauro yana faruwa yayin da hantar hanta ta yi rauni (wanda aka sani da suna cirrhosis), ya lalace, ko kuma rashin aiki. Wannan ya sa ba shi da tasiri sosai wajen tace bilirubin daga cikin jininka.

Tunda ba za a iya tace shi a cikin tsarin narkewar ku don cirewa ba, bilirubin yana ginawa har zuwa matakai masu girma a cikin jinku.

Maganin cutar hanta shine:

• hanta cirrhosis, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙwayoyin hanta suna jin tsoro ta hanyar ɗaukar hotuna na dogon lokaci zuwa cututtuka ko abubuwa masu guba, kamar yawan giya
• kwayar hepatitis, kumburin hanta wanda ɗayan ƙwayoyin cuta suka haifar wanda zai iya shiga jikin ku ta hanyar abinci mai cuta, ruwa, jini, kujeru, ko saduwa da jima'i
• firam na farko na biliary cirrhosis, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da larurar bile ta lalace kuma ba za su iya aiwatar da bile ba, wanda hakan ke haifar da shi a cikin hanta da lalacewar hanta
• ciwon hanta na giya, wanda kayan hanta ke bugu da nauyi, yawan shan giya na dogon lokaci
• leptospirosis, cuta ce ta kwayar cuta da ake yadawa ta dabbobin da suka kamu ko fitsarin dabbar da ke dauke da cutar ko kuma najasa
• ciwon hanta, wanda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke haɓaka kuma ya ninka cikin ƙwayoyin hanta

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan hanta sun hada da:

• rasa ci
• hanci jini
• fata itching
• rauni
• asarar nauyi mara kyau
• kumburin ciki ko ƙafafu
• duhu fitsari ko kodadde kujeru
• ciwo a cikin tsokoki ko haɗin gwiwa
• fata duhu
• zazzaɓi
• jin rashin lafiya
• amai

Wasu dalilai masu haɗari ga irin wannan jaundice sun haɗa da:

• amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
• shan giya mai yawa a lokaci mai tsawo
• amfani da magunguna wadanda zasu iya haifar da cutar hanta, kamar acetaminophen ko wasu magungunan zuciya
• cututtukan da suka gabata waɗanda suka shafi hanta

Don bincika cututtukan cututtukan hanta, likitanku zai iya yin oda ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen:

• wani fitsari don auna matakan abubuwa a cikin fitsarinku da suka shafi aikin hanta
• gwajin jini, kamar cikakken lissafin jini (CBC) da gwajin antibody, ko gwajin aikin hanta don auna bilirubin a cikin jini da matakan abubuwan da ke nuna cewa hanta ba za ta iya sarrafa bilirubin da kyau ba
• gwajin hoto, kamar MRI ko duban dan tayi, don bincika hanta don lalacewa ko don kasancewar ƙwayoyin kansa
• wani maganin kare lafiya, wanda ya shafi shigar da bakin ciki, bututu mai haske a cikin wani karamin ragi don duba hanta ka kuma dauki samfurin nama (biopsy) idan ya zama dole don nazarin kansar ko wasu yanayi

Likitanku zai iya bincika ku tare da cututtukan cututtukan hanta idan sun lura da lalacewar ƙwayar hanta akan sakamakon gwajin hoto ko ganin matakan da ba daidai ba na wasu abubuwa hanta, kamar albumin, ko ƙwayoyin cuta don cututtuka ko ciwon daji.

Jiyya don cutar cizon sauro na iya haɗawa da:

Don hanta cirrhosis:

• daina shan giya
• masu hana beta
• rigakafi (IV) maganin rigakafi
• rage cin abinci mai gina jiki

Don kwayar cutar hepatitis:

• maganin rigakafin cutar
• rigakafin hepatitis
• hutawa da ruwa mai yawa

Don firam na biliary cirrhosis:

• bile acid don taimakawa tare da narkewa
• maganin rage-bile
• antihistamines kamar diphenhydramine (Benadryl) don ƙaiƙayi

Don giya hepatitis:

• daina shan giya
• kayan abinci mai gina jiki
• dasa hanta, a cikin mawuyacin hali

Don leptospirosis:

• maganin rigakafi don kamuwa da cuta
• injin iska don matsalar numfashi
• dialysis domin cutar koda

Don ciwon hanta:

• chemotherapy ko radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa
• rabewar hanta
• dasa hanta

Duk game da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya

Ciwon bayan-hanta, ko jaundice mai hanawa, yana faruwa lokacin da bilirubin ba za a iya tsoma shi da kyau cikin bututun bile ko hanyar narkewa saboda toshewa.

Na post-hepatical jaundice sune:

• duwatsu masu tsakuwa, ƙwayoyin calcium masu wuya a cikin gallbladder wanda zai iya toshe bututun bile
• cutar sankara, ci gaba da yaduwar kwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin pancreas, wata kwayar halitta wacce ke taimakawa wajen samar da abubuwa masu narkewa
• bile butar kansa, ci gaba da yaduwar kwayar cutar kansa a cikin bututun bile
• pancreatitis, kumburi ko kamuwa da cutar larurar naku
• , yanayin kwayar halitta wanda kake da kunkuntar ko ɓata hanyar bile

Kwayar cututtukan yau da kullun na cutar cizon sauro sun hada da:

• jin rashin lafiya
• amai
• duhu fitsari ko kodadde kujeru
• ciwon ciki
• gudawa
• asarar nauyi mara kyau
• fata itching
• kumburin ciki
• zazzaɓi

Wasu dalilai masu haɗari ga irin wannan jaundice sun haɗa da:

• yin kiba
• cin abinci mai ƙoshin mai, mai ƙarancin fiber
• da ciwon sukari mellitus
• samun tarihin dangin gall
• kasancewa mace
• tsufa
• shan taba sigari
• yawan shan giya
• ciwon ciwon mara na baya
• ana nunawa ga sinadaran masana'antu

Don bincika jaundice na post-hepatic, likitanku zai iya yin oda ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen:

• wani fitsari don auna matakan abubuwa a cikin fitsarinku
• gwajin jini, kamar cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC) da gwajin antibody don cutar kansa, ko gwaje-gwajen aikin hanta don yin sarauta kan rashin lafiyar cutar cizon sauro
• gwajin hoto, kamar MRI ko duban dan tayi, don bincika hanta, gallbladder, da bile ducts don toshewa kamar gallstones ko ƙari
• wani maganin kare lafiya, wanda ya hada da saka bakin ciki, bututu mai haske a kasan esophagus don kallon hanta, gallbladder, ko bile ducts ka dauki samfurin nama idan ya zama dole don nazarin kansar ko wasu yanayi

Idan likitanku ya ga toshewa akan sakamakon gwajin hoto ko kuma ya sami matakan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke iya nuna cututtuka ko ciwon daji, wataƙila za su binciki cutar jaundice ɗinka a matsayin mai cutar bayan-hanta.

Jiyya don cutar cizon sauro na baya-bayan nan zai magance dalilin. Wannan ya hada da:

Don gallstones:

• canza abincin ku don dakatar da samar da duwatsun gall
• cire duwatsun tsakuwa ko mafitsara duka
• shan magunguna ko magunguna don narkar da tsakuwa

Don ciwon daji na pancreatic:

• yin aikin tiyata don cire kayan daji ko na mahaifa duka
• radiation ko chemotherapy don lalata ƙwayoyin kansa

Don cutar kansa ta bile:

• tiyata don cire bututun bile da ɓangarorin hanta da na huda
• radiation ko chemotherapy don lalata ƙwayoyin kansa
• dasa hanta

Don pancreatitis:

• huta
• magudanar jini (IV) ko maganin ciwo
• tiyata don cire duk wani abin da ke haifar da kumburi (kamar gallstones)

Don biliary atresia:

• tsarin Kasai don cirewa da maye gurbin bututun
• dasa hanta

Duk game da jaundice neonatal

Yonatal jaundice wani nau'in jaundice ne na yau da kullun wanda ke faruwa ga jarirai sabbin haihuwa.

Yawancin jarirai an haife su da jini mai yawa na jan jini, kuma saboda hanta ba ta ci gaba sosai ba tukuna, ba za a iya sarrafa bilirubin da sauri ba. A sakamakon haka, ɗanka na iya samun alamun cutar jaundice 'yan kwanaki bayan an haife su.

Nau'o'in jaundice na jarirai sun hada da:

• Ilimin halittar jiki. Wannan na faruwa ne saboda hanta bata cika zama ba tukunna.
• Tsarin lokaci. Wannan yana faruwa ne daga haihuwar da wuri da rashin ikon fitar da bilirubin da kyau.
• Shan nono. Jaundice na nono yana faruwa ne daga jaririn da yake fama da matsalar shayarwa ko rashin samun isasshen ruwan nono.
• Nau'in jini mara dacewa. Wannan yana faruwa ne daga jariri da mahaifiyarsu suna da nau'ikan jini daban, wanda zai iya sa uwa tayi kwayoyi masu karya garkuwar jikin jar jar.

Yonatal jaundice yawanci ba dalilin damuwa bane. Amma idan bilirubin ya girma har zuwa matakai masu girma, yaronka na iya fuskantar lalacewar kwakwalwa (wanda aka sani da suna kernicterus) daga bilirubin shiga cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa.

Nemi likita na gaggawa idan ka lura cewa ɗanka yana da ɗayan alamun bayyanar masu zuwa:

• dogon lokaci na kuka mai tsayi
• arching na wuyansu da baya
• zazzaɓi
• amai
• samun matsalar ciyarwa

A zama na gaba

Jaundice a bayyane yana nufin cewa akwai bilirubin da yawa a cikin jininka, amma asalin abin na iya bambanta sosai.

Duba likitanka kai tsaye idan ka lura da raunin fata ko fararen idanunka. Wasu dalilai ana iya magance su tare da canji a tsarin abincinku ko salon rayuwar ku, amma wasu na iya buƙatar yin tiyata kai tsaye ko magani na dogon lokaci.