Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini: Anatomy, physiology da cututtuka

Wadatacce

• Anatomy na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
• 1. Zuciya
• 2. Jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyi
• Physiology na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
• Yiwuwar cututtukan da ka iya tasowa

Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini shine saiti wanda ya haɗa da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini kuma yana da alhakin kawo jini mai wadataccen oxygen da ƙananan carbon dioxide zuwa dukkan gabobin jiki, yana basu damar aiki yadda yakamata.

Bugu da kari, wani muhimmin aiki na wannan tsarin shi ne dawo da jini daga dukkan jiki, wanda yake karancin iskar oxygen kuma yana bukatar sake bi ta huhun don sake musayar iskar gas.

Anatomy na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini

Babban abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sune:

1. Zuciya

Zuciya ita ce babban gabobin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini kuma ana nuna shi da tsoka mara daɗi, wanda ke tsakiyar kirji, wanda ke aiki azaman famfo. Ya kasu kashi huɗu:

• Atria biyu: inda jini ya iso zuciya daga huhu ta hagu atrium ko daga jiki ta hanyar atrium na dama;
• Hanyoyi biyu: wannan shine inda jini yake zuwa huhu ko sauran jikin.

Hannun dama na zuciya yana karɓar jini mai wadataccen carbon dioxide, wanda aka fi sani da suna venous, kuma yana ɗauke da shi zuwa huhu, inda yake karɓar iskar oxygen. Daga huhu, jini yana gudana zuwa atrium na hagu kuma daga can zuwa hagu na hagu, daga inda aorta ke tasowa, wanda ke ɗaukar jini mai wadataccen oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki a ko'ina cikin jiki.

2. Jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyi

Don zagawa cikin jiki, jini yana gudana zuwa jijiyoyin jini, wanda za'a iya rarraba shi azaman:

• Arteries: suna da ƙarfi da sassauƙa kamar yadda suke buƙatar ɗaukar jini daga zuciya da tsayayya da hawan jini. Eaƙasawar sa na taimakawa wajen kiyaye hawan jini yayin bugun zuciya;
• Orananan jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini: suna da bangon tsoka wanda ke daidaita diamita don haɓaka ko rage saurin jini a yankin da aka ba;
• Capillaries: ƙananan ƙananan jini ne da ƙananan sifofin bango, waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin gadoji tsakanin jijiyoyi. Wadannan suna ba da damar isashshen sunadarin oxygen da na abinci mai gina jiki su wuce daga jini zuwa kyallen takarda da kuma sinadarin dake wucewa daga kwayoyin zuwa jini;
• Jijiyoyinmu: suna ɗaukar jini zuwa zuciya kuma galibi ba sa fuskantar matsi mai yawa, kuma bai kamata su zama masu sassauƙa kamar jijiyoyin jini ba.

Dukkanin aikin tsarin jijiyoyin zuciya ya ta'allaka ne akan bugun zuciya, inda atria da ventricles na zuciya suke shakata da kwanciya, samarda sake zagayowar da zai tabbatar da dukkanin zagayen kwayoyin halitta.

Physiology na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini

Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini za'a iya raba shi zuwa manyan sassa biyu: zagayawa na huhu (karamin zagayawa), wanda ke daukar jini daga zuciya zuwa huhu kuma daga huhu ya dawo zuwa zuciya da kuma zagayawa ta tsarin (babban zagayawa), wanda ke ɗaukar jini daga zuciya ga dukkan kyallen takarda a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun jini.

Har ila yau, ilimin lissafi na tsarin jijiyoyin jiki ya hada da matakai daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da:

1. Jinin da ke fitowa daga jiki, mara kyau a oxygen kuma mai wadatar carbon dioxide, yana gudana ta cikin vena cava zuwa atrium na dama;
2. Lokacin cikawa, atrium na dama yana aika jini zuwa gefen hagu na dama;
3. Lokacin da jijiyar dama ta cika, sai ta harba jini ta cikin bawul na huhu zuwa jijiyoyin huhu, wadanda ke samar da huhu;
4. Jini yana gudana zuwa abubuwan da ke cikin huhu, yana karɓar iskar oxygen da kuma kawar da iskar carbon dioxide;
5. Jini mai wadataccen oxygen yana gudana ta jijiyoyin huhu zuwa atrium na hagu a cikin zuciya;
6. Lokacin cikawa, atrium na hagu yana aika da wadataccen jini zuwa hagu;
7. Lokacin da bututun hagu ya cika, yakan fitar da jini ta cikin bawalin aortic zuwa aorta;

A ƙarshe, jini mai wadataccen oxygen yana shayar da dukkanin kwayar halitta, yana samar da kuzarin da ya dace don aiki da dukkan gabobin.

Yiwuwar cututtukan da ka iya tasowa

Akwai cututtuka da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Mafi na kowa sun hada da:

• Ciwon zuciya: tsananin ciwon kirji wanda rashin jini yake cikin zuciya, wanda kan iya kaiwa ga mutuwa. San manyan alamomin ciwon zuciya.
• Ciwon zuciya na Cardiac: yana tattare da bugun zuciya mara kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da bugun zuciya da ƙarancin numfashi. San musabbabin wannan matsalar da yadda ake gano ta.
• Rashin wadatar zuciya: ya bayyana yayin da zuciya ta kasa fitar da isasshen jini don biyan bukatun jiki, wanda ke haifar da karancin numfashi da kumburin kafa;
• Cutar cututtukan zuciya: nakasassu ne na zuciya waɗanda suke kasancewa yayin haihuwa, kamar gunaguni na zuciya;
• Ciwon zuciya: cuta ce da ke shafar raguwar jijiyoyin zuciya;
• Ciwon mara: sune jerin cututtukan da ke shafar kowane ɗayan bawul 4 da ke kula da zirga-zirgar jini a cikin zuciya.
• Buguwa: yana faruwa ne ta hanyar toshe ko fashewar jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, bugun jini na iya haifar da asarar motsi, maganganu da matsalolin gani.

Cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini, musamman cututtukan zuciya da shanyewar jiki, sune manyan dalilan mutuwa a duniya. Ci gaban likitanci ya taimaka don rage waɗannan lambobin, amma mafi kyawun magani ya kasance rigakafin. Duba abin da za ayi don hana bugun jini a cikin nasihu 7 don rage haɗarin bugun zuciya da shanyewar jiki.