Myeloid Leukemia mai tsanani (AML): menene, alamomi da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Bincike da rarrabuwa
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. Chemotherapy
• 2. Radiotherapy
• 3. dasawar qashi
• 4. Target far da kuma immunotherapy
• 5. Maganin kwayar cutar T-Cell

Myeloid leukemia mai tsanani, wanda aka fi sani da AML, wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke shafar ƙwayoyin jini kuma yana farawa a cikin ɓarke, wanda shine sashin da ke da alhakin samar da ƙwayoyin jini. Irin wannan cutar kansa tana da mafi girman damar warkarwa lokacin da aka gano ta a matakin farko, yayin da har yanzu babu wata cuta da ke haifar da alamomi kamar ƙimar nauyi da kumburin harsuna da ciki, misali.

Cutar myeloid mai saurin yaduwa yana saurin yaduwa kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin mutane na kowane zamani, duk da haka ya fi faruwa ga manya, saboda kwayoyin cutar kansa suna haɗuwa a cikin ɓarin ƙashi kuma ana sakasu cikin jini, inda ake tura su zuwa wasu gabobin., Kamar hanta , splin ko tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya, inda suke ci gaba da girma da haɓaka.

Za a iya yin maganin cutar sankarar bargo na myeloid a asibitin kansa kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin watanni 2 na farko, kuma aƙalla ana buƙatar ƙarin shekara 1 da magani don cutar ta warke.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Mafi yawan alamun bayyanar cututtuka na cutar sankarar bargo na myeloid sun haɗa da:

• Anemia, wanda yake halin raguwar adadin haemoglobin;
• Jin kasala da rashin cikakkiyar kulawa;
• Raguwa da ciwon kai wanda karancin jini ke haifarwa;
• Zubar da jini akai-akai wanda ke dauke da sauki na zubar hanci da yawan haila;
• Faruwar manyan raunuka ko da a cikin ƙananan shanyewar jiki;
• Rashin ci abinci da rage nauyi ba tare da wani dalili ba;
• Harsuna sun kumbura da ciwo, musamman a wuya da kuma makwancin gwaiwa;
• Yawaitar cututtuka;
• Jin zafi a cikin kasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Rashin numfashi da tari;
• Sweatara gumi da daddare, wanda ke jike tufafinku;
• Ciwan ciki na ciki sakamakon kumburin hanta da baƙin ciki.

Myeloid leukemia mai saurin gaske shine nau'in cutar kansa wanda yafi shafar manya kuma ana iya yinsa bayan bincike na jini, hujin lumbar da kuma biopsy biopsy biopsy.

Bincike da rarrabuwa

Binciken asalin cutar sankarar myeloid ya dogara ne da alamun cutar da mutum ya gabatar da sakamakon gwaji, kamar ƙididdigar jini, nazarin ɓarkewar ƙashi da ƙwayoyin cuta da gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta. Ta hanyar ƙidayar jini, yana yiwuwa a lura da raguwar adadin fararen ƙwayoyin jini, kasancewar ƙwayoyin jinin da basu balaga ba suna zagawa da ƙaramin jan jini da platelets. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, yana da mahimmanci a yi aikin myelogram, wanda a ciki ake yin sa daga huda da tarin samfurin kashin kashin, wanda aka bincika a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Fahimci yadda ake yin myelogram.

Don gano nau'in mukeloid na cutar sankarar bargo, yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da gwajin kwayoyin cuta da na immunohistochemical don gano halaye na ƙwayoyin da aka samu a cikin jini waɗanda ke halayyar cutar, wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don sanin yanayin cutar da kuma likita don nuna mafi dacewa magani.

Da zarar an gano nau'in AML, likita na iya ƙayyade hangen nesa da kafa damar samun waraka. Ana iya rarraba AML a cikin wasu ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, waɗanda sune:

Yadda ake yin maganin

Jiyya don cutar sankarar myeloid (AML) tana buƙatar nunawa ta hanyar masanin ilimin lissafi ko masanin jijiyoyin jini kuma ana iya yin ta ta hanyar fasahohi da yawa, kamar su chemotherapy, magunguna ko dashen ƙwayar ɓarna:

1. Chemotherapy

Jiyya ga mukeloid mukelom na farawa tare da wani nau'in ilimin kimiya wanda ake kira induction, wanda ke nufin yaƙar kansa, wannan yana nufin rage ƙwayoyin cuta har sai ba a gano su a gwajin jini ba ko a cikin myelogram, wanda shine binciken jinin da aka tattara kai tsaye daga jijiyar ƙashi.

Wannan nau'in magani ana nuna shi ta likitan jini, ana yin shi a asibitin asibiti na asibiti kuma ana yin sa ne ta hanyar amfani da magunguna kai tsaye zuwa jijiyar, ta hanyar bututun da aka sanya a gefen dama na kirji da ake kira tashar-a-cath ko ta hanyar shiga cikin jijiyar hannu.

A mafi yawan lokuta na myeloid leukemia mai tsanani, likita ya ba da shawarar cewa mutum ya karɓi jerin magunguna daban-daban, waɗanda ake kira ladabi, waɗanda galibi suna kan amfani da magunguna kamar su cytarabine da idarubicin, misali. Ana yin waɗannan ladabi a cikin matakai, tare da kwanaki na jiyya mai tsanani da kuma daysan kwanaki na hutu, wanda ke ba jikin mutum damar murmurewa, kuma adadin lokutan da za a yi ya dogara da tsananin AML.

Wasu daga cikin magunguna mafi mahimmanci don magance wannan cutar sankarar bargo, na iya zama:

Hakanan likita zai iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da corticosteroids, kamar su prednisone ko dexamethasone, a zaman wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar kulawa da cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani. Ana ci gaba da yin wani bincike ta yadda sabbin magunguna kamar su capecitabine, lomustine da guadecitabine suma ana amfani dasu don magance wannan cutar.

Bugu da kari, bayan an kawar da cutar tare da sanko, likita na iya nuna sabbin nau'o'in magani, wanda ake kira karfafawa, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an kawar da kwayoyin cutar kansa daga jiki. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan ƙarfafawar ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Jiyya ga cutar sankarar bargo na myeloid tare da chemotherapy na rage adadin fararen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin jikin jiki, kuma mutum yana da ƙananan rigakafi, wanda ke sa su zama masu saukin kamuwa da cututtuka. Sabili da haka, a wasu lokuta, ana buƙatar shigar da mutum a asibiti yayin jiyya kuma yana buƙatar amfani da maganin rigakafi, antiviral da antifungals don hana cututtuka daga tasowa. Duk da haka, sanannen abu ne ga sauran alamun bayyanar, kamar zafin gashi, kumburin jiki da fata tare da tabo. Koyi game da sauran illa masu illa na chemotherapy.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy wani nau'in magani ne wanda ke amfani da inji wanda ke fitar da jujjuya jiki cikin jiki don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa, amma, ba a amfani da wannan maganin sosai don myeloid leukemia mai tsanani kuma ana amfani dashi ne kawai a cikin yanayin da cutar ta bazu zuwa wasu gabobin, kamar kwakwalwa da gwaji, da za'a yi amfani da shi kafin daskarewar kashi ko kuma rage radadin ciwo a wani yanki na kashin jini wanda cutar sankarar jini ta mamaye.

Kafin fara zaman radiotherapy, likitan yayi wani shiri, yana duba hotunan abin da aka kirkita shi don a bayyana ainihin wurin da dole ne a kai ga fitilar a jiki sannan kuma, ana yin alamomi a fata, tare da takamaiman alkalami, don nuna madaidaicin matsayi a kan na'urar radiotherapy kuma saboda duk zaman koyaushe yana cikin wurin da aka yiwa alama.

Kamar jiyyar cutar sankara, irin wannan maganin na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa, kamar su gajiya, rashin ci, tashin zuciya, ciwon wuya da canjin fata kama da kunar rana a jiki. Learnara koyo game da kulawa da ya kamata a ɗauka yayin aikin rediyo.

3. dasawar qashi

Sakawar kashin kashi wani nau'i ne na karin jini da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin jini na hematopoietic da aka ɗauke kai tsaye daga ƙashin ƙashi na mai bayarwa mai dacewa, ko dai ta hanyar tiyatar jini daga ƙugu ko ta hanyar apheresis, wanda shine inji wanda ke raba ƙwayoyin jini ta hanyar catheter a cikin jijiya.

Wannan nau'in dasa shi galibi ana yin sa ne bayan an yi allurai masu yawa na chemotherapy ko kuma ana yin magungunan rediyo kuma sai bayan an gano ƙwayoyin kansar a cikin gwajin. Akwai nau'ikan dasawa daban-daban, kamar su masu kama da juna da kuma allogeneic, kuma ana nuna alamun ne ta hanyar likitan jini bisa ga halaye na cutar myeloid mai saurin cutar mutum. Duba ƙarin game da yadda ake yin dashen ƙashi da nau'ikan daban-daban.

4. Target far da kuma immunotherapy

Tsarin da aka tsara shi ne nau'in magani wanda ke amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda ke afkawa ƙwayoyin da ke fama da cutar sankarar bargo tare da takamaiman canjin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da raunin sakamako kaɗan fiye da cutar shan magani. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan magungunan da ake amfani dasu sune:

• Masu hana FLT3: wanda aka nuna don mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarar myeloid tare da maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittarFLT3 kuma wasu daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyi sune midostaurin da gilteritinib, ba a yarda da amfani da su a cikin Brazil ba tukuna;
• HDI masu hanawa: likita ya ba da shawarar don amfani da mutane masu cutar sankarar bargo tare da maye gurbiIDH1 koIDH2, wanda ke hana balaga mai kyau na ƙwayoyin jini. Masu hanawa na HDI, kamar enasidenib da ivosidenib, na iya taimaka wa ƙwayoyin sankarar jini su girma zuwa ƙwayoyin jini na yau da kullun.

Bugu da kari, ana amfani da wasu magungunan da ke aiki a kan takamaiman kwayoyin halitta a matsayin masu hana kwayar halittar BCL-2, kamar su venetoclax, misali. Koyaya, sauran magunguna na zamani wadanda suka danganci taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar jini, wanda aka sani da immunotherapy, suma likitocin hemato sun ba da shawarar sosai.

Magungunan Monoclonal sune magungunan rigakafi waɗanda aka kirkira azaman sunadarai na tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ke aiki ta hanyar haɗa kansu da bangon ƙwayoyin AML sannan kuma ya lalata su. Maganin gemtuzumab shine irin wannan magani wanda likitoci suka ba da shawarar kula da shi sosai don magance irin wannan cutar sankarar bargo.

5. Maganin kwayar cutar T-Cell

Kwayar halitta ta amfani da fasahar T-Cell na Car zaɓi zaɓi ne na magani ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ya ƙunshi cire ƙwayoyin daga tsarin garkuwar jiki, da aka sani da ƙwayoyin T, daga jikin mutum sannan a tura su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. A dakin gwaje-gwaje, wadannan kwayoyin suna gyaggyarawa kuma ana gabatar da abubuwa da ake kira CARs don su sami damar kai farmaki kan ƙwayoyin kansa.

Bayan an yi musu magani a dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana maye gurbin ƙwayoyin T a cikin mutumin da ke fama da cutar sankarar bargo don haka, idan aka gyaru, za su lalata ƙwayoyin da ke fama da cutar kansa. Wannan nau'in maganin har yanzu ana nazarinsa kuma SUS baya samunta. Bincika ƙarin game da yadda ake yin aikin T-Cell na Car da abin da za a iya magance shi.

Duba kuma bidiyo akan yadda za'a rage tasirin maganin kansa: