Asthma

Asthma cuta ce ta yau da kullun da ke haifar da hanyoyin iska na huhu su kumbura kuma su rage. Yana haifar da wahalar numfashi kamar numfashi, rashin numfashi, matse kirji, da tari.

Asma tana faruwa ne ta kumburi (kumburi) a hanyoyin iska. Lokacin da cutar asma ta auku, layukan hanyoyin iska suna kumbura kuma tsokoki da ke kewaye da hanyoyin iska su zama matse. Wannan yana rage adadin iska da zai iya wucewa ta hanyar iska.

Ana iya haifar da alamun asma ta numfashi cikin abubuwan da ake kira allergens ko triggers, ko kuma ta wasu dalilai.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da asma sun haɗa da:

• Dabbobi (gashin dabbobi ko dander)
• Kurar kura
• Wasu magunguna (asfirin da sauran NSAIDS)
• Canje-canje a cikin yanayi (mafi yawan lokuta yanayin sanyi)
• Sinadarai a cikin iska ko a cikin abinci
• Motsa jiki
• Mould
• Pollen
• Cututtukan numfashi, kamar sanyi na yau da kullun
• Emotionsarfin motsin rai (damuwa)
• Hayakin taba

Abubuwa a wasu wuraren aiki na iya haifar da alamun asma, wanda ke haifar da cutar asma. Abubuwan da galibi ke jawowa sune ƙurar itace, ƙurar hatsi, dander na dabbobi, fungi, ko kuma sinadarai.

Mutane da yawa da ke fama da asma suna da tarihin rashin lafiyan mutum ko na iyali, kamar zazzabin hay (rashin lafiyar rhinitis) ko eczema. Sauran ba su da tarihin rashin lafiyan.

Alamomin asma sun banbanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Misali, kana iya samun alamomi a koda yaushe ko galibi yayin motsa jiki.

Yawancin mutane da ke fama da asma suna da hare-haren da aka raba su ba tare da lokaci ba. Wasu mutane suna da gajeren lokaci na numfashi tare da lokutan ƙara rashin ƙarfi na numfashi. Busa kumburi ko tari na iya zama babbar alama.

Haɗarin asma na iya ɗaukar minti zuwa kwanaki. Harshen asma na iya farawa farat ɗaya ko haɓaka a hankali tsawon sa'o'i ko kwanaki. Yana iya zama mai haɗari idan an toshe magudanar iska sosai.

Kwayar cutar asma sun hada da:

• Tari tare da ko ba tare da samar da sputum (phlegm) ba
• Ja cikin fata tsakanin haƙarƙari yayin numfashi (raunin da aka yi tsakanin intercostal)
• Ofarancin numfashi wanda ke ƙara lalacewa tare da motsa jiki ko aiki
• Busa usur ko sautin motsi yayin da kake numfashi
• Jin zafi ko matsewa a kirji
• Baccin wahala
• Yanayin numfashi mara kyau (fitar da numfashi yana ɗaukar fiye da sau biyu idan dai numfashi yake)
  

Alamun gaggawa da ke buƙatar taimakon likita da sauri sun haɗa da:

• Launin Bluish zuwa lebe da fuska
• Rage matakin faɗakarwa, kamar su tsananin bacci ko ruɗani, yayin harin fuka
• Matsanancin wahalar numfashi
• Gudun bugun jini
• Tsananin damuwa saboda karancin numfashi
• Gumi
• Matsalar magana
• Numfashi na wani lokaci

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi amfani da stethoscope don sauraron huhunku. Ana iya jin motsi da sauran sauti masu alaƙa da asma. Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai ɗauki tarihin lafiyarku kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku.

Gwajin da za'a iya yin oda sun hada da:

• Gwajin rashin lafiyar - gwajin fata ko gwajin jini don ganin idan mai cutar asma ya kamu da wasu abubuwa
• Gas na jijiyoyin jini - galibi ana yi a cikin mutanen da ke fama da mummunan cutar asma
• Kirjin x-ray - don kawar da wasu yanayi
• Gwajin aikin huhu, gami da ƙididdigar kwararar ruwa

Manufofin magani sune:

• Sarrafa kumburin hanyar iska
• Iyakance bayyanar da abubuwa wanda zai iya haifar da alamun ku
• Taimaka maka ka iya yin al'amuran yau da kullun ba tare da samun alamun asma ba

Ku da mai ba ku sabis ya kamata ku yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiya don gudanar da alamun ashma. Bi umarnin mai bayarwa game da shan magunguna, kawar da cututtukan asma, da kuma lura da alamomin.

MAGUNGUNA NA ASAMA

Akwai magunguna iri biyu don magance asma:

• Kula da magunguna don taimakawa wajen hana kai hare-hare
• Saurin gaggawa (ceto) magunguna don amfani yayin hare-hare

MAGUNGUNAN Tsawon lokaci

Wadannan ana kiran su magungunan kulawa ko sarrafa magunguna. Ana amfani dasu don hana bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutane masu matsakaiciyar cutar asma. Dole ne ku dauke su kowace rana don suyi aiki. Auke su ko da lokacin da kuka ji Ok.

Wasu numfashi na dogon lokaci ana hurawa cikin (inhaɗa), kamar su masu cin kwayar cutar masu cin abinci da tsinkayen beta-agonists. Wasu kuma ana daukar su ta baki (da baki). Mai ba ku sabis zai rubuta muku maganin da ya dace a gare ku.

MAGUNGUNAN GAGGAWA

Wadannan ana kiransu magungunan ceto. Ana ɗauke su:

• Don tari, numfashi, matsalar numfashi, ko yayin ciwon asma
• Kafin fara motsa jiki don taimakawa hana alamun asma

Faɗa wa mai ba ka sabis idan kana amfani da magunguna masu saurin gaggawa sau biyu a mako ko fiye. Idan haka ne, asma ba za a iya shawo kanku ba. Mai ba ku sabis na iya canza sashi ko maganin asma na yau da kullun.

Magunguna masu saurin gaggawa sun haɗa da:

• Shaƙƙarfan iska mai shaƙƙarfan iska
• Corticosteroid na baka don mummunan cutar asma

Wani mummunan cutar asma na buƙatar likita don dubawa. Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar dakatar da asibiti. A can, mai yiwuwa a ba ku oxygen, taimakon numfashi, da magunguna da ake bayarwa ta jijiya (IV).

CUTAR ASTHMA A GIDA

Kuna iya ɗaukar matakai don rage yiwuwar cutar asma:

• Sanin alamun asma don kallo.
• San yadda zaka ɗauki tsaran karatun ka da ma'anar sa.
• San abin da ke haifar da cutar asma ɗinka da abin da za ka yi idan ya faru.
• San yadda ake kula da asma kafin da lokacin motsa jiki ko motsa jiki.

Shirye-shiryen aikin asma rubutattun takardu ne don kula da asma. Tsarin aikin asma yakamata ya haɗa da:

• Umarni don shan magungunan asma idan yanayinku ya daidaita
• Jerin abubuwan da ke haifar da asma da yadda za a guje su
• Yadda ake gane lokacin da asma ke taɓarɓarewa, da lokacin kiran mai ba ka

A m kwarara mita ne mai sauki na'urar don auna yadda sauri za ka iya fitar da iska daga your huhu.

• Zai iya taimaka maka ganin idan hari yana zuwa, wani lokacin ma kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana. Matakan kololuwa masu gudana suna taimaka sanar da kai lokacin da kuke buƙatar ɗaukar magani ko wani aiki.
• Valuesimar kwatankwacin ƙimar 50% zuwa 80% na kyakkyawan sakamakon ku alama ce ta kamuwa da cutar asma. Lambobin da ke ƙasa da 50% alama ce ta mummunan hari.

Babu magani don asma, kodayake alamun cutar wani lokaci suna inganta cikin lokaci. Tare da kulawa da kai da kulawa da lafiya, yawancin mutane da asma na iya yin rayuwa ta yau da kullun.

Rikitarwa na asma na iya zama mai tsanani, kuma yana iya haɗawa da:

• Mutuwa
• Rage ikon motsa jiki da shiga cikin wasu ayyuka
• Rashin bacci saboda alamomin dare
• Canje-canje na dindindin a aikin huhu
• Tari mai dorewa
• Numfashi mai wahala wanda ke buƙatar taimakon numfashi (mai saka iska)

Tuntuɓi mai samar maka don alƙawari idan alamun asma suka taso.

Tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis kai tsaye idan:

• Ciwan asma yana buƙatar ƙarin magani fiye da shawarar
• Kwayar cututtukan suna daɗa muni ko basa inganta da magani
• Kuna da ƙarancin numfashi yayin magana
• Girman ƙwanƙolin ƙimar ku shine 50% zuwa 80% na mafi kyawun ku

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa nan da nan idan waɗannan alamun sun faru:

• Bacci ko rudani
• Shortarancin numfashi a hutawa
• Mizanin ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa da 50% na mafi kyawun keɓaɓɓen ku
• Tsananin ciwon kirji
• Launin Bluish zuwa lebe da fuska
• Matsanancin wahalar numfashi
• Gudun bugun jini
• Tsananin damuwa saboda karancin numfashi

Zaka iya rage cututtukan asma ta hanyar gujewa abubuwan motsawa da abubuwa waɗanda ke fusata hanyoyin iska.

• Rufe shimfiɗar shimfiɗa tare da casings na tabbatar da rashin lafiyan jiki don rage kamuwa da kurar ƙura.
• Cire darduma daga dakunan kwana da wuri-wuri.
• Yi amfani da mayukan wanki da kayan tsabta a cikin gida.
• Kiyaye matakan laima ƙasa ka gyara yoyon fitsari don rage haɓakar ƙwayoyi kamar su mold.
• Tsaftace gidan da ajiye abinci a cikin kwantena da bayan ɗakuna. Wannan yana taimakawa rage yiwuwar kyankyasai. Bangaren jiki da digar jikin kyankyasai na iya haifar da cutar asma ga wasu mutane.
• Idan wani ya kamu da cutar ga dabbar da ba za a iya cire ta daga gida ba, ya kamata a kiyaye dabbar daga ɗakin kwana. Sanya kayan tacewa akan wuraren dumama / kwandishan a cikin gidanka don kama tarko na dabbobin. Sauya matatar a murhu da kuma kwandishan sau da yawa.
• Kawar da hayakin taba daga cikin gida. Wannan shine abu mafi mahimmanci wanda iyali zasu iya yi don taimakawa wani da asma. Shan sigari a wajen gidan bai wadatar ba. 'Yan uwa da baƙi waɗanda ke shan sigari a waje suna ɗaukar ragowar hayaki a cikin tufafinsu da gashinsu. Wannan na iya haifar da alamun asma. Idan kana shan sigari, yanzu lokaci ne mai kyau na daina.
• Guji gurɓatar iska, ƙurar masana’antu, da hayaƙin haya kamar yadda ya yiwu.

Ciwon asma; Wheezing - asma - manya

• Asthma da makaranta
• Asthma - sarrafa kwayoyi
• Asthma a cikin manya - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Asthma - magunguna masu saurin gaggawa
• Motsa jiki da ya haifar da aikin motsa jiki
• Motsa jiki da asma a makaranta
• Yadda ake amfani da nebulizer
• Yadda ake amfani da inhaler - babu matsala
• Yadda ake amfani da inhaler - tare da spacer
• Yadda zaka yi amfani da mitar tsinkayar mita
• Sanya kwararar ruwa ya zama al'ada
• Alamomin kamuwa da cutar asma
• Nisantar masu cutar asma
• Tafiya tare da matsalolin numfashi

• Huhu
• Iarfafawa
• Asthma
• Ganiya kwararar mita
• Asthmatic bronchiole da kuma na al'ada
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da asma
• Motsa jiki wanda ya haifar da asma
• Tsarin numfashi
• Spacer amfani - Jerin
• Amfani da inhaler da aka ƙidaya - Jerin
• Nebulizer amfani - jerin
• Ganiya kwararar mita amfani - Series

Boulet LP, Godbout K. Binciken asali na asma a cikin manya. A cikin: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. Middleton ta Allergy: Ka'idoji da Ayyuka. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 51.

Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Rashin lafiyar rhinitis da tasirinsa kan jagororin asma (ARIA) - sake duba 2016. J Rashin lafiyar Clin Immunol. 2017; 140 (4): 950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936.

Liu AH, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Asma na yara. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 169.

Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Asthma. A cikin: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, eds. Nelson Mahimman Bayanan Ilimin Yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 78.

Nowak RM, Tokarski GF. Asthma. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 63.