Pneumomediastinum

Wadatacce

• Dalili da abubuwan haɗari
• Kwayar cututtuka
• Ganewar asali
• Jiyya da zaɓin gudanarwa
• Pneumomediastinum a cikin jarirai
• Outlook

Bayani

Pneumomediastinum iska ne a tsakiyar kirji (mediastinum).

Matsakancin yana zaune tsakanin huhu. Ya ƙunshi zuciya, ƙwayar cuta, da wani ɓangaren esophagus da trachea. Iska zata iya zama cikin tarko a wannan yankin.

Iska na iya shiga cikin matsakaitan rauni daga rauni, ko kuma yoyo daga huhu, trachea, ko esophagus. Pontomous pneumomediastinum (SPM) wani nau'i ne na yanayin da ba shi da sanannen sanadi.

Dalili da abubuwan haɗari

Pneumomediastinum na iya faruwa yayin da matsi ya tashi a cikin huhu kuma ya haifar da jakar iska (alveoli). Wata hanyar da za ta iya yiwuwa ita ce lalacewar huhu ko wasu gine-ginen da ke kusa da ke ba iska damar shiga cikin tsakiyar kirji.

Dalilin cutar pneumomediastinum sun hada da:

• rauni a kirji
• tiyata zuwa wuya, kirji, ko ciki na sama
• hawaye a cikin esophagus ko huhu daga rauni ko aikin tiyata
• ayyukan da ke matsa lamba ga huhu, kamar motsa jiki mai tsanani ko haihuwa
• saurin canji a cikin matsin iska (barotrauma), kamar daga tashi da sauri yayin ruwa
• yanayin da ke haifar da tari mai tsanani, kamar asma ko cututtukan huhu
• amfani da na’urar numfashi
• amfani da magungunan sha, kamar su hodar iblis ko tabar wiwi
• cututtukan kirji kamar tarin fuka
• cututtukan da ke haifar da tabon huhu (cututtukan huhu na tsakiya)
• amai
• motsin Valsalva (busawa da ƙarfi yayin da kake ƙasa, dabarar da ake amfani da ita don buɗe kunnuwanka)

Wannan yanayin yana da wuya sosai. Yana shafar tsakanin 1 cikin 7,000 da 1 cikin 45,000 na mutanen da aka shigar da su asibiti. an haifeshi dashi.

suna iya kamuwa da pneumomediastinum fiye da manya. Wannan saboda kayan kyallen da ke kirjinsu suna kwance kuma suna iya barin iska ta zube.

Sauran abubuwan haɗarin sun haɗa da:

• Jinsi. Maza sune mafi yawan lokuta (), musamman ma maza daga 20s zuwa 40s.
• Cutar huhu. Pneumomediastinum ya fi zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da ke fama da asma da sauran cututtukan huhu.

Kwayar cututtuka

Babban alama ta pneumomediastinum shine ciwon kirji. Wannan na iya zuwa kwatsam kuma yana iya zama mai tsanani. Sauran alamun sun hada da:

• karancin numfashi
• numfashi mai wahala ko mara zurfi
• tari
• wuyan wuya
• amai
• matsala haɗiye
• sautin hanci ko ƙura
• iska a ƙarƙashin fatar kirji (ƙananan fata emphysema)

Likitanku na iya jin ƙarar sauti a cikin lokaci tare da bugun zuciyarku lokacin sauraron kirjinku tare da stethoscope. Ana kiran wannan alamar Hamman.

Ganewar asali

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje guda biyu don tantance wannan yanayin:

• Lissafin lissafi (CT). Wannan gwajin yana amfani da hasken rana don ƙirƙirar cikakken hotunan huhunka. Zai iya nuna ko iska tana cikin matsakaici.
• X-ray. Wannan gwajin hoto yana amfani da kananan allurai don yin hotunan huhunku. Zai iya taimakawa gano dalilin zubewar iska.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya bincika hawaye a cikin jijiyar wuya ko huhu:

• Esophagogram shine hoton-ray na esophagus wanda aka ɗauka bayan ka haɗiye barium.
• Esophagoscopy yana wucewa wani bututu a bakinka ko hancin ka don duba esophagus dinka.
• Bronchoscopy yana saka siririn bututu mai haske wanda ake kira bronchoscope a cikin hanci ko bakinka don bincika hanyoyin iska.

Jiyya da zaɓin gudanarwa

Pneumomediastinum ba mai tsanani bane. Iska daga karshe zai dawo jikinka. Babban burin magance shi shine gudanar da alamomin ku.

zai kwana a asibiti domin lura. Bayan wannan, magani ya ƙunshi:

• kwanciyar hutu
• masu magance ciwo
• anti-tashin hankali kwayoyi
• maganin tari
• maganin rigakafi, idan kamuwa da cuta ya shiga

Wasu mutane na iya buƙatar oxygen don taimaka musu numfashi. Oxygen zai iya saurin sake dawo da iska a cikin mediastinum.

Duk wani yanayi da zai iya haifar da iska, kamar asma ko cutar huhu, ana buƙatar magani.

Pneumomediastinum wani lokacin yakan faru tare da pneumothorax. Pneumothorax huhu ne wanda ya rushe sanadiyyar iska ta iska tsakanin huhu da bangon kirji. Mutanen da ke da cutar pneumothorax na iya buƙatar bututun kirji don taimakawa magudanar iska.

Pneumomediastinum a cikin jarirai

Irin wannan yanayin ba safai ake samun sa a jarirai ba, wanda ya shafi kaso 0.1% na dukkan jariran da aka haifa. Doctors sunyi imanin cewa an haifar da shi ne ta hanyar bambanci tsakanin matsin lamba tsakanin jakar iska (alveoli) da kuma kyallen da ke kusa dasu. Iska yana malala daga alveoli kuma yana shiga cikin mediastinum.

Pneumomediastinum ya fi zama gama gari ga jarirai waɗanda:

• suna kan na'urar motsa jiki don taimaka musu numfashi
• numfasawa (aspirate) motsawar hanjin su na farko (meconium)
• da ciwon huhu ko wani ciwon huhu

Wasu jariran da ke cikin wannan yanayin ba su da wata alama. Sauran suna da alamun cutar numfashi, gami da:

• rashin saurin numfashi
• gurnani
• fadada hancinsa

Yaran da ke da alamun cutar za su sami iskar oxygen don taimaka musu numfashi. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya haifar da yanayin, za'a magance shi tare da maganin rigakafi. Ana kulawa da jarirai a hankali daga baya don tabbatar da iska ta watse.

Outlook

Kodayake bayyanar cututtuka kamar ciwon kirji da gajeren numfashi na iya zama abin firgita, pneumomediastinum yawanci ba mai tsanani bane. Maras lafiyar pneumomediastinum sau da yawa yakan inganta da kansa.

Da zarar yanayin ya tafi, ba zai dawo ba. Koyaya, yana iya wucewa ko dawowa idan ya faru ne ta hanyar maimaita hali (kamar amfani da ƙwayoyi) ko rashin lafiya (kamar asma). A waɗannan yanayin, hangen nesa ya dogara da dalilin.