Menene Medulla Oblongata Yayi kuma Ina Ya Kasance?

Wadatacce

• Ina ne medulla oblongata yake?
• Menene medlong oblongata yayi?
• Menene zai faru idan medulla oblongata ya lalace?
• Shin akwai wasu cututtukan da ke shafar medulla oblongata?
• Cutar Parkinson
• Wallenberg ciwo
• Ciwon Dejerine
• Ciwon ƙwayar medullary na tsakiya
• Reinhold ciwo
• Maɓallin kewayawa

Brainwaƙwalwarka kawai take ɗaukar nauyin jikinka, amma tana amfani da sama da 20% na ƙarfin jikinka duka.

Tare da kasancewa shafin yanar gizo na tunani mai hankali, kwakwalwar ku kuma tana sarrafa mafi yawan ayyukan rashin son jikin ku. Yana gaya muku glandonku lokacin fitowar hormones, yana daidaita numfashinku, kuma yana gayawa zuciyar ku yadda saurin bugawa yake.

Oblongata na medulla yakai kashi 0.5% na adadin nauyin kwakwalwarka, amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita wadancan hanyoyin. Idan ba tare da wannan muhimmin sashin kwakwalwarka ba, jikinka da kwakwalwarka ba za su iya sadarwa da juna ba.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamu bincika inda medulla oblongata yake kuma mu rushe ayyukanta da yawa.

Ina ne medulla oblongata yake?

Matsakaicin ku na medulla yana kama da buguwa a ƙarshen kwakwalwar kwakwalwar ku, ko ɓangaren kwakwalwar ku wanda ke haɗuwa da lakar kashin bayan ku. Hakanan yana kwance a gaban ɓangaren kwakwalwarka da ake kira cerebellum.

Bellwaƙarku tana kama da ƙaramar kwakwalwa da ta haɗu a bayan kwakwalwar ku. A zahiri, sunansa a zahiri yana fassara zuwa “ƙaramar kwakwalwa” daga Latin.

Ramin da ke cikin kwanyar ka wanda zai bar jijiyar kashin ka ta wuce ana kiran ka da girman ka. Oblongata na medulla yana kusa da matakin ɗaya ko ɗan sama da wannan ramin.

A saman medulla ɗinka ya haifar da bene na huɗu na kwakwalwarka. Ventricles sune ramuka masu cike da jijiyoyin kashin baya wanda ke taimakawa samarwa kwakwalwarka abubuwan gina jiki.

Menene medlong oblongata yayi?

Duk da ƙaramin girmanta, oblongata na medulla yana da mahimman matsayi masu yawa. Yana da mahimmanci don sake ba da labari tsakanin layinku da kwakwalwa. Hakanan yana daidaita tsarin jijiyoyin ku da na numfashi. Hudu daga cikin 12 naka sun samo asali ne daga wannan yankin.

Kwakwalwarka da kashin bayanka suna sadarwa ne ta hanyar ginshikan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi wadanda ke bi ta cikin jikinka wanda ake kira sassan kashin baya. Waɗannan yankuna zasu iya hawa (aika bayanai zuwa kwakwalwarka) ko saukowa (kawo bayanai zuwa lakar kashin ka).

Kowane ɗayan kashin bayanku yana ɗauke da takamaiman nau'in bayani. Misali, hanyar mahaifa ta spinothalamic tana dauke da bayanai masu alaƙa da zafi da zafin jiki.

Idan wani ɓangare na medulla ɗinka ya lalace, zai iya haifar da rashin iya yin sako da wani nau'in saƙo tsakanin jikinka da kwakwalwarka. Nau'in bayanan da waɗannan sassan jikin mutum ke ɗauke da su sun haɗa da:

• zafi da jin dadi
• danyen tabawa
• lafiya tabawa
• proprioception
• hangen nesa
• fahimtar matsa lamba
• kula da tsokoki
• daidaitawa
• sautin tsoka
• aikin ido

Gicciyenka daga gefen hagu na kwakwalwarka zuwa gefen dama na kashin bayanka a cikin layinku. Idan ka lalata gefen hagu na medulla dinka, zai haifar da asarar aikin mota zuwa gefen dama na jikinka. Hakanan, idan gefen dama na medulla ya lalace, zai shafi gefen hagu na jikinku.

Menene zai faru idan medulla oblongata ya lalace?

Idan medulla dinka ya lalace, kwakwalwarka da layin ka ba zasu iya yada bayanai da kyau ga junan su ba.

Lalacewa ga medlong oblongata na iya haifar da:

• matsalolin numfashi
• lalacewar harshe
• amai
• asarar gagai, atishawa, ko saurin tari
• matsaloli haɗiyewa
• asarar kulawar tsoka
• matsalolin daidaitawa
• shaƙuwa mara izini
• asarar jin dadi a gabobin jiki, akwati, ko fuska

Shin akwai wasu cututtukan da ke shafar medulla oblongata?

Iri-iri matsaloli daban-daban na iya bunkasa idan medulla ta lalace saboda bugun jini, lalacewar kwakwalwa, ko rauni na kai kai tsaye. Kwayar cututtukan da suka bayyana sun dogara ne da ɓangaren medulla ɗinka wanda aka lalata.

Cutar Parkinson

Cutar Parkinson cuta ce mai ci gaba wacce ke shafar kwakwalwar ku da tsarin juyayi. Babban alamun sune:

• rawar jiki
• jinkirin motsi
• tauri a cikin gabobin da akwati
• matsala daidaita

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin abin da ke haifar da cutar ta Parkinson ba, amma yawancin alamun sun samo asali ne daga lalacewar jijiyoyin da ke samar da kwayar cutar da ake kira dopamine.

Ana tunanin cewa lalacewar kwakwalwa yana farawa ne daga kafin ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan kwakwalwa. Mutane da ke fama da cutar Parkinson akai-akai suna fama da larurar zuciya irin su daidaita bugun zuciya da hawan jini.

Nazarin 2017, wanda aka gudanar a kan marasa lafiya 52 tare da cutar ta Parkinson, ya kafa hanyar haɗi ta farko tsakanin cututtukan medulla da na Parkinson. Sun yi amfani da fasahar MRI don gano rashin daidaiton tsarin a cikin sassan medulla da ke da alaƙa da matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jiki mutane da ke fama da cutar Parkinson sau da yawa.

Wallenberg ciwo

Wallenberg ciwo kuma ana kiranta da cutar rashin lafiya ta gefe. Yawanci yakan samo asali ne daga bugun jini kusa da medulla. Alamun yau da kullun na rashin lafiyar Wallenberg sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin haɗiye
• jiri
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• matsalolin daidaitawa
• shaƙuwa mara izini
• asarar zafi da yanayin zafin jiki a cikin rabin fuska
• suma a gefe ɗaya na jiki

Ciwon Dejerine

Ciwon Dejerine ko cututtukan medullary wani yanayi ne mai wuya wanda ke shafar ƙasa da 1% na mutanen da ke da shanyewar jiki da ke shafar ɓangaren kwakwalwar su. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• rauni na hannu da kafa a gefe na gefen lalacewar kwakwalwa
• raunin harshe a gefe guda na lalacewar kwakwalwa
• asarar jin dadi a gefe na gefen lalacewar kwakwalwa
• gurguntar sassan jiki a gefe na gefen lalacewar kwakwalwa

Ciwon ƙwayar medullary na tsakiya

Ciwon ƙwayar medullary na tsakiya yana da wahala daga bugun jini. Kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na mutanen da ke da shanyewar jiki a ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar su ke inganta wannan yanayin. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• rashin numfashi
• inna daga dukkan gaɓoɓi huɗu
• lalacewar harshe

Reinhold ciwo

Reinhold syndrome ko hemimedullary ciwo yana da ƙima sosai. Akwai kawai game da wallafe-wallafen likita waɗanda suka ɓullo da wannan yanayin. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• inna
• asarar azanci a gefe ɗaya
• asarar kulawar tsoka a gefe guda
• Ciwon Horner
• asarar hasara a gefe ɗaya na fuska
• tashin zuciya
• wahalar magana
• amai

Maɓallin kewayawa

Oblongata na medulla yana a gindin kwakwalwarka, inda kwayar kwakwalwa ke hada kwakwalwa da lakar kashin ka. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen isar da saƙonni tsakanin kashin bayanku da kwakwalwa. Har ila yau yana da mahimmanci don daidaita tsarin zuciyarka da na numfashi.

Idan medlong oblongata ya lalace, zai iya haifar da gazawar numfashi, shanyewar jiki, ko asarar ji.