Ta yaya ake yada kwayar cutar Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Wadatacce

• 1. Tari da atishawa
• 2. Saduwa da wuraren da aka gurbata
• 3. Yaduwar hanzarin baka
• COVID-19 maye gurbi
• Ta yaya ba za'a iya samun kwayar cutar corona ba
• Shin zai yuwu a kamu da kwayar cutar fiye da sau daya?

Rigar sabon coronavirus, da ke da alhakin COVID-19, ya fi faruwa ne ta hanyar shakar digon digon miyau da na numfashi wadanda za a iya dakatar da su a cikin iska yayin da mai cutar COVID-19 ya yi tari ko atishawa.

Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a dauki matakan kariya, kamar su wanke hannuwanka da sabulu da ruwa, da kaucewa zama a gida tare da mutane da yawa da rufe bakinka da hanci duk lokacin da kake bukatar atishawa ko tari.

Coronavirus dangin ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda ke da alhakin canjin numfashi, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da zazzaɓi, tari mai tsanani da wahalar numfashi. Ara koyo game da ƙwayoyin cuta da alamomin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19.

Babban hanyoyin watsa sabon coronavirus sun bayyana ta hanyar:

1. Tari da atishawa

Hanyar yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 ita ce shakar diga-digar miyau ko sirrin numfashi, wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin iska na secondsan dakiku ko mintoci bayan mai cutar da ke nuna alamun cutar ko tari ko tari.

Wannan nau'ikan yaduwar cutar ya tabbatar da yawan mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar kuma, don haka, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban nau'in yaduwar COVID-19, kuma matakan kamar sanya abin rufe fuska na mutum a wuraren zama ya kamata a zama na jama'a, a guji zama cikin gida tare da mutane da yawa kuma koyaushe rufe bakinka da hanci yayin da kake buƙatar tari ko atishawa a gida.

Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka masu yaduwa ta kasar Japan ta gudanar ^[3], akwai hadari har sau 19 na kamuwa da kwayar cutar a cikin gida, fiye da a waje, daidai saboda akwai kusancin kusanci tsakanin mutane kuma na dogon lokaci.

2. Saduwa da wuraren da aka gurbata

Saduwa da wuraren da aka gurbata shi ma wani muhimmin nau'ine ne na yada COVID-19, tunda, a cewar binciken da aka gudanar a Amurka ^[2], sabon coronavirus zai iya zama mai cutar har tsawon kwanaki uku akan wasu saman:

• Roba da bakin karfe: har zuwa kwanaki 3;
• Tagulla: Awanni 4;
• Kwali: 24 hours.

Lokacin da kake sanya hannayenka akan waɗannan saman sannan kuma ka shafa fuskarka, don kaɗa idonka ko tsabtace bakinka, alal misali, mai yiwuwa ne ka iya zama gurɓatuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya shiga cikin jiki ta ƙwayoyin mucous na bakinka , idanu da hanci.

A saboda wannan dalili, WHO na ba da shawarar yawaita wanke hannu, musamman bayan kasancewa a wuraren taruwar jama'a ko kuma wadanda ke fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da digo daga tari ko atishawa daga wasu. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a kashe kwayoyin cuta koyaushe. Duba ƙarin game da tsabtace saman gida da wurin aiki don kare kanka daga COVID-19.

3. Yaduwar hanzarin baka

Nazarin da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 2020 a China ^[1] Har ila yau, ya ba da shawarar cewa watsa sabon coronavirus na iya faruwa ta hanyar hanyar baka, galibi ga yara, saboda yara 8 cikin 10 da aka haɗa a cikin binciken suna da sakamako mai kyau ga kwayar cutar ta cikin fatar dubura da kuma mara kyau a cikin jijiyar hanci, yana nuna cewa kwayar cutar na iya zama a cikin sassan hanji. Kari akan haka, karin bincike na kwanan nan daga Mayu 2020 ^[4], ya kuma nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a ware kwayar cutar a cikin najasar 12 daga cikin manya 28 da aka karanta kuma aka gano da COVID-19.

Masu binciken na Sifen sun kuma tabbatar da kasancewar sabon kwayar cutar ta Coronavirus a cikin lambatu ^[5] kuma ya gano cewa SARS-CoV2 na nan tun kafin a tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar ta farko, wanda ke nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta riga ta kewaya a tsakanin jama'a. Wani binciken da aka gudanar a Netherlands ^[6] da nufin gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar a cikin najasa kuma an tabbatar da cewa wasu daga cikin ƙwayoyin wannan ƙwayoyin sun kasance, wanda na iya nuna cewa za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar a cikin najasar.

A wani binciken da aka gudanar tsakanin Janairu zuwa Maris 2020 ^[8], a cikin 41 daga cikin marasa lafiya 74 da ke dauke da cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 mai kyau da kuma hancin hanci, toshewar hancin ya kasance tabbatacce na kimanin kwanaki 16, yayin da kuma na bayan fatar ya kasance mai tabbaci na kimanin kwanaki 27 bayan fara bayyanar cututtuka., yana nuna cewa dubura swab na iya bada ingantaccen sakamako game da kasancewar kwayar a jiki.

Bugu da kari, wani binciken ^[9] gano cewa marasa lafiya tare da SARS-CoV-2 madaidaiciyar swab suna da ƙananan ƙididdigar lymphocyte, mafi girman amsa mai kumburi da sauye-sauye masu tsanani a cikin cutar, yana mai nuna cewa swab mai ƙyamar madaidaiciya na iya zama alama mafi tsanani na COVID-19.Don haka, gwajin SARS-CoV-2 ta hanyar dubura zai iya zama ingantacciyar dabara dangane da lura da marasa lafiya tare da cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 wacce aka tabbatar ta gwajin kwayoyin da aka yi daga hanci.

Har yanzu ana nazarin wannan hanyar watsawa, duk da haka karatun da aka gabatar a baya ya tabbatar da wanzuwar wannan hanyar kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai iya faruwa ta hanyar shan gurbataccen ruwa, shakar ɗiga-digo ko iska a cikin tsire-tsire na maganin ruwa ko kuma ta hanyar hulɗa da saman da aka gurbata da feces dauke da kwayar cutar.

Duk da wadannan binciken, har yanzu ba a tabbatar da yaduwar cutar ba, kuma ko da kwayar cutar da aka samu a wadannan samfuran ta isa ta haifar da kamuwa da cuta, amma duk da haka akwai yiwuwar lura da ruwan najasa wata dabara ce ta lura da yaduwar kwayar.

Mafi kyawun fahimtar yadda watsawar ke faruwa da kuma yadda zaka kare kanka daga COVID-19:

COVID-19 maye gurbi

Saboda kwayar RNA ce, al'ada ce SARS-CoV-2, wacce ita ce kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin cutar, ta ɗan sami wasu canje-canje a kan lokaci. Dangane da maye gurbi da aka sha wahala, ana iya canza halayen kwayar, kamar ƙarfin watsawa, tsananin cutar da juriya ga jiyya.

Ofayan maye gurbi na kwayar cutar da ya sami daukaka shi ne wanda aka fara ganowa a Kingdomasar Ingila kuma ya ƙunshi maye gurbi 17 da suka faru a cikin kwayar cutar ko kuma a lokaci guda kuma wannan da alama zai sanya wannan sabon nau'in saurin yaduwa.

Wannan saboda wasu daga cikin waɗannan maye gurbi suna da alaƙa da kwayar halittar da ke da alhakin sanya ƙwayoyin sunadaran da ke saman ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin mutum. Sabili da haka, saboda maye gurbi, ƙwayar cuta na iya ɗaure kan ƙwayoyin cuta da sauƙi kuma ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Bugu da kari, an gano wasu nau'ikan SARS-CoV-2 a Afirka ta Kudu da Brazil wadanda suma suna da karfin yaduwar cutar kuma hakan baya rasa nasaba da mawuyacin hali na COVID-19. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu don taimakawa sosai don fahimtar halayen ƙwayoyin cuta saboda waɗannan maye gurbi.

Ta yaya ba za'a iya samun kwayar cutar corona ba

Don kauce wa kamuwa da COVID-19, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da saitin matakan kariya waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Wanke hannuwanku sosai da sabulu da ruwa, musamman bayan tuntuɓar wanda ke da ƙwayar cuta ko wanda ake zargi;
• Guji yanayin kewaye da cunkoson mutane, saboda a wadannan wuraren kwayar cutar na iya yaduwa cikin sauki kuma ta isa ga adadi mai yawa na mutane;
• Sanya masks na kariya na sirri don rufe hanci da baki kuma musamman guje wa watsa wa wasu mutane. A yankuna da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da kuma ƙwararrun masanan kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke kula da mutanen da ake zargi da cutar coronavirus, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da mashin N95, N100, FFP2 ko FFP3.
• Guji hulɗa da dabbobin daji ko kuma wadanda suka nuna ba su da lafiya, tunda yaduwar cutar na iya faruwa tsakanin dabbobi da mutane;
• Guji raba abubuwan sirri wannan na iya samun digo na yau, misali, kamar kayan yanka da tabarau.

Bugu da kari, a matsayin wata hanya ta hana yaduwar cutar, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya na ci gaba da aiwatar da matakai don lura da zato da shari'oin kamuwa da kwayar cutar coronavirus don fahimtar kwayar cutar da kuma hanyar yaduwar ta. Bincika wasu hanyoyin don kaucewa kamuwa da kwayar cutar corona.

Learnara koyo game da wannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa:

Shin zai yuwu a kamu da kwayar cutar fiye da sau daya?

A zahiri, akwai rahoton da aka bayar game da mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a karo na biyu bayan kamuwa da farko. Koyaya, kuma bisa ga CDC^[7], Hadarin kamuwa da COVID-19 ya sake raguwa, musamman ma a farkon kwanaki 90 bayan kamuwa da cutar ta farko. Wannan saboda jiki yana samar da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin kariya ta halitta daga ƙwayoyin cuta, aƙalla na farkon kwanaki 90 na farko.