Mataki na 4 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Jiyya da Bayyanawa

Wadatacce

• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don RCC
• Tiyata
• Immunotherapy
• Masu hana shingen bincike
• Interleukin-2
• Interferon alpha
• Ciwon da aka yi niyya
• masu hana mTOR
• Radiation far
• Chemotherapy
• Gwajin gwaji
• Tsarin ƙwayar carcinoma na koda
• Outlook

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke shafar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin koda. RCC shine mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji na koda. Akwai dalilai masu haɗari da yawa don haɓaka RCC, gami da:

• tarihin iyali na cutar
• shan taba
• kiba
• hawan jini
• cututtukan koda na polycystic

Da farko an gano shi, mafi girman damar ku don ingantaccen magani.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don RCC

Kodayake an tsara mataki na 4 RCC azaman matakin ci gaba na ciwon kansa, har yanzu akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Tiyata

A wasu lokuta, idan babban kumburi zai iya cirewa kuma cutar kansa ba ta yadu ba, ana iya yin aikin nephrectomy. Wannan ya hada da yin aikin tiyata cire mafi yawan ko kuma cutar koda.

Za'a iya buƙatar cire tiyata na wasu ƙwayoyin cuta don mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa. Ofungiyar kwararru za ta yanke shawara ko za a iya cire ƙwayoyin cutar da aka ƙayyade ba tare da haɗari mai yawa ba.

Idan tiyata ba zai yiwu ba, ana iya amfani da embolization embolization. Wannan aikin yana yanke samarda jini ga ƙari, wanda ke taimakawa rage alamun.

Da zarar an yi aikin tiyata don cire ciwace-ciwacen gida, mutane da yawa na iya buƙatar tsarin tsari. Irin wannan maganin yana magance cutar daji a cikin jiki. Zai iya taimakawa wajen rage sake kamuwa da cutar kansa.

Magungunan tsarin don mataki na 4 RCC ya haɗa da rigakafin rigakafi, maganin da aka yi niyya, haskakawa, da cutar sankara.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy wata fasaha ce ta kulawa wacce ke nufin haɓaka tsarin rigakafi don afkawa ƙwayoyin kansar. Ba duk wanda ke da RCC ke amsawa da kyau ba don maganin rigakafi, kuma illolin na iya zama mai tsanani.

Immunotherapy, ko biologic far, magani ne wanda ke taimakawa garkuwar jikinka ta afkawa kansar. Ana gabatar dashi sau da yawa lokacin da ba'a iya cire RCC tare da tiyata.

Immunotherapy yana amfani da wasu nau'ikan magunguna daban-daban:

Masu hana shingen bincike

Tsarin ku na rigakafi yana amfani da tsarin “wuraren bincike” don banbanta tsakanin kwayoyin lafiya da na kansa. Masu hana shingen bincike suna nufin taimaka wa garkuwar ku ta gano ƙwayoyin kansar da ke ɓoye daga garkuwar ku.

Nivolumab (Opdivo) shine mai hana shingen bincike wanda aka gudanar ta hanyar IV wanda ya zama cikin maganin RCC a cikin recentan shekarun nan.

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• kurji
• gajiya
• gudawa
• tashin zuciya
• ciwon kai
• kumburin fata
• ciwon gwiwa
• ciwon ciki
• matsalar numfashi

Interleukin-2

Interleukin-2 (IL-2, Proleukin) kwafin roba ne na sunadaran da ake kira cytokines wanda ke nufin kunna garkuwar jikin ku don kai hari kan ƙwayoyin tumo.

An nuna yana da damar zuwa. Zai iya samun mummunan sakamako don haka kawai ana amfani dashi ga mutanen da ke da lafiya waɗanda zasu iya jurewa illolin.

Ofayan tasiri a kan yawancin maza fararen fata tare da mummunan nau'in RCC sun ga ƙimar rayuwa mafi girma tare da amfani da babban maganin interleukin-2.

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• gajiya
• zub da jini
• jin sanyi
• zazzaɓi
• saukar karfin jini
• ruwa a cikin huhu
• lalacewar koda

Interferon alpha

Interferons suna da antiviral, antiproliferative (hana ci gaban kwayar cutar kansa), da kuma rigakafi (yana shafar tsarin garkuwar jiki). Interferon alpha yana nufin dakatar da ƙwayoyin tumo daga rarrabawa da girma.

Interferon wani lokacin ana bashi tare da wasu kwayoyi, kamar su bevacizumab (Avastin).

Hanyoyi masu illa na interferon sun hada da:

• tashin zuciya
• cututtuka masu kama da mura
• gajiya

An maye gurbin Interferons mafi yawa ta hanyar maganin-wakilin da aka yi niyya. Maganin interferon mai wakilci guda ɗaya yawanci ba a amfani dashi.

Ciwon da aka yi niyya

Target ɗin da aka yi niyya don RCC yana nufin amfani da magunguna waɗanda ke ɗaga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta musamman. Abubuwan da aka sanya niyya kyawawa ne saboda basa cutar ko kashe kwayoyin halitta masu lafiya a jiki.

Akwai magunguna da yawa da aka yi niyya don mataki na 4 RCC waɗanda ke aiki don hana haɓakar sel. Suna amfani da furotin da ake kira factor endothelial girma factor (VEGF) wanda ke motsa ci gaban ƙwayoyin kansa.

Ci gaban waɗannan magungunan da aka niyya ya taimaka faɗaɗa rayuwar wasu marassa lafiya 4. Maganin ya tabbatar da kyakkyawan alkawalin da ya sa masu binciken ke ci gaba da samar da sabbin magungunan da ake niyya.

Maganin bevacizumab (Avastin) yana toshe VEGF kuma ana yin shi ta wata jijiya.

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• gudawa
• asarar nauyi
• suma
• asarar abinci
• ƙwannafi
• ciwon baki

Mai hana yaduwar kwayar cutar ta tyrosine kinase (TKI) yana dakatar da sabon ci gaban jijiyoyin jini a cikin ciwace-ciwace kuma ya zo a cikin kwaya. Misalan wannan nau'in magani sun haɗa da:

• sorafenib (Nexavar)
• cabozantinib (Cabometyx)
• pazopanib (Votrient)
• sunitinib (Sutent)

Sakamakon sakamako na TKI sun haɗa da:

• hawan jini
• tashin zuciya
• gudawa
• zafi a hannuwanku da ƙafafunku

masu hana mTOR

Makasudin makirci na masu hana rapamycin (mTOR) suna niyya furotin mTOR, wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban kwayar cutar kanjamau.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• temsirolimus (Torisel), ana gudanarwa ta hanyar IV
• everolimus (Afinitor), ana shansa da baki a cikin kwaya

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• kurji
• rauni
• asarar abinci
• ciwon baki
• haɓakar ruwa a fuska ko ƙafa
• hawan jini da cholesterol

Radiation far

Radiation yana amfani da katako mai ƙarfin X-ray don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da radiation bayan tiyata don kashe duk ƙwayoyin kansar da aka bari bayan jiyya.

A cikin RCC mai ci gaba, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka kamar ciwo ko kumburi. Wannan nau'in magani ana kiran sa kulawa mai raɗaɗi.

Sakamakon sakamako na radiation sun hada da:

• ciki ciki
• jan fata
• gajiya
• gudawa

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy hanya ce ta gargajiya don nau'ikan cututtukan kansa. Ya haɗa da amfani da magani ko haɗin magunguna don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.

Ba a niyya magungunan Chemotherapy, duk da haka, don haka suna kashe ƙwayoyin lafiya kuma suna haifar da sakamako mai yawa.

Chemotherapy sau da yawa baya aiki sosai akan mutane tare da RCC. Koyaya, likitanku na iya ba da shawarar idan rigakafin rigakafi da magungunan da aka yi niyya ba su yi aiki ba.

Wannan magani ana ɗauke shi ta hanji ko kuma a kwaya. Ana bayar da shi a cikin hawan keke tare da lokutan hutu na lokaci-lokaci. Kullum kuna buƙatar karɓar magani a kowane wata ko kowane watanni.

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• gajiya
• ciwon baki
• tashin zuciya da amai
• gudawa ko maƙarƙashiya
• asarar gashi
• asarar abinci
• ƙara haɗari ga cututtuka

Gwajin gwaji

Wani zaɓi ga mutanen da ke da mataki na 4 RCC shine su shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti. Gwajin gwaji shine gwajin bincike don gwada sababbin magunguna da jiyya.

Kuna iya tattauna gwajin gwaji na yanzu - harma da haɗarinsu da fa'idodi - tare da likitanku ko mai ba da lafiya.

Tsarin ƙwayar carcinoma na koda

Likitocin da ke bincikowa da magance RCC da sauran nau'ikan cutar kansa suna amfani da tsarin sa ido. Kowane mutum da ke da RCC an ba shi lambar lamba daga 1 zuwa 4. Mataki na 1 shine farkon matakin cutar kuma mataki na 4 shine na baya-baya kuma mafi ci gaba.

Yin kallo don RCC ya dogara ne akan:

• girman ƙwayar farko a cikin koda
• yaduwar kwayoyin cutar kansa daga farkon cutar zuwa kyallen takarda da ke kusa
• digiri na metastasis
• yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa sauran gabobin jiki

Mataki na 4 RCC na iya haɗawa da haɗuwa daban-daban na ka'idojin tsarawa:

• Lokacin da cutar farko ta zama babba kuma ta bazu cikin koda da cikin kayan da ke kusa. A wannan yanayin, kwayoyin cutar kansar na iya zama ko baza su shiga wasu gabobin cikin jiki ba.
• Lokacin da ciwon daji ya ƙware kuma ya kasance a cikin gabobin nesa. A wannan yanayin, ciwon na farko na iya zama na kowane girman, kuma mai yiwuwa ko babu wata cutar kansa a cikin kyallen takarda kai tsaye kewaye da koda.

Outlook

Adadin rayuwa na shekaru 5 na mutanen da ke da mataki na 4 RCC shine kashi 12 cikin ɗari. Koyaya, yanayi daban-daban na iya haifar da ƙimar rayuwa mafi girma.

Mutanen da za su iya yin tiyata don cire ƙwayoyin cuta na metastatic suna da ƙimar rayuwa mafi kyau, kuma da yawa waɗanda aka bi da su da ƙwayoyi masu niyya suna rayuwa fiye da waɗanda ba su yi ba.