Menene Acanthocytes?

Wadatacce

• Game da acanthocytes: Inda suka fito da kuma inda aka same su
• Acanthocytes vs. echinocytes
• Yaya ake bincikar acanthocytosis?
• Dalilin da alamun cututtukan acanthocytosis
• Acanthocytosis na gado
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• Abetalipoproteinemia
• Acanthocytosis da aka samu
• Awauki

Acanthocytes ƙwayoyin jan jini ne waɗanda ba na al'ada ba tare da spikes na tsayi daban-daban da kuma fadin da ba daidai ba a kan yanayin tantanin halitta. Sunan ya fito ne daga kalmomin Helenanci "acantha" (wanda ke nufin "ƙaya") da "kytos" (wanda ke nufin "tantanin halitta").

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu na ban mamaki suna haɗuwa da cututtukan da muka gada da waɗanda aka samo. Amma yawancin manya suna da karamin kaso na sinadarin acanthocytes a cikin jinin su.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamu rufe abin da acanthocytes suke, yadda suka bambanta da echinocytes, da kuma yanayin da ke tattare da su.

Game da acanthocytes: Inda suka fito da kuma inda aka same su

Acanthocytes ana tsammanin zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin sunadarai da lipids akan saman ƙwayoyin jan. Daidai yadda kuma me yasa yasa ba a fahimta sosai.

Acanthocytes ana samun su cikin mutanen da ke da yanayi masu zuwa:

• tsananin cutar hanta
• ƙananan cututtukan jijiyoyi, irin su chorea-acanthocytosis da cutar McLeod
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• hypothyroidism
• abetalipoproteinemia (cututtukan cututtukan kwayar halitta da ke tattare da rashin iya shan wasu ƙwayoyin mai)
• bayan cire saifa (splenectomy)
• rashin abinci

Wasu magunguna, kamar su statins ko misoprostol (Cytotec), suna da alaƙa da acanthocytes.

Hakanan ana samun sinadarin acanthocytes a cikin fitsarin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari waɗanda ke da cutar glomerulonephritis, wani nau'in cutar koda.

Saboda yanayin su, ana tunanin cewa acanthocytes za a iya kama su kuma a lalata su a cikin mahaifa, wanda ke haifar da anemia hemolytic.

Ga kwatancin acanthocytes guda biyar tsakanin cikin jinin ja na yau da kullun.

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Acanthocytes vs. echinocytes

Acanthocyte yayi kama da wani ƙwayar jinin jini mara kyau wanda ake kira echinocyte. Echinocytes suma suna da kaɗa a saman tantanin halitta, kodayake suna da ƙanƙanta, masu fasali a kai a kai, kuma suna tazara sosai a saman tantanin halitta.

Sunan echinocyte ya fito ne daga kalmomin Helenanci "echinos" (wanda ke nufin "urchin") da "kytos" (wanda ke nufin "kwayar halitta").

Echinocytes, wanda ake kira burr cells, suna da alaƙa da cutar koda ta ƙarshe, cutar hanta, da rashi na enzyme pyruvate kinase.

Yaya ake bincikar acanthocytosis?

Acanthocytosis yana nufin kasancewar mahaukaci acanthocytes a cikin jini. Ana iya ganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jan jini na kuskure-ɓoye a shafa jinin jikin mutum.

Wannan ya haɗa da ɗora samfurin jininka a kan gilashin gilashi, ƙazantar da shi, da kuma dubansa a ƙarƙashin madubin likita. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da sabon samfurin jini; in ba haka ba, acanthocytes da echinocytes zasu yi kama.

Don bincika duk wani yanayin da ke tattare da acanthocytosis, likitanku zai ɗauki cikakken tarihin likita kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku. Hakanan zasu yi tambaya game da yuwuwar yanayin gado kuma suyi gwajin jiki.

Baya ga shafa jini, likitan zai yi odar cikakken lissafin jini da sauran gwaje-gwaje. Idan suna tsammanin shigar da jijiyoyin jiki, suna iya yin odar hoton MRI na kwakwalwa.

Dalilin da alamun cututtukan acanthocytosis

Wasu nau'ikan acanthocytosis suna gado, yayin da wasu suka samu.

Acanthocytosis na gado

Sakamakon acanthocytosis na gado yana haifar da takamaiman maye gurbi wanda aka gada. Kwayar halittar na iya gado daga iyaye daya ko iyayen biyu.

Ga wasu takamaiman yanayin gado:

Neuroacanthocytosis

Neuroacanthocytosis yana nufin acanthocytosis hade da matsalolin neurological. Wadannan ba kasafai ake samun su ba, tare da kiyasta yawan mutane daya zuwa biyar a cikin mutane 1,000,000.

Waɗannan su ne yanayin lalacewar ci gaba, gami da:

• Chorea-acanthocytosis. Wannan yawanci yana bayyana a cikin 20s.
• Ciwon McLeod. Wannan na iya bayyana a shekaru 25 zuwa 60.
• Huntington ta cutar-kamar 2 (HDL2). Wannan yawanci yana bayyana a cikin samartaka.
• Pantothenate kinase-hade neurodegeneration (PKAN). Wannan gabaɗaya ya bayyana a cikin yara ƙasa da shekaru 10 kuma yana ci gaba cikin sauri.

Kwayar cutar da ci gaban cutar sun bambanta da mutum. Gabaɗaya, bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:

• motsin motsa jiki mara izini
• fahimi ƙi
• kamuwa
• dystonia

Wasu mutane na iya fuskantar alamun hauka.

Har yanzu ba a sami magani don neuroacanthocytosis ba. Amma ana iya magance alamun. Ana samun gwaji na asibiti da kungiyoyin tallafi don neuroacanthocytosis.

Abetalipoproteinemia

Abetalipoproteinemia, wanda aka fi sani da cutar Bassen-Kornzweig, yana haifar da maye gurbin maye gurbi iri ɗaya daga iyayen biyu. Ya haɗa da rashin iyawa don shanye ƙwayoyin abinci, cholesterol, da bitamin mai narkewa, kamar su bitamin E.

Abetalipoproteinemia yawanci yakan faru ne a yarinta, kuma ana iya magance shi da bitamin da sauran abubuwan kari.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• rashin cin nasara kamar jariri
• matsalolin neurological, kamar rashin kulawar tsoka
• jinkirin haɓaka ilimi
• matsalolin narkewar abinci, kamar gudawa da kuma kujerun kamshi masu wari
• matsalolin ido da ke taɓarɓarewa a hankali

Acanthocytosis da aka samu

Yawancin yanayin asibiti suna haɗuwa da acanthocytosis. Hanyar da ke ciki ba koyaushe ake fahimta ba. Ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan:

• Ciwon hanta mai tsanani. Acanthocytosis ana tunanin haifar da rashin daidaituwar cholesterol da phospholipid akan membranes din jinin. Ana iya juya shi tare da dasawar hanta.
• Cire baƙin ciki. Splenectomy yana hade da acanthocytosis.
• Raunin rashin abinci. Acanthocytosis yana faruwa a cikin wasu mutane tare da anorexia. Ana iya juya shi tare da maganin anorexia.
• Hypothyroidism Kimanin kashi 20 cikin ɗari na mutanen da ke da cutar ta hypothyroidism suna haɓaka ƙananan acanthocytosis. Acanthocytosis kuma yana haɗuwa da hypothyroidism mai tsananin ci gaba (myxedema).
• Myelodysplasia. Wasu mutanen da ke da irin wannan cutar ta kansar na kama acanthocytosis.
• Ciwon ciki. Wasu mutanen da ke dauke da wannan cutar ta jini na iya haifar da cutar acanthocytosis.

Sauran yanayin da zai iya ƙunsar acanthocytosis sune cystic fibrosis, cututtukan celiac, da rashin abinci mai gina jiki mai tsanani.

Awauki

Acanthocytes ƙwayoyin jan jini ne waɗanda ba na al'ada ba waɗanda suke da ƙwaƙƙwaron da ba daidai ba a saman tantanin halitta. Suna da alaƙa da yanayin gado marasa mahimmanci da kuma yanayin da aka samu na yau da kullun.

Dikita na iya yin ganewar asali dangane da alamomin cutar da shafa jini a gefe. Wasu nau'ikan acanthocytosis na gado suna ci gaba kuma baza'a iya warkewa ba. Acanthocytosis da aka samo yawanci ana iya magance shi lokacin da aka bi da yanayin.