Addamar da Canje-canje a cikin Yankin Yanayin Magungunan MS

Wadatacce

• Dalilin jiyya
• Jiyya
• Gilenya (fingolimod)
• Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
• Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
• Dalfampridine (Ampyra)
• Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
• Fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar labari
• Myelin peptides
• Makomar Magungunan MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) cuta ce ta yau da kullun da ke shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. An rufe jijiyoyi a cikin murfin kariya da ake kira myelin, wanda kuma yana saurin watsa siginar jijiyoyi. Mutanen da ke tare da MS suna fuskantar ƙonewar yankunan myelin da lalacewar ci gaba da asarar myelin.

Jijiyoyi na iya yin aiki mara kyau yayin da myelin ya lalace. Wannan na iya haifar da wasu alamun rashin tabbas. Wadannan sun hada da:

• zafi, tingling, ko ƙonewa a ko'ina cikin jiki
• hangen nesa
• matsalolin motsi
• jijiyoyin tsoka ko tauri
• wahala tare da daidaito
• slurred magana
• rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aikin fahimi

Shekaru na ƙaddamar da bincike sun haifar da sababbin jiyya ga MS. Har yanzu ba a sami warkar da cutar ba, amma tsarin shan magani da halayyar ɗabi'a suna ba mutane da MS damar more rayuwa mafi kyau.

Dalilin jiyya

Yawancin zaɓuɓɓukan magani na iya taimakawa wajen gudanar da kwaskwarima da alamomin wannan cutar ta yau da kullun. Jiyya na iya taimaka:

• jinkirta ci gaban MS
• rage girman bayyanar cututtuka yayin tashin hankali na MS ko tashin hankali
• inganta aikin jiki da tunani

Jiyya a cikin nau'i na ƙungiyoyin tallafi ko maganin maganganu na iya samar da buƙatun motsin rai da ake buƙata da yawa.

Jiyya

Duk wanda aka gano yana da cutar sake dawowa ta MS zai fi dacewa ya fara magani tare da ingantaccen magani wanda ya inganta cutar ta FDA. Wannan ya haɗa da mutanen da suka sami kwarewar asibiti na farko daidai da MS. Jiyya tare da magani mai canza cuta ya kamata ya ci gaba har abada sai dai idan mai haƙuri yana da amsa mara kyau, abubuwan da ba za a iya jurewa ba, ko kuma ba su sha maganin kamar yadda ya kamata. Kulawa yakamata ya canza idan mafi kyawun zaɓi ya samu.

Gilenya (fingolimod)

A cikin 2010, Gilenya ya zama magani na farko na baka don sake dawo da nau'ikan MS wanda Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince dashi. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana iya rage sake dawowa da rabi kuma ya rage ci gaban cutar.

Teriflunomide (Aubagio)

Babban makasudin maganin MS shine a rage saurin cutar. Magungunan da suke yin wannan ana kiransu magungunan canza cuta. Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan magunguna shine maganin teriflunomide na baka (Aubagio). An amince da amfani da shi a cikin mutanen da ke da MS a cikin 2012.

Wani binciken da aka buga a cikin New England Journal of Medicine ya gano cewa mutanen da ke fama da cutar ta MS wadanda suka sha maganin teriflunomide sau ɗaya a rana sun nuna saurin ci gaban cutar da raguwar koma baya fiye da waɗanda suka ɗauki placebo. Mutanen da aka ba su mafi girma na teriflunomide (14 mg vs. 7 mg) sun sami raguwar ci gaban cuta. Teriflunomide shine kawai magani na biyu na gyaran baki wanda aka yarda dashi don maganin MS.

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)

Wani magani na uku mai canza cuta ta baka ya samo asali ga mutanen da ke tare da MS a watan Maris na 2013. Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) ana kiranta BG-12. Yana dakatar da tsarin rigakafi daga afkawa kansa da lalata myelin. Hakanan yana iya samun tasirin kariya a jiki, kwatankwacin tasirin da antioxidants ke da shi. Ana samun maganin a cikin kwalin capsule.

Dimethyl fumarate an tsara shi ne don mutanen da suka sake dawowa MS (RRMS). RRMS wani nau'i ne na cutar wanda mutum yakan shiga cikin gafara na wani lokaci kafin alamun cutar su ta'azzara. Mutanen da ke da wannan nau'in na MS na iya cin gajiyar wannan maganin sau biyu-a kowace rana.

Dalfampridine (Ampyra)

Lalacewar myelin ta MS-ya shafi hanyar jijiyoyi aika da karɓar sigina. Wannan na iya shafar motsi da motsi. Tashoshin sinadarin potassium kamar pores suke a saman jijiyoyin jijiya. Toshe tashoshi na iya inganta tasirin jijiyoyin cikin jijiyoyin da abin ya shafa.

Dalfampridine (Ampyra) shine mai toshe tashar tashar potassium. Nazarin da aka buga a ciki ya gano cewa dalfampridine (wanda a da ake kira fampridine) ya haɓaka saurin tafiya a cikin mutane tare da MS. Nazarin asali ya gwada saurin tafiya yayin tafiyar kafa 25. Bai nuna dalfampridine ya zama mai amfani ba. Koyaya, nazarin bayan-bincike ya nuna cewa mahalarta sun nuna saurin tafiya yayin gwajin minti shida yayin shan 10 MG na maganin yau da kullun. Mahalarta waɗanda suka sami ƙarin saurin tafiya suma sun nuna ingantaccen ƙarfin tsoka.

Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)

Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) antibody ne mai ba da mutumci (lab ya samar da furotin da ke lalata ƙwayoyin kansa). Yana da wani wakili mai sauya cuta wanda aka yarda da shi don magance nau'ikan bayyanar cutar ta MS. Yana kaiwa furotin mai suna CD52 wanda ake samu akan farfajiyar ƙwayoyin cuta. Kodayake ba a san ainihin yadda alemtuzumab ke aiki ba, an yi imanin cewa zai ɗaura zuwa CD52 a kan T da B lymphocytes (fararen ƙwayoyin jini) kuma yana haifar da lysis (fashewar kwayar halitta). An fara ba da magani don magance cutar sankarar bargo a mafi girman sashi.

Lemtrada yayi wahala wajen samun amincewar FDA a Amurka. FDA ta ƙi aikace-aikacen don neman amincewar Lemtrada a farkon 2014. Sun ba da misali da buƙatar ƙarin gwaji na asibiti da ke nuna cewa fa'idodin ya fi ƙarfin haɗarin mummunan sakamako. Lemtrada daga baya FDA ta amince dashi a watan Nuwamba na 2014, amma ya zo tare da gargaɗi game da mummunan yanayin autoimmune, halayen jiko, da haɗarin haɗari na haɗari kamar melanoma da sauran cututtukan daji. An kwatanta shi da EMD Serono na maganin MS, Rebif, a cikin gwaji biyu na III. Gwaje-gwajen sun gano cewa ya fi kyau a rage saurin komowa da kuma taɓarɓarewar nakasa a cikin shekaru biyu.

Dangane da bayanan tsaro, FDA ta ba da shawarar cewa kawai za a sanya shi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da isasshen amsa ga magunguna biyu ko na MS.

Fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar labari

MS yana shafar aikin haɓaka. Zai iya shafar mummunan ƙwaƙwalwa, tattara hankali, da ayyukan zartarwa kamar ƙungiya da tsarawa.

Masu bincike daga Cibiyar Binciken Kessler Foundation sun gano cewa dabarun ƙwaƙwalwar labarin da aka gyara (mSMT) na iya zama mai tasiri ga mutanen da ke fuskantar tasirin hankali daga MS. Areasungiyoyin ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na kwakwalwa sun nuna ƙarin kunnawa a cikin binciken MRI bayan zaman mSMT. Wannan hanyar magani mai fa'ida tana taimaka wa mutane riƙe sabbin abubuwan tunani. Hakanan yana taimaka wa mutane su tuna tsofaffin bayanai ta hanyar amfani da alaƙar tushen labarin tsakanin hoto da mahallin. Fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar labari da aka gyara na iya taimaka wa wani tare da MS ya tuna abubuwa da yawa a jerin sayayya, misali.

Myelin peptides

Myelin ya zama ba zai iya lalacewa ba cikin mutanen da ke tare da MS. Gwajin farko da aka ruwaito a cikin JAMA Neurology ya nuna cewa yiwuwar sabon magani yana da alƙawari. Wata karamar rukuni na batutuwa sun sami peptides na myelin (gutsutsirin furotin) ta hanyar facin da aka sa akan fatarsu tsawon shekara guda. Wani ƙaramin rukuni ya karɓi placebo. Mutanen da suka karɓi peptides na myelin sun sami raunin raunuka kaɗan da sake dawowa fiye da mutanen da suka karɓi wurin maye. Marasa lafiya sun jure wa jiyya da kyau, kuma babu wani mummunan yanayi da ya faru.

Makomar Magungunan MS

Ingantaccen maganin MS ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Abin da ke aiki da kyau ga mutum ɗaya ba lallai ne ya yi aiki ga wani ba. Kungiyar likitocin na ci gaba da kara sanin cutar da yadda za a magance ta. Bincike hade da gwaji da kuskure sune mabuɗin neman magani.