Abin Mamaki, Takaitaccen Tarihin Farji

Wadatacce

• Ko da a yau, mun kasance ba mu da ma'ana game da farji
• Abin da ya fi haka, masana ilimin jikin mutum na farko sun sami kuskure da yawa game da sifar mace
• Kuma likitoci sun sami kyan gani na farko a cikin farji mai rai
• Amma duk da irin yadda yake bayyana, farji ya zama haramtacce
• Har yanzu muna magana game da farji a cikin kuskure, hanyoyin yaudara

Mun haɗa da kayayyakin da muke tsammanin suna da amfani ga masu karatu. Idan ka siya ta hanyoyin yanar gizo a wannan shafin, zamu iya samun ƙaramin kwamiti. Ga tsarinmu.

A koyaushe muna da farji, amma an ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don sanin su sosai - musamman a magani.

Adadin kalmomin don farji, gaskiya, abin ban mamaki.

Daga cutesy “lady bits” to the friendly “vajayjay” to hoohas, lady business, da kuma maganganu na cin mutunci da yawa da yawa don suna - Harshen Ingilishi gaskiya ne mai rikitarwa na baƙar magana. Zamu iya zama masu kirkirar abubuwa, a bayyane, lokacin da bama son fitowa mu ce "farji."

Kuma wannan yana fada.

Yawancin tarihin ɗan adam, farji ya kasance har ila yau batun magana ne - idan ba za a iya magana da shi gaba ɗaya ba, to lallai ba abin da za a tattauna a fili ba.

A hakikanin gaskiya, babu ma wani lokacin likita don hanyar saduwa da mace har zuwa kusan 1680s. Kafin wannan, kalmar Latin "farji" tana nufin takamaiman takobi don takobi. Don haka bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba cewa a fannin likitanci, farji da sauran sassan haihuwar mata an daɗe ana kallonsu a matsayin abin ban mamaki - har ma da mayaudara - sassan jikin mutum.

Tsohon likita Ba'amurke Aretaeus ya yi imani cewa mahaifa na yawo game da jikin mace kamar "dabba a cikin dabba," yana haifar da rashin lafiya yayin da take shiga cikin ƙwayar ciki ko hanta. Ya kuma yi imanin cewa an jawo shi zuwa ƙanshin ƙanshi, kamar likita zai iya sa shi ya dawo cikin wurin ta hanyar gabatar da farji da ƙamshi mai daɗi.

Kamar yadda masanin tarihi Thomas Laqueur ya rubuta, sanannen abu ne a lokacin cewa maza da mata a zahiri suna raba abubuwan gaɓa ɗaya.

Don haka ya tafi ga farji - tarihinta yana cike da almara, rashin fahimta, da kuma zalunci.

Bayan duk wannan, yaya kuke kulawa da lafiyar wani abu wanda da ƙyar ma zaku iya ambatarsa?

Christine Labuski, wata tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar jinyar mata kuma yanzu mai al'adu ce ta ce "al'aurar mata suna da tsarki ko kuma tabo ne ta yadda ba za mu iya ma magana game da su kwata-kwata ba, ko kuma idan za mu yi magana a kansu, suna da wargi mara daɗi." masanin halayyar ɗan adam a Virginia Tech kuma marubucin “Yana urtsanƙasa A Waje,” littafi game da ɓarna mai rauni

Ko da a yau, mun kasance ba mu da ma'ana game da farji

An yaba wa Oprah da yaduwar "vajayjay," amma ba a bayyane yake ba cewa dukkaninmu muna magana ne kan sashin jiki daya. Shin oprah's vajayjay farjinta ne - tashar daga mahaifar mahaifarta zuwa bayan jikinta - ko kuma farjinta ne, wanda ya haɗa da dukkan sassan waje da nake tunanin lokacin da wani yace "lady bits" - labia, clitoris, and pubic mound?

Sau da yawa a yau, kawai muna amfani da kalmar farji a matsayin kama-duka - wataƙila saboda idan akwai kalma ba mu da kwanciyar hankali da faɗi fiye da farji, ƙulli ne.

Kuma idan mata na zamani basu san komai game da jikinsu ba, zaku iya tunanin irin abubuwan da mazan zamanin suka yi.

Har zuwa 1994 cewa NIH ta ba da umarnin cewa yawancin gwajin asibiti sun hada da mata.

Galen, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin masanin binciken likita na farko na Daular Rome, ya ƙi mahaifar da ke yawo amma ya ga farji a zahiri azzakarin ciki ne. A karni na biyu A.D., ya rubuta wannan don taimakawa masu karatu su hango:

“Ka yi tunani da farko, don Allah, game da [al’aura] na mutumin da ya shiga ya faɗaɗa tsakanin cikin dubura da mafitsara. Idan wannan ya faru, to tabin ya zama dole ne ya zama wurin mahaifa, tare da kwayoyin a kwance a waje, kusa da shi ta kowane bangare. ”

Don haka a can kuna da shi - Galen yana faɗin cewa idan kuka yi tunanin tursasa duk namijin da ya faɗi ya shiga jikin mutum, mafitsaran zai zama mahaifar, azzakari zai zama farji, kuma ƙwarjiyoyin za su zama ƙwai.

Don a bayyane, wannan ba kwatankwaci bane kawai. Kamar yadda masanin tarihi Thomas Laqueur ya rubuta, sanannen abu ne a lokacin cewa maza da mata a zahiri suna raba abubuwan gaɓa ɗaya.

Me yasa maziyyi ba zai iya haihuwar yara ba - ba tare da ambaton inda ainihin maƙogwaron ya yi daidai da wannan makircin ba - a bayyane yake, amma Galen bai damu da waɗannan tambayoyin ba. Yana da wata ma'ana da zai yi: Cewa mace kawai aji ce ta namiji.

Zai iya zama wauta a yau, amma zaton ɗa namiji a matsayin mizanin jikin mutum ya ci gaba.

Har sai 1994 da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta U.S.asa ta Amurka (NIH) ta ba da umarnin cewa yawancin gwajin asibiti sun haɗa da mata (na ƙarshe an fara wucewa a cikin 1993, amma ya fara aiki bayan NIH ta sake nazarin jagororin).

Kafin haka,, bisa zaton cewa zasuyi aiki iri ɗaya a duka jinsi. Wannan tunanin ya zama ba daidai ba. Daga 1997 zuwa 2001, magunguna 8 cikin 10 da aka ciro daga kasuwa na haifar da haɗari ga mata, galibi saboda mata suna shayar da su daban.

Abin da ya fi haka, masana ilimin jikin mutum na farko sun sami kuskure da yawa game da sifar mace

Tunanin Galen game da mata ya ta'allaka ne a kan raunin fahimtarsa ​​game da ilimin halittar jikin mata, wanda watakila za a iya fahimtarsa ​​tunda ba a ba shi izinin rarraba gawarwakin mutane ba.

Ba sai a shekara ta 1500 ba, a lokacin Renaissance, masana kimiyyar lissafi suka iya duban cikin jiki kuma suka fara buga zane-zanen al'aura tare da wasu gabobin. Koyaya, hotunan cocin sun dauki hotunan su game da tsarin haihuwa, saboda haka litattafai da yawa na lokacin sun ɓoye al'aurar a ƙarƙashin wasu takardu ko kuma an tsallake su gaba ɗaya.

Ko da Andreas Vesalius, wani likitan Flemish wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin mahaifin ilmin jikin mutum, ba koyaushe yake tabbatar da abin da yake kallo ba. Ya kalli kirinjin a matsayin wani yanki mai banƙyama wanda ba ya faruwa ga mata masu lafiya, alal misali, ya manne a maimakon ra'ayin cewa farji mace ce daidai da azzakari.

Amma a lokacin Wayewar haske daga 1685 zuwa 1815, ilimin kimiyya, gami da ilmin jikin mutum, ya bunkasa. Kuma godiya ga injin buga takardu, yawancin mutane sun fara koyon jima'i da jikin mace.

Raymond Stephanson da Darren Wagner sun rubuta a cikin wani bayyani game da zamanin cewa, "Godiya ga sabon al'adun bugu," wallafe-wallafen shawarwarin jima'i, litattafan ungozoma, shahararrun al'adun mata, maganganun batsa a cikin yare, har ma da littafin… ya zama a bainar jama'a. yawan masu karatu da ba a taba gani ba. "

"Wannan littafin (" Jikinmu, Kanmu "1970) ya kasance mai canzawa," in ji Rodriguez, "domin ya ba mata ilimi game da jikinsu."

Menene ƙari, tare da haɓakar magungunan zamani a cikin 1800s, mutane da yawa sun fara ganin likitoci.

Haihuwar, wacce aka gani a matsayin al'adar rayuwa da za'ayi ta a gida, ta fara komawa asibitoci, in ji Sarah Rodriguez, PhD, masaniyar tarihin likita a jami'ar Northwest.

Kuma likitoci sun sami kyan gani na farko a cikin farji mai rai

ya kasance matashin likitan Alabama a cikin 1840s lokacin da ya yi sha'awar yin tiyata a kan mata - sannan kuma ya zama sabon aiki. Don yin hakan, ya kirkiro fannin ilimin mata kamar yadda muka san shi a yau.

Na farko, ya kirkiri abin da ya shafi farji, wanda har yanzu likitocin mata ke amfani da shi wajen budewa da gani a cikin al'aurar, sannan ya fara aikin tiyata na farko don gyara fistulas na vesicovaginal, wani sarkakiyar haihuwa yayin da rami ke buɗe tsakanin farji da mafitsara.

Yin aikin ya kasance nasara, amma ci gaban ya kasance da tsada mai yawa. Ko da a lokacin, Rodriguez ya ce, hanyoyin Sims ana ganin su a matsayin masu da'a da dabi'a.

Hakan ya faru ne saboda Sims ya haɓaka aikin tiyatar ta hanyar gwaji kan barorin matan Afirka bautar. A cikin bayanan nasa, ya tattauna musamman game da mata uku, masu suna Betsey, Anarcha, da Lucy. Ya yi aikin tiyata 30 - duk ba tare da maganin sa barci ba - a kan Anarcha kadai, farawa tun tana 'yar shekara 17.

"Ba na tsammanin ya kamata ku yi magana game da kirkirar wadannan tiyata ba tare da ambaton matan ba," in ji Rodriguez. "Gyaran yoyon fitsari ya amfani mata da yawa tun daga lokacin, amma wannan ya faru ne da mata uku waɗanda ba za su iya cewa a'a ba."

A watan Afrilu na 2018, wani mutum-mutumin Sims a cikin New York City's Central Park ya sauko, don maye gurbinsa da abin rubutu wanda zai ba da sunayen mata uku da Sims suka yi gwaji a kansu.

Kuma yayin da mata a yau za su iya samun ƙarin bayani game da jikinsu fiye da kowane lokaci, wannan kuma yana nufin an yi musu bamabamun da saƙonni marasa kyau da ba daidai ba.

Ga mata da yawa, cire mutum-mutumin ya kasance muhimmiyar sanarwa game da lahani da rashin kula da mata suka sha tsawon shekaru a hannun cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Da gaske bai kasance ba sai a shekarun 1970, in ji Rodriguez, cewa kula da lafiyar mata ta shigo da nata.

Littafin "Jikinmu, Kanmu" ya kasance babban ƙarfi a wannan canjin.

A cikin 1970, Judy Norsigian da wasu mata a cikin Kungiyar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata ta Boston sun buga bugun farko na littafin, wanda ya yi magana kai tsaye da gaskiya ga mata game da komai daga ilmin jikin mutum har zuwa lafiyar jima’i da al’adar maza.

Rodriguez ya ce: "Wannan littafin ya canza sosai, saboda ya ba wa mata ilimin jikinsu."

Kuma wannan ilimin ya bai wa mata damar zama kwararrun likitocinsu - tun daga lokacin an sayar da littafin sama da kofi miliyan hudu, kuma har yanzu mata suna bayar da labaran yadda kwafin kare-karen kerawa har sai sun fadi warwas.

A bayyane yake, akwai ƙishirwar ilimi, Judy Norsigian ta ce yayin da take tunani a kan wancan lokacin. "A baya a ƙarshen 60s zuwa 70s ba mu san komai game da jikinmu ba, amma mun san ƙananan abin da muka sani," in ji ta a yau. "Wannan shine abin da ya sanya mata su hadu su yi bincike."

A tsawon shekaru, Norsigian ya ce, buƙatar littafin bai ɓace ba, amma ya canza.

"Akwai bayanai da yawa game da intanet," in ji ta. Tana bayanin mata masu zuwa wajenta yayin al'amuran da yin tambayoyin da ke nuna rashin cikakken ilimin game da jikin mace.

"Ba su fahimta game da lafiyar al'ada da cututtukan fitsari ba," in ji ta, "ko kuma ba su ma san suna da fannoni biyu daban-daban ba!"

Kuma yayin da mata a yau za su iya samun ƙarin bayani game da jikinsu fiye da kowane lokaci, wannan kuma yana nufin an yi musu bamabamun da saƙonni marasa kyau da ba daidai ba.

Norsigian ya ce "Mata a yau suna da ra'ayin cewa dole ne su yi kama da na batsa, don haka suna askewa da sauya yanayin farji," in ji Norsigian. "Sabunta farji wani tiyata ne mai zafi yanzu."

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa littafin na ƙarshe - babu sauran kuɗi don ci gaba da sabunta shi - yana da sashe kan yadda za a sami sahihan bayanai a kan intanet, da guje wa wuraren tallace-tallace da aka ɓoye a matsayin ilimi.

Kuma bayan wannan dogon tarihin, zai dauki maganganun farji da yawa don cike lokacin bata.

Amma duk da irin yadda yake bayyana, farji ya zama haramtacce

Anan ga misali guda daya kawai: kamfanin Kotex ya shirya tallan TV don pads da tabon da suka ambaci kalmar "farji." Bayan duk wannan, anan ne ake amfani da kayan su.

Bayan cibiyoyin watsa shirye-shirye guda uku sun gaya wa kamfanin cewa ba za ta iya amfani da wannan kalmar ba, Kotex ya dauki tallan tare da 'yar fim din ta amfani da kalmar "can can."

Nope. Biyu daga cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar uku sun ƙi hakan.

Wannan ba a cikin shekarun 1960 ba - wannan tallan ya gudana a cikin 2010.

A ƙarshe, har yanzu yana da ci gaba mai mahimmanci. Kamfanin ya yi dariya a nasa tallan da ya gabata, wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai ruwan shuɗi da mata suna raye-raye da raha, da dawakai, da tsalle a cikin farin wando - mai yiwuwa duk a lokacin da suke haila. Duk da haka koda a cikin 2010, Kotex ba zai iya ambaton, ko da daɗi, na ainihin farji.

Don haka a, mun yi tafiya mai tsawo, yaro. Ya kasance ƙarnuka da yawa tun lokacin da kowa yayi ƙoƙari ya jarabci mahaifa mai yawo tare da farji mai ɗaci. Amma tarihi ya ci gaba da tsara mu.

Har yanzu muna magana game da farji a cikin kuskure, hanyoyin yaudara

A sakamakon haka, mutane da yawa har yanzu ba su san bambanci tsakanin farji da mara ba - ƙasa da yadda za a kula da ɗayan.

Mujallu na mata da kuma shafukan yanar gizo masu daidaitaccen kiwon lafiya basa taimakawa, inganta ra'ayoyi marasa ma'ana kamar "yadda ake samun mafi kyawun farjinku na bazara koyaushe" da haɓaka hanyoyin kwalliya da tiyata waɗanda suke ba wa mata kunya a tunaninsu na ɗabi'unsu na al'ada ba su da kyau.

A cikin 2013, binciken da aka yi a wata jami'ar Amurka ya gano cewa kashi 38 cikin ɗari na matan koleji ne kawai ke iya sanya farjin a jikin hoton jikin mutum (kayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan kwalejin da za su iya samun sa). Kuma ƙasa da rabin mata duka a cikin binciken ƙasa da ƙasa sun ce suna da kwanciyar hankali tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi farji tare da mai ba su kiwon lafiya.

Labuski ya ce, "Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikinmu suna rayuwa a cikin wannan 'duniyar', kuma mutane suna aika hotunan kansu na al'aurarsu kuma yana jin kamar wannan lokacin ne na budewa, ina ganin [wadannan halaye] har yanzu da gaske sabon dangi ne. ''

Kuma bayan wannan "dogon" tarihin, zai ɗauki maganganun farji da yawa don cike lokacin ɓacewa.

Erika Engelhaupt 'yar jaridar kimiya ce kuma edita. Ta rubuta shafi Gory Details a National Geographic, kuma aikinta ya bayyana a jaridu, mujallu, da rediyo gami da Science News, The Philadelphia Inquirer, da NPR.