Ciwon cututtukan huhu na ƙarshe (COPD)

Ciwon cututtukan huhu na ƙarshe (COPD) cuta ce ta huhu gama gari. Samun COPD yana wahalar numfashi.

Akwai manyan siffofin COPD guda biyu:

• Ciwon mashako na kullum, wanda ya haɗa da tari na dogon lokaci tare da ƙoshin ciki
• Emphysema, wanda ya haɗa da lalata huhu akan lokaci

Mafi yawan mutane masu cutar COPD suna da haɗuwa da yanayin biyu.

Shan taba sigari ne ke haifar da COPD. Da zarar mutum yana shan sigari, da alama mutum zai iya kamuwa da COPD. Amma wasu mutane suna shan taba tsawon shekaru kuma basu samun COPD.

A cikin wasu yanayi, marasa shan sigari waɗanda ba su da furotin da ake kira alpha-1 antitrypsin na iya haɓaka emphysema.

Sauran abubuwan haɗarin na COPD sune:

• Bayyanawa ga wasu gas ko hayaki a wurin aiki
• Bayyanar da hayaki mai dumbin yawa da gurɓataccen yanayi
• Amfani da wutar girki akai-akai ba tare da samun iska mai kyau ba

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Tari, tare da ko ba tare da ƙanshi ba
• Gajiya
• Yawancin cututtuka na numfashi
• Ofarancin numfashi (dyspnea) wanda ke ƙara lalacewa tare da aiki mai sauƙi
• Matsalar dauke numfashin mutum
• Hanzari

Saboda alamun suna bunkasa a hankali, mutane da yawa ba za su san cewa suna da COPD ba.

Mafi kyawun gwaji ga COPD shine gwajin aikin huhu da ake kira spirometry. Wannan ya haɗa da hura iska waje mai wuya kamar yadda zai yiwu cikin ƙaramin inji wanda ke gwada ƙarfin huhu. Ana iya bincika sakamakon yanzunnan.

Amfani da stethoscope don sauraron huhu yana iya zama taimako, nuna dogon lokacin ƙarewa ko shaƙuwa. Amma wani lokacin, huhu yana yin sauti daidai, koda lokacin da mutum ya kamu da COPD.

Ana iya yin odar gwajin hoto na huhu, kamar su x-rays da CT scans. Tare da x-ray, huhu na iya zama na al'ada, koda lokacin da mutum ke da COPD. A CT scan yawanci zai nuna alamun COPD.

Wani lokaci, ana iya yin gwajin jini da ake kira iskar gas na jini don auna adadin iskar oxygen da iskar carbon dioxide a cikin jini.

Idan mai kula da lafiyar ku yana tsammanin kuna da rashi na antitrypsin na alpha-1, da alama za a ba da umarnin gwajin jini don gano wannan yanayin.

Babu maganin COPD. Amma akwai abubuwa da yawa da zaka iya yi don sauƙaƙe alamomin da kiyaye cutar daga ƙaruwa.

Idan kana shan sigari, yanzu lokaci yayi da zaka daina. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau don rage jinkirin huhu.

Magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance COPD sun haɗa da:

• Magunguna masu saurin gaggawa don taimakawa buɗe hanyoyin iska
• Sarrafa magunguna don rage kumburin huhu
• Magungunan anti-inflammatory don rage kumburi a cikin hanyoyin iska
• Wasu maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci

A cikin yanayi mai tsanani ko yayin tashin hankali, ƙila ka buƙaci karɓar:

• Steroids ta bakin ko ta jijiya (intravenously)
• Bronchodilators ta hanyar nebulizer
• Maganin Oxygen
• Taimako daga inji don taimakawa numfashi ta amfani da abin rufe fuska ko ta hanyar amfani da bututun endotracheal

Mai ba ku sabis na iya ba da umarnin maganin rigakafi yayin bayyanar alamun tashin hankali, saboda kamuwa da cuta na iya sa COPD ya zama mafi muni.

Kuna iya buƙatar maganin oxygen a gida idan kuna da ƙarancin oxygen a cikin jinin ku.

Saukewar huhu ba ya warkar da COPD. Amma zai iya kara koya maka game da cutar, ya koya maka numfashi ta wata hanyar daban don ka iya kasancewa cikin aiki da jin dadi, kuma ya sa ka aiki a matakin qarshe.

RAYU DA KWADAYI

Kuna iya yin abubuwa kowace rana don kiyaye COPD daga ƙaruwa, kare huhun ku, kuma ku kasance cikin ƙoshin lafiya.

Yi tafiya don ƙarfafa ƙarfi:

• Tambayi mai ba da sabis ko mai warkarwa yadda nisan tafiya.
• Sannu a hankali kara yadda kake tafiya.
• Guji magana idan ka samu karancin numfashi lokacin tafiya.
• Yi amfani da numfashin leɓe da ake huɗawa lokacin da kake fitar da numfashi, don toshe huhunka kafin numfashi na gaba.

Abubuwan da zaku iya yi don sauƙaƙa wa kanku cikin gida sun haɗa da:

• Guji iska mai sanyi ko yanayi mai tsananin zafi
• Tabbatar babu mai shan sigari a gidanka
• Rage gurɓatar iska ta hanyar amfani da murhu da kawar da wasu abubuwan haushi
• Sarrafa damuwa da yanayin ku
• Yi amfani da oxygen idan an tsara muku

Ku ci abinci mai kyau, gami da kifi, kaji, da nama mara kyau, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Idan yana da wuya a ci gaba da nauyi, yi magana da mai ba da abinci ko likitan abinci game da cin abinci tare da ƙarin adadin kuzari.

Ana iya amfani da tiyata ko wasu maganganu don magance COPD. Mutane ƙalilan ne ke cin gajiyar waɗannan magungunan:

• Za a iya saka bawul din hanya guda tare da burkinan iska don taimakawa wajen bayyana ɓangarorin huhun da ke cikin hawan jini (ƙari) a cikin zaɓaɓɓun marasa lafiya.
• Yin aikin tiyata don cire ɓangarorin huhun da ke cutar, wanda zai iya taimakawa ɓangarorin da ba su da cuta sosai su yi aiki mafi kyau a cikin wasu mutane da emphysema.
• Dasawa na huhu don ƙananan lamura masu tsanani sosai.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta shiga ƙungiyar tallafi. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

COPD cuta ce ta dogon lokaci (na kullum). Cutar za ta kara yin sauri da sauri idan ba ku daina shan taba ba.

Idan kana da COPD mai tsanani, za a sami ƙarancin numfashi tare da yawancin ayyuka. Ana iya shigar da kai asibiti sau da yawa.

Yi magana da mai baka game da injin numfashi da kuma kulawa ta ƙarshen rayuwa yayin da cutar ta ci gaba.

Tare da COPD, ƙila ka sami wasu matsalolin lafiya kamar:

• Bugun zuciya ba daidai ba (arrhythmia)
• Ana buƙatar na'urar numfashi da maganin oxygen
• Ciwon zuciya na dama-dama ko huhu (kumburin zuciya da gazawar zuciya saboda cutar huhu mai tsafta)
• Namoniya
• Huhun da ya tarwatse (pneumothorax)
• Rage nauyi mai nauyi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Rage kasusuwa (osteoporosis)
• Rushewa
• Anxietyara damuwa

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kiran lambar gaggawa ta gida (kamar su 911) idan kana da saurin ƙaruwa cikin gajeren numfashi.

Rashin shan sigari yana hana yawancin COPD. Tambayi mai ba ku sabis game da shirye-shiryen shan sigari. Hakanan akwai magunguna don taimaka maka dakatar da shan sigari.

COPD; Ciwo na rashin hanyoyin iska; Ciwon huhu mai saurin hanawa; Ciwon mashako na kullum; Emphysema; Bronchitis - na kullum

• Magungunan Antiplatelet - Masu hanawa P2Y12
• Asfirin da cututtukan zuciya
• Kasancewa cikin aiki bayan bugun zuciyar ka
• Ciwon huhu na huɗu na rashin ƙarfi - manya - fitarwa
• COPD - sarrafa kwayoyi
• COPD - magunguna masu saurin gaggawa
• COPD - abin da za a tambayi likitanka
• Yadda ake numfashi lokacin da kake karancin numfashi
• Yadda ake amfani da nebulizer
• Yadda ake amfani da inhaler - babu matsala
• Yadda ake amfani da inhaler - tare da spacer
• Yadda zaka yi amfani da mitar tsinkayar mita
• Tiyatar huhu - fitarwa
• Sanya kwararar ruwa ya zama al'ada
• Oxygen lafiya
• Tafiya tare da matsalolin numfashi
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida - abin da za a tambayi likitan ku

• Iarfafawa
• Emphysema
• Bronchitis
• Barin shan taba
• COPD (cututtukan huhu na huɗu da ke faruwa)
• Tsarin numfashi

Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Gyaran huhu A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 105.

Cibiyar Gudanar da Duniya don Ciwon Cutar Cutar Tashin Hankali (GOLD). Tsarin duniya don ganewar asali, gudanarwa, da rigakafin cututtukan huhu mai saurin ci gaba: rahoton 2020. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. An shiga Yuni 3, 2020.

Han MK, Li'azaru SC. COPD: ganewar asibiti da gudanarwa. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 44.

Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Zuciya ta Kasa, Huhu, da gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin jini. Tsarin aikin kasa na COPD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. An sabunta Mayu 22, 2017. An shiga 29 ga Afrilu, 2020.