Hanta: inda yake, ayyuka da manyan cututtuka

Wadatacce

• Babban ayyuka
• 1. Narkar da kitse
• 2. Adana gulukos da saki
• 3. Samar da sunadarai
• 4. Kawar da guba
• 5. Kirjin Cholesterol
• 6. Adana bitamin da kuma ma'adanai
• 7. Lalacewar jan jini
• 8. Dokar daskarewa da jini
• 9. Canza ammoniya zuwa urea
• 10. Magungunan ƙwayoyi
• 11. Rushewar orananan .ananan halittu
• Manyan cututtukan hanta
• 1. Hanta mai kitse
• 2. Ciwon hanta
• 3. Ciwon Ciki
• 4. Ciwan hanta
• 5. Ciwon daji
• Gwajin cutar hanta kan layi
• Yaushe za a je likita

Hanta wani yanki ne wanda ke cikin tsarin narkewa, wanda yake a ɓangaren dama na ciki, a ƙasa da diaphragm kuma sama da ciki, ƙodar dama da hanji. Wannan kwayar tana da tsayin kusan 20 cm, tana da nauyin kusan kilogram 1.5 a cikin maza kuma kilogram 1.2 a mata kuma an raba ta cikin ƙananan lobes 4: dama, hagu, caudate da murabba'i.

Ofaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan hanta shine tace jini da kuma kawar da gubobi, amma kuma yana da wasu muhimman ayyuka masu yawa kamar samar da sunadarai, abubuwan haɓaka, triglycerides, cholesterol da bile, misali.

Hantar tana da babban ƙarfi don sabuntawa kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zai yiwu a ba da gudummawar wani ɓangare na wannan gabar, ba da gudummawa a rayuwa. Koyaya, akwai cututtuka da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar wannan ɓangaren, kamar su hanta, ƙoshin hanta ko ciwan ciki. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuntubi likitan hanta idan alamu sun bayyana wanda zai iya nuna cuta kamar ciwo a cikin ciki na sama ko launin rawaya ko idanu. Duba manyan alamun da ke iya nuna matsalar hanta.

Babban ayyuka

Hanta wani yanki ne wanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin jiki:

1. Narkar da kitse

Hanta ita ce babban gabobin da ke shiga cikin narkar da kitse a cikin abinci ta hanyar samar da bile, ruwan 'narkewar abinci, da ke iya ragargaza kitse a cikin mai mai, wanda ke saurin shiga cikin karamin hanji.

Bugu da kari, bile yana shafar ruwan ciki kuma yana narkar da ciki kuma yana da bilirubin, wani abu mai launin kore-rawaya wanda ke ba da launi ga ɗakuna.

2. Adana gulukos da saki

Hanta yana cire glucose mai yawa daga cikin jini kuma ya adana shi azaman glycogen, wanda ke aiki azaman tushen kuzari, yana kiyaye glucose na jini tsakanin abinci da aiki azaman glucose na jiki. Kamar yadda ake buƙata, wannan ɓangaren na iya canza glycogen zuwa cikin glucose, tare da aika shi zuwa jini don amfani da sauran kayan aiki.

Bugu da kari, hanta kuma yana iya canza galactose da fructose zuwa glucose don amfani azaman tushen makamashi.

3. Samar da sunadarai

Hanta ce ke samar da mafi yawan sunadaran da ake samu a cikin jini, galibi albumin, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita girman jini, wajen rarraba ruwa a jiki da kuma jigilar abubuwa daban-daban a cikin jini kamar bilirubin, fatty acid, hormones, bitamin, enzymes, karafa, ions da wasu magunguna.

Sauran sunadaran da hanta ke samarwa sun hada da transferrin, wanda ke safarar baƙin ƙarfe zuwa ga saifa da bargon ƙashi, da fibrinogen, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga daskarewar jini.

4. Kawar da guba

Hanta tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare jiki daga abubuwa masu guba kamar su giya, misali, ta hanyar samun ikon tace jini, cire guba da ake aikawa zuwa ƙoda da cirewa ta fitsari.

5. Kirjin Cholesterol

Hanta tana samarda cholesterol daga abinci mai mai mai nauyi, wanda kwayoyin da ake kira lipoproteins, irin su LDL da HDL suke daukar shi a cikin jini.

Cholesterol ya zama dole don aikin al'ada na jiki, shiga cikin samar da bitamin D, hormones irin su testosterone da estrogen, da bile acid da ke narkar da mai, ban da kasancewarsu a cikin membrane na dukkan ƙwayoyin jiki.

6. Adana bitamin da kuma ma'adanai

Hanta tana adana bitamin A, B12, D, E da K, waɗanda suke sha ta abinci kuma suna rarraba su cikin jiki ta hanyoyin jini. Wadannan bitamin suna da mahimmanci ga girma da ci gaban fatar jiki, don inganta lafiyar ido, karfafa garkuwar jiki, baya ga karfafa kasusuwa da hakora.

Wasu ma'adanai, kamar baƙin ƙarfe da tagulla, ana kuma adana su a cikin hanta kuma suna da mahimmanci ga halayen sinadarai daban-daban a cikin jiki, kamar samar da makamashi wanda ke kula da aikin ƙwayoyin halitta, hada sunadarai irin su collagen da elastin, kariya daga masu saurin kawo canji da kuma samuwar sunadarai a cikin hanta.

7. Lalacewar jan jini

Hanta a koyaushe tana shiga cikin lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, wanda kuma ake kira jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, wanda ke rayuwa tsawon kwana 120.

Lokacin da wadannan kwayoyin suka tsufa ko kuma basu dace ba, hanta tana narkar da jajayen kwayoyin jini sannan ta fitar da karfen da ke cikin wadannan kwayoyin a cikin jini ta yadda kashin kashin zai samar da karin jajayen kwayoyin jini.

8. Dokar daskarewa da jini

Hanta yana shiga cikin tsarin ƙulla jini ta hanyar ƙara shan bitamin K ta hanyar samar da bile, ban da adana wannan bitamin a cikin ƙwayoyinta, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kunna platelets waɗanda ke inganta daskarewar jini.

9. Canza ammoniya zuwa urea

Hanta yana canza ammoniya, wanda ya samo asali daga sunadaran gina jiki, kuma wanda yake da guba ga jiki, zuwa urea, yana ba da izinin kawar da wannan abu ta fitsari.

10. Magungunan ƙwayoyi

Hanta ita ce babban gabobin da ke narke magunguna, giya da kwayoyi na zagi, kamar yadda yake samar da enzymes masu ƙasƙantar da kuma kashe waɗannan abubuwa, suna fifita kawar da su ta hanyar fitsari ko najasa.

Wannan aikin hanta yana da mahimmanci don hana maye ta waɗannan nau'ikan abubuwa, amma kuma yana iya zama mahimmanci a kunna wasu magunguna kamar omeprazole ko capecitabine, waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗarin hanta don aiwatar da tasirinsa.

11. Rushewar orananan .ananan halittu

Hantar tana da kwayoyin kariya, wadanda ake kira da kwayoyin Kupffer, masu iya lalata kananan kwayoyin kamar kwayar cuta ko kwayoyin cuta wadanda zasu iya shiga cikin hanta ta hanji, su haifar da cuta.

Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna iya tsayayya da cututtuka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar abubuwan rigakafi da cire ƙwayoyin cuta daga cikin jini.

Manyan cututtukan hanta

Kodayake kwaya ce ta juriya, akwai matsaloli da yawa da zasu iya shafar hanta. Sau da yawa, mutum ba zai iya nuna alamun bayyanar ba, daga ƙarshe ya gano canjin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun wanda ke tantance enzymes na hanta kamar ALT, AST, GGT, alkaline phosphatase da bilirubin, ko ta hanyar gwajin hoto kamar su tomography ko duban dan tayi, misali.

Babban cututtukan da zasu iya shafar hanta sun haɗa da:

1. Hanta mai kitse

Hanta mai kiba, wanda aka sani a kimiyance kamar hanta mai kiba, yana faruwa ne idan akwai tarin kitse a cikin hanta, yawanci yakan haifar da yawan shan giya, rashin cin abinci mara kyau ko kuma cututtuka kamar su kiba, ciwon suga da babban cholesterol.

Da farko, hanta mai kiba ba ta haifar da alamomi, amma a matakan ci gaba zai iya haifar da bayyanar alamomin kamar ciwo a ciki, rage nauyi, kasala da rashin lafiyar gaba daya, tare da jiri da amai, misali. Jiyya ya haɗa da canje-canje a cikin abinci, canje-canje a tsarin rayuwa da / ko maganin rashin lafiya wanda ƙila ya haifar da tarin kitse a cikin hanta. Duba yadda yakamata ayi abinci mai hanta mai kyau.

2. Ciwon hanta

Cutar hepatitis wani kumburi ne na hanta da ka iya faruwa sakamakon kamuwa da cutar hepatitis A, B, C, D ko E, amma kuma ya zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da ke cin zarafin giya, magunguna ko magunguna. Bugu da kari, wasu cututtukan ciki da kiba na iya kara barazanar hepatitis.

Mafi yawan alamun bayyanar sune fata ko idanu rawaya kuma magani ya dogara da abin da ya haifar da wannan kumburi. Ara koyo game da nau'ikan ciwon hanta da yadda ake magance shi.

3. Ciwon Ciki

Cutar cirrhosis na faruwa ne a lokacin da gubobi, barasa, mai a cikin hanta ko ciwon hanta ke haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin hanta na dindindin, wanda ke haifar da maye gurbin waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ƙwayar fibrous, kamar dai yana da tabo, yana hana aikin wannan ɓangaren, wanda zai haifar da gazawar hanta .

Wannan cuta na iya nuna alamun ba yayin da take matakin farko ba, amma a cikin ci gaban da ya ci gaba yana iya haifar da ciwo a cikin ciki, fitsari mai duhu ko kuma mara farin ciki, misali. Koyi sauran alamun cututtukan cirrhosis da yadda ake yin magani.

4. Ciwan hanta

Rashin ciwon hanta shine cutar hanta mafi haɗari, saboda ta kasa aiwatar da ayyukanta kuma tana iya haifar da jerin rikice-rikice kamar matsaloli na daskarewa, kumburin ciki, ciwon huhu ko koda.

Wannan cuta galibi tana tasowa bayan shekaru da yawa na maimaita lalacewar hanta, sanadiyyar amfani da magani, hepatitis, cirrhosis, hanta mai haɗari, ciwon daji ko cututtukan autoimmune kuma ana kusan maganceta tare da dashen hanta. Gano yadda ake yin dashen hanta.

5. Ciwon daji

Ciwon hanta wani nau'i ne na mummunan ƙwayar cuta wanda idan ya kasance a matakin farko ba zai iya samun alamu ba, amma yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, alamun alamun kamar ciwo a ciki, rage nauyi, kumburi a cikin ciki ko fata kuma idanun rawaya na iya bayyana, misali, kuma ana iya yin magani tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ko dasawa ta hanta. Koyi yadda ake gano alamun kansar hanta.

Irin wannan ciwon daji na iya faruwa ne ta hanyar tarihin dangin kansa na hanta, shaye-shaye, cirrhosis, ciwon hanta ko sinadarai irin su vinyl chloride ko arsenic.

Gwajin cutar hanta kan layi

Don gano ko kuna da cutar hanta, bincika abin da kuke ji:

1. 1. Shin kuna jin zafi ko damuwa a cikin ɓangaren dama na ciki na ciki?
2. 2. Shin kana yawan jin jiki ko yawan damuwa?
3. 3. Shin kana yawan ciwon kai?
4. 4. Kana jin kasala cikin sauƙi?
5. 5. Shin kuna da launuka masu launin shuɗi a fatar ku?
6. 6. Shin idanun ku ko fata rawaya ne?
7. 7. Fitsarinki yayi duhu?
8. 8. Shin kun ji rashin cin abinci?
9. 9. Shin ko barorinka rawaya ne, launin toka ne ko fari?
10. 10. Shin kana jin cewa cikin ka ya kumbura?
11. 11. Shin kana jin ƙaiƙayi a duk jikinka?

Yaushe za a je likita

Wasu alamun alamun da zasu iya nuna cutar hanta suna buƙatar kulawa da likita da wuri-wuri kuma sun haɗa da:

• Fata mai launin rawaya ko idanu;
• Jin zafi a ciki;
• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Jiki mai ƙaiƙayi;
• Kumburi a cikin ciki;
• Tashin zuciya ko amai da jini;
• Jin cikewa koda bayan cin abinci mara nauyi;
• Rashin ci ko rashi;
• Fitsari mai duhu;
• Haske ko sandunan fari;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Bayyanar rauni ko rauni a jiki.

A wa annan lokuta, likita na iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje kamar jini ko hoto, alal misali, don gano cutar da bayar da shawarar magani mafi dacewa.