Abin da za ku yi Idan kun yi tunanin Youran shekaru 4 na iya kasancewa akan theungiyar Autism
Wadatacce
- Menene alamun autism a cikin ɗan shekara 4?
- Kwarewar zamantakewa
- Harshe da dabarun sadarwa
- Halaye mara kyau
- Sauran alamun autism a cikin shekaru 4
- Bambanci tsakanin sauki da mai tsanani bayyanar cututtuka
- Mataki 1
- Mataki na 2
- Mataki na 3
- Yaya ake bincikar Autism?
- Tambayar Autism
- Matakai na gaba
Menene autism?
Autism bakan cuta (ASD) rukuni ne na cututtukan ci gaban jiki waɗanda ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Yaran da ke da autism suna koyo, tunani, da kuma sanin duniya daban da sauran yara. Zasu iya fuskantar matakai daban-daban na zamantakewa, sadarwa, da ƙalubalen ɗabi'a.
ASD yana tasiri a Amurka, yayi kiyasin Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka.
Wasu yara da ke da nakasa ba sa bukatar tallafi sosai, yayin da wasu kuma za su buƙaci tallafi na yau da kullun a duk rayuwarsu.
Alamomin autism a cikin yara ‘yan shekaru 4 ya kamata a kimanta su nan take. Da farko yaro na karɓar magani, yana da kyau hangen nesa.
Yayinda wasu lokuta ana iya ganin alamun autism a farkon watanni 12, yawancin yara masu fama da autism suna karɓar ganewar asali bayan sun kai shekaru 3.
Menene alamun autism a cikin ɗan shekara 4?
Alamomin autism sun bayyana karara yayin da yara ke tsufa.
Yaronku na iya nuna wasu alamun alamun rashin lafiya:
Kwarewar zamantakewa
- baya amsa sunan su
- yana gujewa hada ido
- ya fi son yin wasa shi kadai fiye da wasa da wasu
- baya rabawa da kyau da wasu ko juyowa
- baya shiga cikin riya wasa
- baya bada labari
- ba shi da sha'awar yin hulɗa ko yin hulɗa da wasu
- ba ya son ko yana guje wa saduwa ta jiki
- ba shi da sha'awa ko bai san yadda ake yin abokai ba
- baya yin fuska ko yin maganganun da basu dace ba
- ba za'a iya sanyaya rai ko sanyaya rai ba
- yana da wahalar bayyanawa ko magana game da yadda suke ji
- yana da wahalar fahimtar yadda wasu suke ji
Harshe da dabarun sadarwa
- ba zai iya samar da jimloli ba
- maimaita kalmomi ko jimloli sau da sau
- baya amsa tambayoyin yadda yakamata ko bin kwatance
- baya fahimtar kirgawa ko lokaci
- juya kalmomin karin magana (misali, ya ce “ku” maimakon “I”)
- da ƙima ko taɓa amfani da isharar ko motsa jiki kamar waving ko nunawa
- yayi magana a cikin lebur ko waƙar waƙa
- baya fahimtar zolaya, gulma, ko zolaya
Halaye mara kyau
- yi motsi na maimaitawa (yatsu hannaye, duwatsu baya da gaba, juya)
- layi layi kayan wasa ko wasu abubuwa cikin tsari mai tsari
- yana cikin damuwa ko damuwa da ƙananan canje-canje a harkokin yau da kullun
- wasa da kayan wasa iri ɗaya kowane lokaci
- yana son wasu sassan abubuwa (galibi ƙafafu ko juzu'i)
- yana da sha'awa
- dole ne ya bi wasu abubuwan yau da kullun
Sauran alamun autism a cikin shekaru 4
Wadannan alamun yawanci suna tare da wasu alamun da aka lissafa a sama:
- hyperactivity ko gajeren hankali
- impulsivity
- tsokanar zalunci
- rauni na kai (naushi ko naɗa kai)
- saurin fushi
- rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar sauti, ƙanshi, dandano, gani, ko laushi
- rashin cin abinci da al'adar bacci
- halayen halayen da basu dace ba
- yana nuna rashin tsoro ko tsoro fiye da yadda ake tsammani
Bambanci tsakanin sauki da mai tsanani bayyanar cututtuka
ASD ya ƙunshi alamomi da alamomi da dama waɗanda ke gabatarwa tare da matakai daban-daban na tsanani.
Dangane da ka'idodin binciken Psyungiyar chiwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Amurka, akwai matakai uku na ƙyamar autism. Sun dogara ne akan yawan tallafi da ake buƙata. Ananan matakin, ƙarancin tallafi ake buƙata.
Ga rashi na matakan:
Mataki 1
- karamin sha'awa ga hulɗar zamantakewa ko ayyukan zamantakewa
- wahalar fara hulɗar zamantakewa ko kiyaye tattaunawa
- matsala tare da sadarwa mai dacewa (ƙara ko sautin magana, karanta lafazin jiki, alamun zamantakewa)
- matsala daidaitawa da canje-canje na al'ada ko ɗabi'a
- wahalar yin abokai
Mataki na 2
- wahalar jurewa da canji zuwa al'amuran yau da kullun ko kewaye
- rashin cikakkiyar dabarun iya magana da baki
- kalubale mai kyau da bayyane
- maimaita halayyar da ke tsoma rayuwar yau da kullun
- sabon abu ko rage ikon sadarwa ko ma'amala da wasu
- kunkuntar, takamaiman bukatun
- na bukatar tallafi na yau da kullun
Mataki na 3
- rashin magana ko mahimmancin lahani na magana
- iyakance iya sadarwa don sadarwa, sai lokacin da ake buƙatar biyan buƙatu
- ƙarancin sha'awar shiga cikin zamantakewa ko shiga cikin hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a
- matsanancin wahalar jimre wa canjin da ba zato ba tsammani zuwa al'ada ko muhalli
- babban damuwa ko wahalar sauya hankali ko hankali
- maimaita halaye, tsayayyun bukatu, ko abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa
- yana buƙatar tallafi na yau da kullun
Yaya ake bincikar Autism?
Doctors suna bincikar rashin lafiya a cikin yara ta hanyar lura da su a wasa da kuma yin hulɗa tare da wasu.
Akwai takamaiman matakan ci gaban da yawancin yara ke cimmawa tun lokacin da suka kai shekaru 4, kamar yin hira ko ba da labari.
Idan yaronka dan shekaru 4 yana da alamun rashin lafiya, likitanka na iya tura ka zuwa ga gwani don ƙarin cikakken bincike.
Waɗannan ƙwararrun za su lura da yaranku yayin da suke wasa, koyo, da sadarwa. Za su kuma yi maka tambayoyi game da halayen da ka lura a gida.
Yayinda shekarun da suka dace don tantancewa da magance cututtukan rashin lafiya ke shekaru 3 da ƙarami, da zarar yaronka ya karɓi magani, mafi kyau.
A karkashin Dokar Ilimin Mutum Nakasassu (IDEA), ana bukatar dukkan jihohi su samar da wadataccen ilimi ga yara ‘yan makaranta da batutuwan ci gaba.
Tuntuɓi gundumar makarantar da ke yankin ku don gano waɗanne irin kayan aiki ake samu don yaran da ba su kai makarantu ba. Hakanan zaka iya duban wannan jagorar hanya daga Autism yayi Magana don ganin waɗanne ayyuka ake samu a cikin jihar ku.
Tambayar Autism
Lissafin Gyara na Autism a Toddlers (M-CHAT) kayan aiki ne na bincike wanda iyaye da masu kulawa zasu iya amfani dasu don gano yaran da zasu iya samun autism.
Ana amfani da wannan takaddun tambayoyin a ƙanƙararrun yara har zuwa shekaru 2 1/2, amma har yanzu yana iya zama aiki ga yara har zuwa shekaru 4. Ba ya ba da ganewar asali, amma yana iya ba ka ra'ayin inda ɗanka ya tsaya.
Idan ƙimar ɗanka a cikin wannan jerin binciken ya ba da shawarar za su iya samun autism, ziyarci likitan ɗanka ko masanin ƙwarewar. Suna iya tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Ka tuna cewa ana amfani da wannan tambayoyin ga yara ƙanana. Youranka ɗan shekara 4 zai iya faɗawa cikin al'ada ta yau da kullun tare da wannan tambayoyin kuma har yanzu yana da autism ko wata cuta ta ci gaba. Zai fi kyau a kai su likitansu.
Kungiyoyi kamar Autism Speaks suna ba da wannan tambayoyin akan layi.
Matakai na gaba
Alamomin autism yawanci suna bayyana da shekaru 4. Idan kun lura da alamun rashin lafiya a cikin yaronku, yana da mahimmanci a sanya musu likita ta hanzari.
Kuna iya farawa ta hanyar zuwa likitan yara na yara don bayyana damuwar ku. Za su iya ba ka damar turawa zuwa ƙwararren masani a yankinka.
Kwararrun da za su iya bincikar yara da cutar ta Autism sun haɗa da:
- ci gaban likitocin yara
- yara neurologists
- masu ilimin halayyar yara
- yara masu ilimin hauka
Idan yaronka ya sami cutar rashin lafiya, za a fara jinya nan da nan. Za ku yi aiki tare da likitocin yaranku da gundumar makaranta don tsara shirin magani don haka ra'ayin ɗanku ya yi nasara.