Abin da Kowa Yake Bukatar Ya Sani Game da Haɓaka Ƙimar Kisan Kai na Amurka

Wadatacce

• Kashe kansa da ciwon hauka
• Fasahar Fasaha
• Yawaitar Wasu Abubuwan
• Gargadi Mai Tadawa: Sashin Cutar Mutuwar Kai
• Yadda Ake Daukar Mataki
• Bita don

A makon da ya gabata, labarin mutuwar wasu fitattun mutane biyu kuma masoyan al'adu sun girgiza al'umma.

Da farko, Kate Spade, mai shekara 55, wanda ya assasa alamar ta ta shahararriyar salon da aka san ta da ƙawa da annashuwa, ta kashe kanta. Bayan haka, Anthony Bourdain, 61, mashahurin shugaba, marubuci, kuma mai fafutuka, ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa yayin yin fim ɗin shirin tafiyarsa na CNN, Sassan Ba ​​a sani ba, a Faransa.

Ga mutane biyu da suka yi kama da cike da rayuwa, mutuwarsu abin damuwa ne.

Ƙara wa rashin kwanciyar hankali shine sabbin binciken da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka suka buga a wannan makon. Kashe kai yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan 10 na mutuwa a Amurka, kuma abu na biyu da ke haifar da mutuwa tsakanin mutane masu shekaru 10 zuwa 24, a cewar CDC. Mafi muni, lambobin suna hawa. Yawan kashe kansa ya karu a kusan kowace jiha daga 1999 zuwa 2016, yayin da jihohi 25 suka sami karuwar kashe kansu fiye da kashi 30.

Kuma yayin da maza ke da mafi yawan masu kashe kansu a wannan ƙasa, wannan gibin jinsi yana raguwa, yayin da adadin matan da ke kashe kansu ke ƙaruwa. Yawan kashe kansa tsakanin yara maza da maza ya karu da kashi 21 cikin ɗari, amma da kashi 50 cikin ɗari ga 'yan mata da mata daga 2000 zuwa 2016, a cewar Cibiyar Ƙididdigar Kiwon Lafiya ta Ƙasa. (Mai alaƙa: Na gama yin shuru game da kisan kai)

Anan, masana suna ba da haske game da wannan batun lafiyar jama'a, gami da abin da za a iya yi don taimakawa yaƙi da waɗannan ƙididdiga masu ban tsoro.

Kashe kansa da ciwon hauka

A taƙaice, ba za a iya lissafa lambobi masu ɓacin rai ga abu ɗaya kaɗai ba. Akwai cakuda yanayin tattalin arziƙi da al'adu na zamantakewa waɗanda ke iya taka rawa a cikin hauhawar hauhawar farashin, in ji Susan McClanahan, Ph.D., babban jami'in asibiti a Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Basira.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan haɗari da yawancin masu kashe kansu suna da alaƙa, ko da yake, shine kasancewar ciwon asibiti ko babban rashin tausayi, in ji Lena Franklin, LCSW, mai kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a Atlanta. "Lokacin da rashin amfani, rashin bege, da bakin ciki mai yawa, ma'anar mutum don rayuwa mai rauni, yana ƙara haɗarin kashe kansa."

Sauran cututtuka na tabin hankali, irin su cuta ta biyu, rashin damuwa, da rikice-rikicen amfani da abubuwa, da kuma rikice-rikicen halaye daban-daban (musamman yanayin halin mutuntaka) kuma na iya yin tasiri ga tunanin kashe kansa da niyyar, in ji McClanahan.

Abin takaici, mutane da yawa da ke fama da lamuran lafiyar hankali ba sa samun taimakon da suke buƙata-ko ma sun san cewa yi yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Rahoton CDC ya gano cewa sama da rabin mutane (kashi 54) waɗanda suka mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa ba su da yanayin lafiya (a wannan yanayin, an gano) yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Shi ya sa kashe kansa ya kan zama abin mamaki ga ‘yan uwa da abokan arziki. Ana iya danganta hakan da wani bangare na rashin kunya da ke tattare da tabin hankali, wanda zai iya hana mutane da yawa samun taimakon da suke bukata, in ji McClanahan.

Joy Harden Bradford, Ph.D., masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma wanda ya kafa Therapy for Black Girls, ya ce "Yana iya zama abin kyama da rashin ilimi." "Wani lokaci mutane sun yi ma'amala da abubuwa da yawa a rayuwarsu har ma ba su ma san irin zafin da suke ciki ba ko kuma a zahiri yana shafar ayyukansu na yau da kullun."

Abu ɗaya tabbatacce ne, ko da yake. No daya ba shi da tabin hankali ko tunanin kashe kansa da ayyukansa, kamar yadda mutuwar Bourdain da Spade suka nuna. Duk da yake ba mu san ainihin abin da ya jawo kashe kansu ba, mutuwarsu hujja ce cewa samun nasara ta kuɗi ko shahara ba ta hana baƙin ciki ba, kuma ba yana nufin wani da ke da hanyar zai nemi taimakon ƙwararrun da suke buƙata ba. Bradford ya yi nuni da cewa "matakin samun kudin shiga ba abin kariya ba ne daga kashe kai. (Mai Dangantaka: Olivia Munn Kawai Ya Buga Saƙo Mai ƙarfi Game da Kisan Kai A Instagram)

Amma ba za a iya musanta cewa ga sauran mutane da dama da ke gwagwarmaya a fadin kasar, tsadar kaya na iya zama abin da ke gabansu. Wannan wani bangare ne na asarar kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke bayarwa don albarkatun lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, in ji McClanahan. Tun bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008, jihohi sun yanke dala biliyan 4 wajen bayar da kudade ga wadannan ayyuka. "Bincike ya nuna cewa magani yana taimakawa mutanen da ke da matsalar tabin hankali, amma ba za mu iya taimakon mutane ba idan ba za su iya samun magani ba," in ji ta.

Fasahar Fasaha

Wani abin da zai ba da gudummawa zai iya zama buƙatun rayuwarmu a yau, in ji Franklin. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, farkawa da duba imel, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, da Snapchat akai-akai-ba daidai bane yin abubuwan al'ajabi don lafiyar hankalin ku.

"Al'adun mu na yamma suna ba da dogaro mai yawa ga fasaha da haɗin kai, wanda babu makawa yana haifar da matakan damuwa da damuwa da ba a taɓa gani ba," in ji Franklin. "Tsarin ilimin halittar jikin mu kawai ba a haɗa shi don sanin adadin aiki da buƙatun rayuwa da muke tsammanin daga zukatan mu da jikin mu kullun."

Kafofin watsa labarun na iya zama takobi mai kaifi biyu, in ji Ashley Hampton, Ph.D., masanin halayyar dan adam da kocin kasuwanci. Duk da yake yana ba ku damar haɗawa da wasu, waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar galibi na waje ne kuma ba sa ba ku irin wannan yanayin oxytocin da ke haifar da ɗumamar ainihin hulɗar ɗan adam.

Ganin kawai abin da aka nuna maka-a wasu kalmomi, "highlight reel" - na iya sa ka ji damuwa game da rayuwarka, in ji Hampton. Kuma "al'adar haɗakarwa" da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ƙa'ida ba ta taimaka muku ku ji kima ba, saboda suna nuna mutane a matsayin wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsu da wani ɗan goge baki, in ji McClanahan.

A ƙarshe, kwatancen kwatankwacin da kafofin watsa labarun ke gayyatar ku don yin yana haifar da haɗarin ƙasƙantar da kanku da alamun ɓacin rai. Franklin tana ganin wannan akai-akai a cikin aikin tunani na tushen tunani. "Ina ganin matasa da suka fada cikin mawuyacin hali lokacin da basa samun '' so '' da yawa a kan hotunan su na Instagram kamar takwarorinsu na kusa," in ji ta. Kuma wannan tunanin na rashin kima na iya haifar da baƙin ciki, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin kashe kansa.

Yawaitar Wasu Abubuwan

Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura "akwai abubuwa masu ruɗani da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen yanke shawarar kashe kansa da muka sani daga waɗanda ba su gama kashe kansa ba," in ji Hampton.

Yayin da wasu bincike suka nuna cewa kusan kashi 90 na mutanen da ke mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu yi suna da tabin hankali, hanyoyin bincike a cikin waɗancan binciken suna da aibi, in ji Hampton. Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu haɗari don kashe kansa fiye da ciwon hauka.

Misali, wasu masu kashe kansu na iya zama bazata, in ji Hampton. "Wannan na iya faruwa idan mutum ya bugu, alal misali, kuma yana wasa da bindigar da aka ɗora ko kuma ya yanke wasu shawarwari masu haɗari." Sauran masu canji na iya haɗawa da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rayuwar wani, kamar rasa aiki, ƙullawa a gida, mutuwar ƙaunatacce, ko mahimmin binciken likita, in ji ta. (Hampton kuma yana nuna karuwar kashe kansa a matsayin zaɓi lokacin da aka gano yana da ciwon ajali, kamar kashe kansa da likita yayi.)

Hampton ya ce gaba daya yanayin siyasar kasar na iya yin tasiri, in ji Hampton, saboda rashin jin dadi na iya jin damuwa ga mutanen da ke fuskantar matsaloli, ko kuma tabin hankali.

Gargadi Mai Tadawa: Sashin Cutar Mutuwar Kai

Lokacin da wani jami'in jama'a ya ɗauki nasa ko nata, akwai haɗarin abin da ake kira "kwafin kashe kansa" ko "cututtukan kashe kansa" sakamakon yaɗuwar kafofin watsa labarai. Hampton ya ce wannan ra'ayin yana da goyan bayan hujjoji na tarihi da kuma yawan binciken bincike. Akwai shaidar wannan yana faruwa a yanzu: Kiran layin kashe kansa ya tashi da kashi 65 bayan mutuwar Spade da Bourdain.

An san wannan sabon abu da tasirin Werther, wanda aka sanya wa sunan jarumi a cikin wani labari na 1774 na Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Bakin cikin Matasa Werther. Labarin ya biyo bayan wani matashi ne da ya kashe kansa sakamakon soyayyar da ba a yi masa ba. Bayan wallafa littafin, an ba da rahoton cewa an samu karuwar kashe kai tsakanin samari.

Ana samun karuwar yuwuwar kisan kai ta hanyar labarai da ke "kyawu" mutuwar, ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai ko hoto, da/ko ci gaba na dogon lokaci, in ji Hampton. Wannan shine tushen tashin hankalin da ke kewaye da wasan kwaikwayon Netflix Dalilai 13 Da Ya Sa, wanda wasu masu suka suka bukaci a soke shi. (Mai alaka: Masana sunyi Magana akan "Dalilai 13 da yasa" Da sunan Rigakafin kashe kai)

Yadda Ake Daukar Mataki

Ga alama babban lamari ne da za a magance. Amma dauke da ilimin alamun kashe kansa, yadda ake amsawa, da kuma inda za ku sami taimako-ko kuna rauni ko sanin wani wanda-kowa zai iya taimakawa kuma ya sami taimako.

Don haka, me ya kamata ku duba? Alamar gargaɗin kashe kai na iya bambanta, in ji Hampton. Wasu mutane na iya jin baƙin ciki tare da tsananin bakin ciki, matsalolin barci, jin laifi da rashin bege, da/ko janyewa daga wasu.

A cewar CDC, waɗannan su ne alamun 12 da wani zai iya tunanin kashe kansa:

• Jin kamar nauyi
• Kasancewa saniyar ware
• Ƙara damuwa
• Jin an kama shi ko kuma cikin zafin da ba zai iya jurewa ba
• Ƙara amfani da abubuwa
• Neman hanyar samun damar mutuwa
• Ƙara fushi ko fushi
• Matsanancin yanayi ya canza
• Bayyana rashin bege
• Barci yayi kadan ko yayi yawa
• Magana ko aikawa game da son mutuwa
• Yin shirye -shirye don kashe kansa

Idan kuna jin kamar wani na iya fuskantar haɗarin kashe kansa, bi waɗannan matakai biyar, wanda kamfen rigakafin kashe kansa ya bayyana #BeThe1To:

1. Yi tambayoyi. Tambayoyi irin su "Shin kuna tunanin kashe kansa?" ko "Ta yaya zan iya taimakawa?" yana sanar da ku a buɗe don yin magana game da shi. Tabbatar yin tambaya ta hanyar rashin yanke hukunci, kuma a dawo, saurare. Yi ƙoƙarin sauraron ba kawai dalilansu na tunanin ɗaukar rayuwarsu ba, amma kuma saurara don dalilan rayuwa da za ku iya haskakawa.
2. A kiyaye su lafiya. Na gaba, gano idan sun ɗauki wasu matakai don kashe kansu. Shin suna da takamaiman tsari? Shin an saka wasu matakai cikin aiki? Idan suna da damar samun abubuwa kamar bindiga ko kwayoyi, to a kira hukuma ko Lifeline Rigakafin Kare Kai na Ƙasa, wanda aka jera a ƙasa.
3. Kasance a can. Ko za ku iya kasancewa a zahiri tare da wani ko ku kasance tare da su ta waya, zama tare da su na iya ceton rayuwar wani. Bincike ya nuna cewa jin “haɗin kai” da sauran mutane yana taimakawa wajen hana halin kashe kansa, yayin da ma’anar “ƙananan hali” ko kuma ɓatanci tsakanin al’umma shi ne dalilin tunanin kashe kansa.
4. Taimaka musu haɗi. Na gaba, taimaka musu su nemo wasu da za su iya tallafa musu a lokutan wahala, ta yadda za su iya kafa “cibiyar tsaro” a kusa da su. Wannan na iya haɗawa da masu warkarwa, membobin dangi, ko wasu hanyoyin tallafi a cikin al'ummomin su.
5. Bibiya. Ko saƙon murya ne, rubutu, kira, ko ziyara, bibiyar don sanar da mutumin cewa kuna kula da yadda suke yi, ci gaba da fahimtar "haɗin gwiwa."

Don kula da lafiyar hankalin ku, Franklin ya ba da shawarar yin kula da kai-ba kawai nau'in kumfa-bath-da-facemask.

• Je zuwa ganin mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don "motsa jiki" ta motsin rai akai -akai. (Ga yadda ake yin aikin warkarwa akan kasafin kuɗi, da yadda ake nemo muku mafi kyawun mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.)
• Haɓaka ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna, hanyar sadarwa ta abokai da dangi waɗanda za ku iya dogaro da su lokacin da rayuwa ta rikice da zafi.
• Yi yoga da tunani. "Nazarin ya nuna cewa waɗannan ayyukan na hankali suna rage alamun cututtukan zuciya ta hanyar canza alaƙar mu da ƙirar tunani mara kyau da canza yanayin ilimin halittar mu," in ji ta. (A nan ne lokacin da motsa jiki ke taimakawa-da kuma lokacin da ya kamata ku ɗauki magani mataki gaba.)
• Yarda da gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Franklin ya ce "A matsayin mu na al'umma, dole ne mu yarda da raɗaɗi da wahalar rayuwa don hana haɗewa zuwa kamala," in ji Franklin. "Yin gwagwarmayar rayuwa yana girmama ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke tattare da shi maimakon ci gaba da damuwa da damuwa da suka samo asali daga al'adun al'adu na yawan aiki."

Idan kuna kokawa da tunanin kashe kansa ko kuma kun ji baƙin ciki na ɗan lokaci, kira National Suicide Prevention Lifeline a 1-800-273-TALK (8255) don yin magana da wani wanda zai ba da tallafi na sirri kyauta 24 hours. a rana, kwana bakwai a mako.

Bita don