Ta Yaya Gwajin Rashin Lafiyar Magungunan Magunguna Yayin Ciki?
Wadatacce
- Yaushe yakamata kayi la'akari da gwaji?
- Wani irin gwaji ake amfani da shi?
- Yaya ake yin gwaje-gwajen?
- Shin akwai haɗari ga yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?
- Halittar jini ta SMA
- Nau'in SMA da zaɓuɓɓukan magani
- SMA nau'in 0
- SMA nau'in 1
- SMA nau'in 2
- SMA nau'in 3
- SMA nau'in 4
- Zaɓuɓɓukan magani
- Yanke shawara ko don samun gwajin haihuwa
- Takeaway
Atrophy na muscular atrophy (SMA) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke raunana tsokoki cikin jiki. Wannan yana da wahalar motsawa, haɗiye, kuma a wasu lokuta numfashi.
SMA ya samo asali ne daga maye gurbi da aka samu daga iyaye zuwa yara. Idan kun kasance masu ciki kuma ku ko abokin tarayya yana da tarihin iyali na SMA, likitanku na iya ƙarfafa ku kuyi la'akari da gwajin kwayar halittar haihuwa.
Yin gwajin kwayar halitta yayin daukar ciki na iya zama damuwa. Likitan ku da mai ba da shawara kan ilimin kwayoyin halitta na iya taimaka muku fahimtar zaɓin gwajin ku don ku yanke shawarar da ta dace da ku.
Yaushe yakamata kayi la'akari da gwaji?
Idan kana da juna biyu, zaka iya yanke shawarar yiwa SMA gwajin haihuwa kafin:
- ku ko abokin zaman ku suna da tarihin iyali na SMA
- ku ko abokin tarayyar ku sanannen mai jigilar kwayoyin halittar SMA ne
- gwaje-gwajen gwajin ciki na farko sun nuna cewa rashin samun damar haihuwar jaririn da cututtukan kwayoyin halitta ya fi matsakaita
Shawara game da ko ayi gwajin kwayoyin abu na mutum ne. Kuna iya yanke shawara kada kuyi gwajin kwayar halitta, koda kuwa SMA yana gudana a cikin danginku.
Wani irin gwaji ake amfani da shi?
Idan ka yanke shawarar yin gwajin jinin haihuwa na SMA, nau'ikan gwajin zai dogara ne da matakin ciki.
Chorionic villus Sampling (CVS) gwaji ne da ake yi tsakanin sati 10 zuwa 13 na ciki. Idan kayi wannan gwajin, za'a dauki samfurin DNA daga mahaifa. Mahaifa ne gabobin da ke cikin lokacin daukar ciki kawai kuma yana samar da tayin abubuwan gina jiki.
Amniocentesis shine gwajin da aka yi tsakanin makonni 14 zuwa 20 na ciki. Idan kayi wannan gwajin, za'a tattara samfurin DNA daga ruwan amniotic a mahaifar ku. Ruwan amniotic shine ruwa wanda yake zagaye tayi.
Bayan an tattara samfurin DNA, za a gwada shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don sanin ko tayin yana da kwayar cutar SMA. Tunda ana yin CVS a farkon ciki, zaku sami sakamako a matakin farko na cikinku.
Idan sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa ɗayanku na iya samun tasirin SMA, likitanku na iya taimaka muku fahimtar zaɓinku don ci gaba. Wasu mutane suna yanke shawara don ci gaba da ɗaukar ciki da bincika zaɓuɓɓukan magani, yayin da wasu na iya yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen ciki.
Yaya ake yin gwaje-gwajen?
Idan ka yanke shawarar shan CVS, likitanka na iya amfani da ɗayan hanyoyi biyu.
An san hanyar farko da CVS mai rikitarwa. Ta wannan hanyar, wani mai bada kiwon lafiya ya sanya wata allurar siriri a cikin cikin ka domin tattara wani samfuri daga mahaifarka don gwaji. Suna iya amfani da maganin sa kai na cikin gida don rage rashin jin daɗi.
Sauran zaɓi shine CVS mai kwakwalwa. A wannan hanyar, mai ba da kiwon lafiya yana sanya bututun bakin ciki ta cikin al'aurarku da mahaifar mahaifa don isa ga mahaifa. Suna amfani da bututun don daukar karamin samfuri daga mahaifa domin gwaji.
Idan ka yanke shawarar yin gwaji ta hanyar amniocentesis, mai ba da kiwon lafiya zai saka dogon allura na bakin ciki ta cikin cikin cikin jakar ruwan ciki da ke kewaye da tayi. Zasu yi amfani da wannan allurar don zana samfurin ruwan amniotic.
Ga duka CVS da amniocentesis, ana amfani da hoto ta duban dan tayi a duk cikin aikin don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa an yi shi lafiya kuma daidai.
Shin akwai haɗari ga yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?
Samun ɗayan ɗayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen haihuwa don cutar SMA na iya haɓaka haɗarin ɓarin ciki. Tare da CVS, akwai damar 1 cikin 100 na ɓarin ciki. Tare da amniocentesis, haɗarin ɓarin ciki ya gaza 1 cikin 200.
Abu ne na yau da kullun don samun ɗan wahala ko rashin jin daɗi yayin aikin da na foran awanni bayan haka. Kuna iya so wani ya zo tare da ku kuma ya kore ku daga hanya.
Ungiyar lafiyar ku na iya taimaka muku yanke shawara idan haɗarin gwaji ya fi ƙarfin fa'idodi.
Halittar jini ta SMA
SMA cuta ce mai rikitarwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa yanayin yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yara waɗanda ke da kwafi biyu na kwayar cutar da abin ya shafa. Da SMN1 lambar lambobi don furotin na SMN. Idan duka kwafin wannan jigidar sun lalace, yaro zai sami SMA. Idan kwafi ɗaya kawai ya lalace, yaro zai zama mai ɗauka, amma ba zai inganta yanayin ba.
Da SMN2 kwayar halitta ta kuma sanya lambobi don wasu furotin na SMN, amma ba yawa daga wannan furotin kamar yadda jiki ke bukata ba. Mutane suna da fiye da kofi ɗaya na SMN2 kwayar halitta, amma ba kowa ke da adadin adadin kwafin ba. Copiesarin kofe na koshin lafiya SMN2 kwayar halitta tana daidaita da SMA mara nauyi sosai, kuma ƙananan kwafi suna dacewa da SMA mai tsananin gaske.
A kusan dukkanin lamura, yara da SMA sun gaji kwafin kwayar cutar da abin ya shafa daga iyayen biyu. A cikin wasu mawuyacin yanayi, yara da SMA sun gaji kwafi ɗaya na kwayar cutar da abin ya shafa kuma suna da maye gurbi a ɗayan kwafin.
Wannan yana nufin cewa idan mahaifi ɗaya ne ya ɗauki kwayar cutar ta SMA, ɗansu zai iya ɗaukar kwayar kuma - amma akwai ƙaramar damar da ɗansu zai bunkasa SMA.
Idan duka abokan biyu suna dauke da kwayar cutar da ta shafa, to akwai:
- Kashi 25 cikin dari na damar cewa duka su biyun zasu bada kwayar halittar cikin
- Damar kashi 50 cikin ɗari da ɗayansu kaɗai zai iya ba da kwayar halittar cikin cikin
- Kashi 25 cikin ɗari na damar cewa ɗayansu ba zai ba da kwayar halittar cikin ciki ba
Idan ku da abokin tarayyar ku duk kuna dauke da kwayar cutar ta SMA, mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta na iya taimaka muku fahimtar damar ku ta yada shi.
Nau'in SMA da zaɓuɓɓukan magani
SMA an tsara shi bisa la'akari da shekarun farawa da tsananin alamun bayyanar.
SMA nau'in 0
Wannan shine farkon farawa kuma mafi tsananin nau'in SMA. Hakanan wani lokacin ana kiran sa da haihuwa SMA.
A wannan nau'in SMA, yawanci motsi tayi yawanci ana lura dashi yayin daukar ciki. Yaran da aka haifa da nau'in SMA 0 suna da rauni mai tsoka da matsalar numfashi.
Jarirai masu irin wannan SMA galibi basa rayuwa fiye da watanni 6.
SMA nau'in 1
Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'ikan SMA, a cewar US National Library of Medicine's Genetic Home Reference. An kuma san shi da cutar Werdnig-Hoffmann.
A cikin jariran da aka haifa da nau'in SMA nau'in 1, alamomin cutar yawanci suna bayyana kafin watanni 6 da haihuwa. Alamun cutar sun hada da raunin tsoka mai tsanani kuma a lokuta da dama kalubale tare da numfashi da hadiya.
SMA nau'in 2
Wannan nau'in SMA galibi ana gano shi tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa shekaru 2.
Yaran da ke da SMA type 2 na iya zama amma ba tafiya.
SMA nau'in 3
Wannan nau'in SMA galibi ana gano shi tsakanin shekaru 3 zuwa 18.
Wasu yara masu irin wannan SMA suna koyan tafiya, amma suna iya buƙatar keken guragu yayin da cutar ke ci gaba.
SMA nau'in 4
Irin wannan SMA ba shi da yawa.
Yana haifar da alamun rashin sauki wadanda yawanci basa bayyana har sai sun girma. Alamun yau da kullun sun haɗa da rawar jiki da raunin tsoka.
Mutanen da ke da irin wannan SMA galibi suna zama na wayoyi har tsawon shekaru.
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani
Ga kowane nau'in SMA, magani gabaɗaya ya haɗa da tsarin kulawa da yawa tare da ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke da horo na musamman. Jiyya ga jarirai da SMA na iya haɗawa da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don taimakawa numfashi, abinci mai gina jiki, da sauran buƙatu.
Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) kuma kwanan nan ta ba da izinin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali guda biyu don magance SMA:
- Nusinersen (Spinraza) an yarda dashi ga yara da manya tare da SMA. A cikin gwaji na asibiti, an yi amfani da shi a cikin yara masu ƙuruciya.
- Onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi (Zolgensma) magani ne na kwayar halitta wanda aka yarda dashi don amfani da jarirai tare da SMA.
Wadannan jiyya sababbi ne kuma bincike yana gudana, amma suna iya canza hangen nesa na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da aka haifa da SMA.
Yanke shawara ko don samun gwajin haihuwa
Shawara game da ko don samun gwaji na haihuwa don SMA na mutum ne, kuma ga wasu yana iya zama da wahala. Zaka iya zaɓar ba a yi gwajin ba, idan wannan shine abin da kuka fi so.
Zai iya taimaka ka sadu da mai ba da shawara game da ƙwayoyin halitta yayin da kake aiki cikin shawararka game da tsarin gwajin. Mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta masani ne kan haɗarin cutar kwayoyin cuta da gwaji.
Hakanan yana iya taimakawa wajen yin magana da mai ba da shawara game da lafiyar hankali, wanda zai iya ba ku da iyalinku tallafi a wannan lokacin.
Takeaway
Idan kai ko abokin tarayyar ku suna da tarihin iyali na SMA ko kuma ku sananene ne ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar ga SMA, kuna iya yin la'akari da samun gwajin haihuwa.
Wannan na iya zama aikin motsa rai. Mai ba da shawara kan kwayar halitta da sauran kwararrun likitocin za su iya taimaka maka ka koya game da zaɓin ka kuma yanke shawarar da ta fi dacewa da kai.