Mecece cutar Prion?

Wadatacce

• Menene cutar prion?
• Iri cututtukan prion
• Cututtukan prion ɗan adam
• Cututtukan prion na dabbobi
• Menene ainihin abubuwan haɗarin cutar prion?
• Menene alamun cututtukan prion?
• Yaya ake gano cutar prion?
• Yaya ake magance cutar prion?
• Shin za a iya hana cutar prion?
• Maɓallin kewayawa

Cututtukan prion rukuni ne na cututtukan neurodegenerative waɗanda ke iya shafar mutane da dabbobi.

Ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar sanya wasu sunadarai marasa kyau a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin:

• ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• hali
• motsi

Cututtukan Prion ba su da yawa. Kimanin sababbin sababbin cututtukan prion ana ba da rahoton kowace shekara a cikin Amurka.

Masu binciken har yanzu suna aiki don kara fahimtar wadannan cututtukan da kuma samun magani mai inganci. A halin yanzu, cututtukan prion koyaushe suna mutuwa.

Menene nau'ikan cututtukan prion? Ta yaya zaku iya inganta su? Kuma akwai wata hanyar da za a hana su?

Ci gaba da karatu don gano amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin da ƙari.

Menene cutar prion?

Cututtukan prion suna haifar da raguwar ci gaba a aikin kwakwalwa saboda ɓarkewar sunadarai a cikin kwakwalwa - musamman ɓarkewar sunadaran da ake kira prion protein (PrP).

Aikin yau da kullun na wadannan sunadaran ba a sani ba.

A cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan prion, ɓataccen PrP na iya ɗaure da ƙoshin lafiya na PrP, wanda ke haifar da lafiyayyen furotin shima ya ninka ba daidai ba.

Rushewar PrP ya fara tarawa da samar da dunƙulewa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana lalatawa da kashe ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.

Wannan lalacewar yana haifar da ƙananan ramuka su ƙirƙira a cikin ƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana mai da shi kamar soso a ƙarƙashin madubin likita. A hakikanin gaskiya, kuna iya ganin cututtukan prion da ake kira da "spongiform encephalopathies."

Kuna iya haɓaka cutar prion ta hanyoyi daban-daban, waɗanda zasu haɗa da:

• Samu Bayyanar da PrP mara kyau daga asalin waje na iya faruwa ta gurɓataccen abinci ko kayan aikin likita.
• Gado. Maye gurbi da aka gabatar a cikin kwayar halittar da lambobin PrP ke haifar da samar da PrP da aka ɓullo da shi.
• Na lokaci-lokaci. Paddamar da PrP na iya haɓaka ba tare da wani sanannen sanadi ba.

Iri cututtukan prion

Cutar cutar prion na iya faruwa a tsakanin mutane da dabbobi. Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu nau'ikan cututtukan prion. Informationarin bayani game da kowace cuta ta bi tebur.

Cututtukan prion ɗan adam

• Creutzfeldt-Jakob cuta (CJD). Farkon wanda aka bayyana a cikin 1920, ana iya samun CJD, gado, ko kuma lokaci-lokaci. na CJD ba su da kyau.
• Bambancin Creutzfeldt-Jakob cuta (vCJD). Ana iya samun wannan nau'in CJD ta hanyar cin gurbataccen naman saniya.
• Rashin bacci na Iyali (FFI). FFI yana shafar thalamus, wanda shine ɓangaren kwakwalwar ku wanda ke kula da bacci da farkawa. Ofaya daga cikin manyan alamun wannan yanayin shine rashin bacci mai tsanani. An gaji maye gurbi ta hanyar da ta mamaye, ma'ana mutumin da abin ya shafa yana da damar kashi hamsin cikin ɗari na yada shi ga yaransu.
• Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker ciwo (GSS). GSS ma an gada. Kamar FFI, ana watsa shi ta hanyar mamaye. Yana shafar cerebellum, wanda shine ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar da ke kula da daidaito, daidaituwa, da daidaito.
• Kuru. An gano Kuru a cikin gungun mutane daga New Guinea. Cutar ta yadu ta hanyar wani nau'I na cin naman mutane wanda aka ci ragowar dangin da suka mutu.

Cututtukan prion na dabbobi

• Ciwon mara na ciwon mara na Bovine (BSE). Wanda aka fi sani da “mahaukacin cutar saniya,” irin wannan cutar ta prion tana shafar shanu. Mutanen da ke cin nama daga shanu tare da BSE na iya zama cikin haɗarin vCJD.
• Rashin cutar rashin lafiya (CWD). CWD yana shafar dabbobi kamar barewa, muz, da doki. Ya samo sunan ne daga mummunan asarar nauyi da aka lura a cikin dabbobi marasa lafiya.
• Rapaddamarwa Scrapie shine mafi tsufa nau'in cututtukan prion, kasancewar an bayyana shi azaman shekarun 1700s. Yana shafar dabbobi kamar tumaki da awaki.
• Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). FSE yana shafar kuliyoyin gida da kuliyoyin daji a cikin bauta. Yawancin shari'o'in FSE sun faru a Kingdomasar Ingila da Turai.
• Mai yaduwar cutar ta mink encephalopathy (TME). Wannan nau'ikan nau'in prion wanda ba safai ake samun sa ba yana shafar mink. Mink wani ƙaramin dabba ne mai shayarwa wanda ake yawan sa shi don samar da fur.
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Wannan cututtukan prion ma ba kasafai ake samun su ba kuma yana shafar dabbobin da ba su da alaƙa da shanu.

Menene ainihin abubuwan haɗarin cutar prion?

Abubuwa da yawa na iya sanya ka cikin haɗarin ɓarkewar cutar prion. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Halittar jini. Idan wani a cikin danginku yana da cututtukan prion da aka gada, kuna cikin haɗarin haɗarin samun maye gurbi.
• Shekaru. Cututtukan prion na lokaci-lokaci suna tasowa cikin tsofaffi.
• Kayan dabbobi. Amfani da kayayyakin dabba waɗanda suka gurɓata da prion na iya watsa muku cutar prion.
• Hanyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ana iya yada cututtukan prion ta hanyar gurɓatattun kayan aikin likita da kayan jijiyoyi. Al'amura inda wannan ya faru sun haɗa da watsawa ta hanyar daskararren gyaran ƙwayoyin cuta ko ɗora girki.

Menene alamun cututtukan prion?

Cututtukan prion suna da lokaci mai tsawo sosai, galibi akan tsari na shekaru da yawa. Lokacin da alamomin ci gaba, suna ci gaba da girma, wani lokaci cikin sauri.

Kwayoyin cutar yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• matsaloli tare da tunani, ƙwaƙwalwa, da hukunci
• canjin mutum kamar rashin son rai, tashin hankali, da damuwa
• rikicewa ko rikicewa
• zafin ciwon tsoka (myoclonus)
• asarar daidaituwa (ataxia)
• matsalar bacci (rashin bacci)
• magana mai wahala ko rarrashi
• rashin gani ko makanta

Yaya ake gano cutar prion?

Tunda cututtukan prion na iya gabatar da alamun alamun irin wannan ga wasu cututtukan neurodegenerative, suna iya zama da wahala a gano asali.

Hanya guda daya da za'a tabbatar da gano cutar prion shine ta hanyar binciken kwayar halitta da aka yi bayan mutuwa.

Koyaya, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya amfani da alamun ku, tarihin likita, da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don taimakawa gano cutar prion.

Gwajin da zasu iya amfani da shi sun haɗa da:

• Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI). MRI na iya ƙirƙirar cikakken hoton kwakwalwarka. Wannan na iya taimaka wa masu ba da kiwon lafiya hango canje-canje a tsarin kwakwalwa waɗanda ke haɗuwa da cutar prion.
• Gwajin Cerebrospinal (CSF). CSF za a iya tattara shi kuma a gwada shi don alamomi masu alaƙa da neurodegeneration. A cikin 2015, an haɓaka gwaji don gano alamun musamman na cututtukan cututtukan ɗan adam.
• Kayan lantarki (EEG). Wannan gwajin yana yin rikodin aikin lantarki a cikin kwakwalwarka.

Yaya ake magance cutar prion?

A halin yanzu babu magani don cutar prion. Koyaya, magani yana mai da hankali kan samarda kulawa mai taimako.

Misalan irin wannan kulawa sun haɗa da:

• Magunguna. Wasu magunguna za a iya tsara su don taimakawa wajen magance alamun bayyanar. Misalan sun hada da:
  - rage cututtukan halayyar dan adam tare da maganin kashe kumburi ko kwantar da hankali
  - ba da taimako mai zafi ta amfani da magani mai kaifi
  - sauƙaƙe zafin jijiyoyi tare da ƙwayoyi kamar sodium valproate da clonazepam
• Taimako. Yayinda cutar ke ci gaba, mutane da yawa suna buƙatar taimako wajen kula da kansu da yin ayyukan yau da kullun.
• Bayar da ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin matakai na ci gaba na cutar, ana iya buƙatar ruwa na IV ko bututun ciyarwa.

Masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da aiki don neman ingantaccen magani don cututtukan prion.

Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin da ake bincika sun haɗa da amfani da anti-prion antibodies da “” waɗanda ke hana kwafin cutar PrP mara kyau.

Shin za a iya hana cutar prion?

An dauki matakai da yawa don hana yaduwar cututtukan prion da aka samu. Saboda waɗannan matakai masu haɓaka, samun cutar prion daga abinci ko daga yanayin likita yanzu ya zama ba safai ba.

Wasu daga cikin matakan rigakafin da aka ɗauka sun haɗa da:

• sanya tsauraran ƙa'idoji kan shigo da shanu daga ƙasashen da BSE ke faruwa
• hana amfani da sassan saniya kamar kwakwalwa da kashin baya wajen amfani da abinci ga mutane ko dabbobi
• hana waɗanda suke da tarihi ko haɗari don haɗuwa da cututtukan prion daga ba da gudummawar jini ko wasu kyallen takarda
• ta amfani da tsauraran matakan haifuwa kan kayan aikin likitanci wadanda suka hadu da kayan jikin mutum wanda ke dauke da cutar prion
• lalata kayan aikin likita

A halin yanzu babu wata hanya ta hana cututtukan prion na gado ko na lokaci-lokaci.

Idan wani a cikin danginku ya kamu da cutar prion, zaku iya yin shawarwari tare da mai ba da shawara kan kwayar halitta don tattauna haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.

Maɓallin kewayawa

Cututtukan prion wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda ke haifar da furotin da aka ninka cikin kwakwalwarka.

Sababbin sunadaran sunadaran da suke lalata kwayoyin jijiyoyi, wanda ke haifar da koma baya ga aikin kwakwalwa.

Wasu cututtukan prion ana daukar kwayar cutar ta asali, yayin da wasu kuma ana iya samun su ta gurɓataccen abinci ko kayan aikin likita. Sauran cututtukan prion suna haɓaka ba tare da wani sanannen sanadi ba.

A halin yanzu babu magani don cututtukan prion. Madadin haka, magani yana mai da hankali kan ba da kulawa mai taimako da sauƙaƙa alamun cutar.

Masu bincike suna ci gaba da aiki don gano ƙarin game da waɗannan cututtukan kuma don haɓaka ƙoshin lafiya.