Menene haɗarin tiyata kuma ta yaya ake yin aikin gwaji?

Wadatacce

• Yadda ake yin aikin kimantawa
• 1. Yin gwajin asibiti
• 2. Kimantawa game da nau'in tiyata
• 3. Kimantawa game da hadarin zuciya
• 4. Gudanar da jarabawar da ya kamata
• 5. Yin gyare-gyare kafin lokacin aiki

Hadarin tiyata wata hanya ce ta kimanta yanayin asibiti da yanayin lafiyar mutumin da za a yi masa tiyata, don haka a gano haɗarin rikitarwa a duk tsawon lokacin kafin, lokacin da bayan tiyatar.

Ana lasafta shi ta hanyar binciken likitancin da kuma neman wasu gwaje-gwaje, amma, don sauƙaƙawa, akwai wasu ladabi waɗanda za su iya ba da shawarwarin likita, kamar ASA, Lee da ACP, misali.

Duk wani likita na iya yin wannan tantancewar, amma yawanci babban likitan ne, likitan zuciya ko likitan kwantar da hankali ke yi. Ta wannan hanyar, mai yiyuwa ne a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga kowane mutum kafin aikin, kamar neman ƙarin gwajin da ya dace ko aiwatar da jiyya don rage haɗarin.

Yadda ake yin aikin kimantawa

Gwajin likita da aka yi kafin aikin tiyatar na da matukar mahimmanci don ƙayyade wane irin tiyata da kowane mutum zai iya ko ba zai iya yi ba, kuma don tantance ko haɗarin ya fi amfanin sa yawa. Evaluimar ta shafi:

1. Yin gwajin asibiti

Ana yin gwajin asibiti tare da tattara bayanai kan mutum, kamar magunguna da ake amfani da su, alamomi, cututtukan da suke da su, ban da kima ta zahiri, irin su bugun zuciya da huhu.

Daga kimantawa na asibiti, yana yiwuwa a sami sifa ta farko na rabe-raben haɗari, wanda Societyungiyar ofungiyar Magungunan Anesthesiologists ta Amurka suka kirkira, waɗanda ake kira ASA:

• FUKA 1: mai lafiya, ba tare da cututtukan cututtuka ba, cututtuka ko zazzabi;
• FUKA 2: mutumin da ke da ƙananan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su cutar hawan jini, sarrafawar ciwon sukari, kiba, shekaru sama da 80;
• FUKA 3: mutumin da ke fama da ciwo mai tsanani amma ba mai nakasa shi ba, kamar gazawar zuciya, bugun zuciya na fiye da watanni 6, angina na zuciya, arrhythmia, cirrhosis, ciwon sukari da aka samu ko hauhawar jini;
• FUKA 4: mutumin da ke da cututtukan cututtukan rai, kamar rashin ciwan zuciya, bugun zuciya na ƙasa da watanni 6, huhu, hanta da gazawar koda;
• FUKA 5: mutum mai cutar ajali, ba tare da tsammanin rayuwa sama da awanni 24 ba, kamar bayan haɗari;
• FUKA 6: mutumin da aka gano mutuwar kwakwalwa, wanda za ayi masa tiyata don ba da kayan agaji.

Mafi girman adadin ASA, yawan haɗarin mace-mace da rikitarwa daga tiyata, kuma dole ne mutum ya bincika irin tiyatar da ke da amfani da amfani ga mutum.

2. Kimantawa game da nau'in tiyata

Fahimtar irin aikin tiyatar da za a yi shi ma yana da matukar mahimmanci, saboda yadda hadadden ya fi rikitarwa da daukar lokaci, mafi girman kasadar da mutum zai iya fuskanta da kuma kulawar da ya kamata a yi.

Don haka, ana iya rarraba nau'ikan tiyata gwargwadon haɗarin rikicewar zuciya, kamar su:

3. Kimantawa game da hadarin zuciya

Akwai wasu algorithms wadanda suke kusan auna barazanar rikitarwa da mutuwa a cikin tiyatar da ba a zuciya, lokacin bincika yanayin lafiyar mutum da wasu gwaje-gwajen.

Wasu misalai na algorithms da aka yi amfani da su sune Lissafin Hadarin Zuciyar Goldman, Lissafin Rashin Haɓakar Zuciya na Lee yana da Algorithm na Kwalejin Kasuwancin Amurka (ACP), misali. Don yin lissafin haɗarin, suna la'akari da wasu bayanan mutum, kamar:

• Shekaru, wanda yafi yawan haɗari sama da shekaru 70;
• Tarihin cutar sankarau;
• Tarihin ciwon kirji ko angina;
• Kasancewar arrhythmia ko kuma rage tasoshin jiragen ruwa;
• Oxygenananan oxygen oxygen;
• Kasancewar ciwon suga;
• Kasancewar gazawar zuciya;
• Kasancewar cutar huhu;
• Nau'in tiyata.

Daga bayanan da aka samo, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade haɗarin tiyata. Don haka, idan ya yi ƙasa, yana yiwuwa a saki aikin tiyatar, tunda idan haɗarin tiyatar ya kasance matsakaici zuwa babba, likita na iya ba da jagora, daidaita nau'in tiyata ko neman ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da ke taimakawa wajen inganta haɗarin tiyatar mutum.

4. Gudanar da jarabawar da ya kamata

Yakamata a yi gwaji kafin lokaci tare da nufin binciken duk wani canje-canje, idan akwai zato, wanda zai haifar da matsalar tiyata. Sabili da haka, bai kamata a ba da umarni iri ɗaya ga kowa da kowa ba, saboda babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage rikice-rikice. Misali, a cikin mutanen da ba su da alamomi, tare da ƙananan haɗarin tiyata kuma waɗanda za su yi tiyata mai kasada, ba lallai ba ne a yi gwaji.

Koyaya, wasu daga cikin yawancin buƙatun da aka bada shawarar sune:

• Yawan jini: mutanen da ke yin tsaka-tsakin ko tiyata mai haɗari, tare da tarihin ƙarancin jini, tare da zato na yanzu ko tare da cututtukan da ke iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin jini;
• Gwajin coagulation: mutanen da ke amfani da maganin hana yaduwar jini, gazawar hanta, tarihin cututtukan da ke haifar da zub da jini, matsakaiciyar ko tiyatar haɗari;
• Sashin halitta: mutanen da ke da cutar koda, ciwon sukari, hawan jini, cutar hanta, ciwon zuciya;
• Kirjin X-ray: mutanen da ke da cututtuka irin su emphysema, cututtukan zuciya, sun girmi shekaru 60, mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin zuciya, da cututtuka da yawa ko kuma waɗanda za a yi musu tiyata a kirji ko ciki;
• Kayan lantarki: mutanen da ake zargi da cututtukan zuciya, tarihin ciwon kirji da masu ciwon sukari.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna aiki har tsawon watanni 12, ba tare da buƙatar maimaitawa a wannan lokacin ba, duk da haka, a wasu yanayi, likita na iya ganin ya zama dole a maimaita su tukunna. Kari akan haka, wasu likitocin na iya daukar mahimmancin yin odar wadannan gwaje-gwajen hatta ga mutane ba tare da zaton canje-canje ba.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje, kamar gwajin damuwa, echocardiogram ko holter, alal misali, ana iya yin odar su don wasu nau'ikan tiyata masu rikitarwa ko kuma mutanen da ake zargi da cututtukan zuciya.

5. Yin gyare-gyare kafin lokacin aiki

Bayan yin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje, likita na iya tsara aikin tiyatar, idan komai na da kyau, ko kuma zai iya ba da jagorori don haka haɗarin rikitarwa a cikin tiyatar ya ragu yadda ya kamata.

Ta wannan hanyar, zai iya bayar da shawarar yin wasu takamaiman gwaje-gwaje, daidaita yanayin ko gabatar da wasu magunguna, tantance bukatar gyara aikin zuciya, ta hanyar tiyatar zuciya, misali, jagorantar wasu motsa jiki, rage nauyi ko daina shan sigari, da sauransu .